scholarly journals TREATMENT OF DOMESTIC WATER USING CERAMIC FILTER FROM NATURAL CLAY AND FLY-ASH

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
NASIR SUBRIYER
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Ceramic Filter ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Natural Clay ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Zn Content

<p>The declining water quality in Sriwijaya University has been caused by the presence of heavy metal contents such as Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) in the treatment and distribution of water. A simple method is proposed in this work to minimize the heavy metal content in water by using filtration technology. This research was carried out using ceramic filter made of 77.5% natural clay, 20% fly ash, and 2.5% iron powder. The results showed an increase in the quality of raw water that is in accordance with the requirement of drinking water standard. The rejection percentage of TDS, Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) content in feed water tended to be high and met the regulation number 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 for standards of drinking water in Indonesia.</p>

scholarly journals Integration of Iron Coagulant, Copperas and Calcium Hydroxide for Low-Cost Groundwater Treatment in Kelantan, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2869-2876
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Drinking Water Standard

In Kelantan, more than 70 % of domestic water is supplied by groundwater sources. These water sources are commonly contaminated and do not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standard and the Malaysian Ministry of Health (MMOH). This research's main objective is to study the performance of iron-based coagulants Ferrous Sulphate on its optimum dosage, formulation, and concentration. Series of jar tests are conducted by adding and comparing five different copperas solution concentrations from 15 % to 0.6 % into the 500 mL beaker. The prepared copperas solutions are combined with lime (calcium hydroxide), and the performance of with (copperas plus) and without lime are compared. The results obtained show that copperas plus has a far better performance compared to copperas solution. The copperas plus results comply with the drinking water standard for pH value (6.5-8.5) and turbidity (below 5 NTU). Copperas and turbidity removal efficiency are between 89% and 99%, while copperas has a lower range of turbidity removal efficiency, 72.9 % and 97.7 %. Most of the results obtained do not comply with the drinking water standard of iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) over 0.3 and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. However, the potential of copperas and copperas plus to treat domestic drinking water could be improvised by further studying its dosing effect on heavy metal content.

Trace Metal Soil Quality Criteria to Protect Ground Water

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2327-2329
Author(s):  
J. Lee ◽  
B. Chen ◽  
H. E. Allen ◽  
C. P. Huang ◽  
D. L. Sparks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

A major problem in site remediation is frequently the lack of appropriate standards for pollutants in soil. Lack of standards for an exposure route can result in subjective judgments regarding the extent of remediation needed. These problems are particularly important when considering the potential for groundwater contamination by inorganic materials. The partitioning of trace metals is highly dependent on the nature of the soil and on the solution pH. The maximum level of metal in soil for which the equilibrium soluble metal does not exceed the drinking water standard can be computed, at any pH, from the measured partition coefficient for any metal and soil. The sorption of cadmium and lead onto major types of New Jersey soil has been determined as a function of pH. As the pH decreased, the amount of adsorbed metal decreased. As is conventionally done, we have transformed these data into sorption coefficients (Kd) which are a function of pH. To apply such data in the decision making process, it is necessary to use the Kd and appropriate conditions of soil/groundwater in the environment. The calculation determines the maximum concentration of metal which will not result in exceedence of water quality standards. Thesecriteria can be used as a soil standard which will be protective of groundwater quality. We developed adsorption/desorption relationships in the form of a mathematical model and computed the maximum level of metal in soil for which the equilibrium soluble metal will not exceed the drinking water standards.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Zeolite from Fly Ash and Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Newly Synthesized Zeolite

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1200-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parag Solanki ◽  
Vikal Gupta ◽  
Ruchi Kulshrestha
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
13X Zeolite ◽  
Alkali Fusion ◽  
Type Zeolite ◽  
The Cost

Coal fly ash was used to synthesize X-type zeolite by alkali fusion followed by hydrothermal treatment. Characteristics of the various Fly ash samples were carried out. Coal proximate analysis was done. Batch experiment was carried out for the adsorption of some heavy metal ions on to synthesized Zeolite. The cost of synthesized zeolite was estimated to be almost one-fifth of that of commercial 13X zeolite available in the market.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Arsenic and Iron Removal Plants (AIRPs) for Groundwater Treatment in Rural Areas of Southwest Bangladesh

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Md. Aminur Rahman ◽  
Sazal Kumar ◽  
A. S. M. Fazle Bari ◽  
Abhishek Sharma ◽  
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Guideline Value ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Arsenic (As) removal plants were installed in As-endemic areas of Bangladesh to remove As from well water. In many cases, these removal plants did not perform satisfactorily. This study evaluated the efficiency of 20 As and iron (Fe) removal plants (AIRPs) during pre- and post-monsoon conditions in rural Bangladesh. Results revealed that As removal efficiencies ranged from 67% to 98% and 74 to 93% during the pre- and post-monsoons periods, respectively. In the post-monsoon season As removal at individual AIRP sites was on average (4.01%) greater than in the pre-monsoon season. However, two removal plants were unable to remove As below 50 µg L−1 (Bangladesh drinking water standard) during pre-monsoon, while 11 samples out of 20 were unable to remove As below the WHO provisional guideline value of 10 µg L−1. During post-monsoon, none of the samples exceeded 50 µg L−1, but eight of them exceeded 10 µg L−1. The Fe removal efficiencies of AIRPs were evident in more than 80% samples. Although As removal efficiency was found to be substantial, a cancer risk assessment indicates that hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR) of As in treated water for adults and children are above the threshold limits. Thus, additional reductions of As concentrations in treated water are needed to further reduce the excess cancer risk due to As in drinking water. Since 55% and 40% of the AIRPs were unable to remove As < 10 µg L−1 during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon, further improvement including changes in AIRP design, regular cleaning of sludge, and periodic monitoring of water quality are suggested. Future research is needed to determine whether these modifications improve the performance of AIRPs.

scholarly journals Pilot Study on the Combination of Different Pre-Treatments with Nanofiltration for Efficiently Restraining Membrane Fouling While Providing High-Quality Drinking Water

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Huiping Li ◽  
Weihai Pang ◽  
Baiqin Zhou ◽  
Tian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Treated Water

Nanofiltration (NF) is a promising post-treatment technology for providing high-quality drinking water. However, membrane fouling remains a challenge to long-term NF in providing high-quality drinking water. Herein, we found that coupling pre-treatments (sand filtration (SF) and ozone–biological activated carbon (O3-BAC)) and NF is a potent tactic against membrane fouling while achieving high-quality drinking water. The pilot results showed that using SF+O3-BAC pre-treated water as the feed water resulted in a lower but a slowly rising transmembrane pressure (TMP) in NF post-treatment, whereas an opposite observation was found when using SF pre-treated water as the feed water. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy determined that the O3-BAC process changed the characteristic of dissolved organic matter (DOM), probably by removing the DOM of lower apparent molecular weight (LMW) and decreasing the biodegradability of water. Moreover, amino acids and tyrosine-like substances which were significantly related to medium and small molecule organics were found as the key foulants to membrane fouling. In addition, the accumulation of powdered activated carbon in O3-BAC pre-treated water on the membrane surface could be the key reason protecting the NF membrane from fouling.

Removal of multifold heavy metal contaminations in drinking water by porous magnetic Fe2O3@AlO(OH) superstructure

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiulin Yang ◽  
Xueyun Wang ◽  
Yongqiang Feng ◽  
Guoqiang Zhang ◽  
Taishan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water

Evaluation of Cocomposted Coal Fly Ash on Dynamics of Microbial Populations and Heavy Metal Uptake

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vallini ◽  
F. Vaccari ◽  
A. Pera ◽  
M. Agnolucci ◽  
S. Scatena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Heavy Metal Uptake

Modes of transmission of rumen protozoa between mature sheep

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon H. Bird ◽  
R. S. Hegarty ◽  
R. Woodgate
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
Animal Contact ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate routes by which viable rumen ciliate-protozoa may be transferred between mature sheep. Feed, water and faecal material were tested as possible vectors for protozoal transfer in addition to direct animal to animal contact. In Experiment 1, protozoa-free sheep were either offered or orally dosed with protozoa-contaminated material or allowed contact with faunated animals. The treated sheep were then monitored over a 4-week period for the appearance of protozoa in the rumen. Protozoa were successfully transferred to protozoa-free animals via contaminated water but no transfer occurred via feed or faeces or by direct animal to animal contact. In Experiment 2, the drinking water of penned faunated sheep was found to become contaminated with protozoa within 4–6 h of being placed in the pen. In Experiment 3, nine protozoa-free sheep were grazed in a paddock with a flock of 75 faunated ewes for periods of 1–3 weeks, and protozoa became established in one protozoa-free sheep. The results of these studies suggest that the most likely mode of transfer of protozoal cells from one sheep to another is via water, rather than by rumen fluid contaminating feed, or from faeces of faunated sheep. Further tests are required to demonstrate protozoal transmission via water occur under a range of conditions and inoculum levels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document