Infection by Staphylococcus aureus in healthy carrier children residing in Pachuca, Hidalgo State, Mexico

Infections by Staphylococcus aureus are a great worldwide public health problem due to easiness of transmission, via inhalation or direct contact in hospitals. Among infected individuals there are asymptomatic carriers that cause propagation and transmission of these infections within the hospital population. In Mexico, studies about prevalence of infections in healthy carriers by this bacterium are scarce. We investigated the prevalence of pharyngeal infections by S. aureus in asymptomatic children (3 to 8 years old) resident in Pachuca, Hidalgo. There were previous old clinic inspections as part of the study wherein 138 healthy children were studied. Samples of exudates from children were obtained and seeded in selective and differential media and they were morphologically identified as S. aureus by Gram staining. Antibiotics resistance was determined for each sample of bacteria. Prevalence of S. aureus infection was 20.29%, 12.69% in girls, and 26.66% in boys. Pre-school children showed a higher rate of infection than those in elementary school but there was not a significant difference between them (Χ2=0.92, p>0.05). More than 40% of S. aureus strains were ß-hemolytic, and half of the bacteria isolated from children in preschool is resistant to any of the antibiotics studied and resistant to at least one of the antibiotics assayed. The greatest resistance was to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. Finding children infected with S. aureus as healthy carriers may be, in fact an epidemiologic risk for the entire population. Furthermore, since there are resistant strains of this microorganism, physicians must be very sensible of resistant patterns when selecting antibiotics.

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Distribution of mercury resistance among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a hospital community

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400028564 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 111-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Barbara M. Hall

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Geriatric Patients ◽

Lower Proportion ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Mercury Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Dominant Type ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Total Analysis ◽

Resistant Strains

SummaryResults from clinical isolations confirmed that mercury resistance is common among antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus present in a large general hospital although the correlation is not as high as that found by Moore (1960).The distribution of mercury-resistant strains among infections and carriers in surgical, medical, obstetric and geriatric patients and staff was studied. Attention was directed to the distribution among carriers since there are fewer extraneous factors operating among them, and a statistical analysis was made on the total number of mercury-resistant strains and the number of non-endemic strains; this latter figure was obtained by subtracting the dominant type 80/81, which is nearly always mercury-resistant and antibiotic-resistant, from the total. Analysis showed the geriatric patients to have a significantly higher proportion of mercury-resistant strains in both cases, and obstetric patients to have a significantly lower proportion when the total number of mercury-resistant strains was considered. Among the surgical, medical and staff categories, no significant difference in proportions could be found although a trend, in that order, of decreasing proportions of mercury-resistant strains present was noted.In those cases infected on admission with tetracycline-resistant strains, although mercury-resistant strains still predominate, mercury-sensitive strains make a sizeable contribution. This is a reflexion of their dominance in the non-hospital environment.

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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF MANGIFERA INDICA ETHANOL AND AQUEOUS LEAVES EXTRACT AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i12.2020.2676 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 262-269

Author(s):

M. A. Garga ◽

U. M. Garasin ◽

M. Abdullahi ◽

B. A. Muhammed ◽

A. Yakubu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Zones Of Inhibition ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

The aim of this research is to investigate the antibacterial activity and identify the phytochemical constituents of Mangifera indica leafs on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus using disc diffusion method. The sample was collected fresh from the premises of Bioresources Development Center (BIODEC), Katsina, Katsina State and was dried and pounded into powder. The powdered leaves were extracted using ethanol and aqueous solvents. Various concentrations ranging from 500mg to 62.5mg were prepared. Test isolates were obtained from the Microbiology laboratory, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Katsina (UMYUK) and were further authenticated using Gram staining and biochemical test. The bacterial inoculums were standardized to McFarland scale 0.5. Zones of inhibition were read after 24 hours at 370C. The results of the antibacterial study revealed that the ethanolic leaves extracts at 500mg/ml had effect on P. aeruginosa and S. aureus with zones of inhibition of 12mm and 6mm respectively. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and phenols where only alkaloids was found to be absent in the aqueous extract. There is no significant difference between the solvents and various concentrations used base on t-test data analysis.

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HPV with genital pathogens and antibiotics resistance genes among female sex worker

10.21203/rs.3.rs-109627/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sessi Frida Appoline Tovo ◽

Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon ◽

Amana Metuor Dabire ◽

Régine Ilboudo ◽

Rahimatou Yasmine Tiemtoré ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Health Problem ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Antibiotics Resistance ◽

Genital Infections ◽

Female Sex ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Context: Genital infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) remain a real public health problem in the world predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study was to determine co-infection of HPV, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG); Chlamydia trachomatis (CT); Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) among female sex workers in West Africa and to search antibiotics resistance genes. This study could serve as a support for the management of patients infected. Methods: The study took place in Ouagadougou in July 2019 and from June to July 2020. It was a cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical aims. A total of 182 samples from sex workers of West and Central African origins, were analyzed by real-time PCR and resistance genes by classical PCR after DNA extraction. Data were entered and analyzed using the IBM SPSS software in its 21 version and Epi Info 6. Tables and figures were produced using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 and Microsoft Excel 2007. Chi-square and fischer tests were used for comparisons Epi info version 7. with a significant difference for p ˂ 0.05. Results: These women, who came from nine different countries, were aged 17–50 years with an average age of 27.12 ± 6.09 years and had an average of 415.9 ± 75.2 sexual partners per year. HPV and vaginosis co-infection (NG, CT, MG and TV) was 85%. The prevalence of bacteria was: NG 13.74%, CT 11.54% and MG 11.54%. Among the HPV co-infections the most common were HPV/NG (15%), HPV/MG (12%), and HPV/CT (8%). %). The antibiotic resistance genes identified are: bla QNR B 24%, bla GES 22%, bla SHV 17%, bla CTX−M 13%; bla QNR S 1%. Conclusions: This study showed that the majority of sex workers of West and Central African origin working in Ouagadougou were infected with multiple STIs. This confirms that the presence of genital infections and STIs remains a real public health problem. The scale of these infections and the detection of associated resistance genes require increased surveillance of the molecular epidemiology of these pathogens.

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Update on major clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonizing and/or infecting humans and its distribution in Brazil

Cadernos UniFOA ◽

10.47385/cadunifoa.v7i19.1106 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (19) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Thaina Miranda Da Costa ◽

Valéria Vieira ◽

Fábio Aguiar Alves

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Antibiotics Resistance ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Low Prevalence

Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium well known for its ability to acquire genes for resistance to antimicrobial drugs. A few years after the discovery of penicillin, which initiated the era of antibiotics, resistance to this drug had already been reported in hospitals and in a few decades also became a problem within the communities. Likewise, shortly after the introduction of methicillin as a therapeutic option, the resistance was observed. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics is an important factor contributing to the emergence of new resistant strains. This pathogen has the ability to spread rapidly and asymptomatically among healthy individuals. Infections caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have reached a global share and are increasing in hospitals and community, including countries that previously had a low prevalence of MRSA history, exposing a significant diversity of clones identified. Outbreaks of infections caused by strains of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) have been reported worldwide, including Brazil, where there is currently an epidemic of CA-MRSA. The present article intends to review the molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its evolution, with a focus on the clones distributed in Brazil.

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Update on major clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonizing and/or infecting humans and its distribution in Brazil

Cadernos UniFOA ◽

10.47385/cadunifoa.v7.n19.1106 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (19) ◽

pp. 93-105

Author(s):

Thaina Miranda Da Costa ◽

Valéria Vieira ◽

Fábio Aguiar Alves

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Antibiotics Resistance ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Low Prevalence

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Liver Elastography in Healthy Children Using Three Different Systems – How Many Measurements Are Necessary?

Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound ◽

10.1055/a-1283-5906 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anders Batman Mjelle ◽

Anesa Mulabecirovic ◽

Roald Flesland Havre ◽

Edda Jonina Olafsdottir ◽

Odd Helge Gilja ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shear Wave ◽

Transient Elastography ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Liver Stiffness ◽

Shear Wave Elastography ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pediatric Liver Disease ◽

Liver Elastography

Abstract Purpose Liver elastography is increasingly being applied in screening for and follow-up of pediatric liver disease, and has been shown to correlate well with fibrosis staging through liver biopsy. Because time is of the essence when examining children, we wanted to evaluate if a reliable result can be achieved with fewer acquisitions. Materials and Methods 243 healthy children aged 4–17 years were examined after three hours of fasting. Participants were divided into four age groups: 4–7 years; 8–11 years; 12–14 years and 15–17 years. Both two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE; GE Logiq E9) and point shear wave elastography (pSWE; Samsung RS80A with Prestige) were performed in all participants, while transient elastography (TE, Fibroscan) was performed in a subset of 87 children aged 8–17 years. Median liver stiffness measurement (LSM) values of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 acquisitions were compared with the median value of 10 acquisitions (reference standard). Comparison was performed for all participants together as well as within every specific age group. We investigated both the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with absolute agreement and all outliers more than 10 %, 20 % or ≥ 0.5 or 1.0 kPa from the median of 10 acquisitions. Results For all three systems there was no significant difference between three and ten acquisitions, with ICCs ≥ 0.97. All systems needed 4 acquisitions to achieve no LSM deviating ≥ 1.0 kPa of a median of ten. To achieve no LSM deviating ≥ 20 % of a median of ten acquisitions, pSWE and TE needed 4 acquisitions, while 2D-SWE required 6 acquisitions. Conclusion Our results contradict recommendations of 10 acquisitions for pSWE and TE and only 3 for 2D-SWE.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of From Antihistamine to Anti-infective: Loratadine Inhibition of Regulatory PASTA Kinases in Staphylococci Reduces Biofilm Formation and Potentiates β-Lactam Antibiotics and Vancomycin in Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.735841348.793561891 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Quentin Vicens

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Resistant Strains

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Biological Evaluation of Selected 1,2,3-triazole Derivatives as Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Agents

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026620666200710104737 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (24) ◽

pp. 2186-2191

Author(s):

Lialyz Soares Pereira André ◽

Renata Freire Alves Pereira ◽

Felipe Ramos Pinheiro ◽

Aislan Cristina Rheder Fagundes Pascoal ◽

Vitor Francisco Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Biological Evaluation ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Community Environments ◽

Scanning Electron

Background: Resistance to antimicrobial agents is a major public health problem, being Staphylococcus aureus prevalent in infections in hospital and community environments and, admittedly, related to biofilm formation in biotic and abiotic surfaces. Biofilms form a complex and structured community of microorganisms surrounded by an extracellular matrix adhering to each other and to a surface that gives them even more protection from and resistance against the action of antimicrobial agents, as well as against host defenses. Methods: Aiming to control and solve these problems, our study sought to evaluate the action of 1,2,3- triazoles against a Staphylococcus aureus isolate in planktonic and in the biofilm form, evaluating the activity of this triazole through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) tests. We have also performed cytotoxic evaluation and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the biofilms under the treatment of the compound. The 1,2,3-triazole DAN 49 showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity (MIC and MBC 128 μg/mL). In addition, its presence interfered with the biofilm formation stage (1/2 MIC, p <0.000001) and demonstrated an effect on young preformed biofilm (2 MICs, p <0.05). Results: Scanning Electron Microscopy images showed a reduction in the cell population and the appearance of deformations on the surface of some bacteria in the biofilm under treatment with the compound. Conclusion: Therefore, it was possible to conclude the promising anti-biofilm potential of 1,2,3-triazole, demonstrating the importance of the synthesis of new compounds with biological activity.

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4H-1,3-Benzothiazin-4-one a Promising Class Against MDR/XDR-TB

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026619666190305130809 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 567-578 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marcus Vinicius Nora de Souza ◽

Thais Cristina Mendonça Nogueira

Keyword(s):

Treatment Time ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

New Drugs ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Synthesis Mechanism ◽

Highly Active ◽

Latent Disease ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Chemical Class ◽

Global Public Health Problem

Nowadays, tuberculosis (TB) is an important global public health problem, being responsible for millions of TB-related deaths worldwide. Due to the increased number of cases and resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to all drugs used for the treatment of this disease, we desperately need new drugs and strategies that could reduce treatment time with fewer side effects, reduced cost and highly active drugs against resistant strains and latent disease. Considering that, 4H-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one is a promising class of antimycobacterial agents in special against TB-resistant strains being the aim of this review the discussion of different aspects of this chemical class such as synthesis, mechanism of action, medicinal chemistry and combination with other drugs.

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Avaliação da Eficácia da Administração de Dexametasona ou Metilprednisolona para Produzir Osteoporose em Ratas/ Evaluating the Effectiveness of Dexamethasone or Methylprednisolone to Produce Osteoporosis in Rats

REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE ◽

10.21876/rcsfmit.v1i1.15 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Nilo César do Vale Baracho ◽

Alexandre Mata de Paula ◽

Roberto Franzini Junior ◽

Rogério Mariotto Bitetti da Silva ◽

Bruno Appolari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mass ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Bone Thickness ◽

Good Marker ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Control ◽

Successful Induction ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

De Medicina

Introdução: A osteoporose é considerada um grave problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo. No Brasil ainda não há dados estatísticos sobre a real incidência desta doença. Os glicocorticóides representam uma classe de drogas muito usada, sendo que podem influenciar significativamente a massa óssea. Entretanto, após tratamento com glicocorticóides em ratos, esses podem ou não apresentar alterações na massa óssea. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da administração de dexametasona ou metilprednisolona em produzir osteoporose em ratas. Métodos: Vinte e quatro ratas, oriundas do biotério da Faculdade de Medicina de Itajubá, foram utilizadas e divididas em três grupos: controle, metilprednisolona e dexametasona. Foram avaliados íons e proteínas totais sanguíneos e feita a análise histopatológica de tecido ósseo. Resultados e conclusão: Pela análise histológica da espessura trabecular óssea, houve redução da massa óssea dos grupos tratados com glicocorticóides em comparação com o grupo controle, evidenciando o sucesso da indução de osteoporose. Além disso, houve uma maior redução da massa óssea no grupo tratado com dexametasona, em comparação com o grupo tratado com metilprednisolona. A análise bioquímica de cálcio, fósforo, magnésio e proteínas totais não sofreram diferença significativa entres os grupos, não sendo um bom marcador para remodelamento ósseo e para diagnóstico de osteoporose.Evaluating the Effectiveness of Dexamethasone or Methylprednisolone to Produce Osteoporosis in RatsIntroduction: Osteoporosis is considered a serious public health problem in worldwide. In Brazil we do not have statistics on the real disease incidence. Glucocorticoids are a class of drugs widely used, and can significantly influence bone mass. However, after treatment with glucocorticoids in rats, these may or may not show changes in bone mass. Objective: Evaluating the effectiveness of dexamethasone or methylprednisolone to produce osteoporosis in rats. Methods: Twenty-four rats, originated from the vivarium of the Faculty of Medicine Itajubá were used and divided into three groups: control, methylprednisolone and dexamethasone. Ions was evaluated blood and histopathology of bone tissue. Results and conclusion: by histologic analysis of trabecular bone thickness, a reduction of the mass bone in the groups treated with glucocorticoids compared with the group control, demonstrating the successful induction of osteoporosis. Furthermore, there was a greater reduction in bone mass in the group treated with dexamethasone compared with the group treated with methylprednisolone. The analysis biochemistry of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and total protein did not undergo significant difference among the groups, there is a good marker for bone remodeling and osteoporosis diagnosis.

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