scholarly journals Anti-diabetic and Anti-hypertensive Potential of Indigenous Edible plants of Qatar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahra ELObeid ◽  
Susanna Phoboo ◽  
Kalidas Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Soluble Phenolics ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Aizoon Canariense, Cynomorium Coccineum, Glossonema Edule, and Malva Parviflora, edible desert plants from Qatar, were selected to determine levels of phenolic bioactives and potential health benefits for managing early stages of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Aqueous extracts of C. Cocineum, contained soluble phenolics and had relatively high levels of antioxidant activity associated with α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and angiotensin- converting enzyme (ACE). G. Edule and M. Parviflora had moderate levels of anti-oxidant potential, soluble phenolics, and ACE inhibitory activity. The medicinal properties associated with C. Coccineum suggest the plant may have potential as a diet-based solution for combating, preventing, and managing the early stage of type 2 diabetes when coupled with an overall healthy life style and pharmacological management strategies.

scholarly journals Association between risk of type 2 diabetes and changes in energy intake at breakfast and dinner over 14 years: a latent class trajectory analysis from the China health and nutrition Survey, 1997–2011

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e046183
Author(s):  
Xiyun Ren ◽  
Jian Gao ◽  
Tianshu Han ◽  
Changhao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Diabetes Status

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between the trajectories of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).DesignCohort study.SettingThe study was conducted in China.ParticipantsA total of 10 727 adults, including 5239 men and 5488 women, with a mean age of 42.7±11.2 years and a mean follow-up time of 9.1 years, met the study criteria and completed a questionnaire about energy intake and diabetes status from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 1997–2011.Primary outcome measuresParticipants were divided into subgroups based on the trajectories of the ratio of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast. Cox multivariate regression models were used to explore the associations between different trajectories and the risk of T2D after adjustment for confounders and their risk factors. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the intermediary effect of triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), uric acid (UA) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) between the trajectories and the risk of T2D.ResultsFor energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast, compared with a low-stable trajectory, the adjusted HR of T2D in low-increasing from early-stage trajectory was 1.29 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.60). TG, TC, UA and ApoB were significantly higher in low-increasing from early-stage trajectory than other trajectories and play partial regulation roles between trajectories and T2D.ConclusionsThis study emphasised the harmful effect of a gradual increase in the ratio of energy consumption at dinner versus breakfast from early stage on the development of T2D and partially mediated by TG, TC, UA and ApoB, highlighting that it is necessary to intake more energy at breakfast compared with dinner to prevent T2D in adults.

scholarly journals Hyperinsulinemia and Its Pivotal Role in Aging, Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7797
Author(s):  
Joseph A. M. J. L. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Insulin Clearance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Clearance

For many years, the dogma has been that insulin resistance precedes the development of hyperinsulinemia. However, recent data suggest a reverse order and place hyperinsulinemia mechanistically upstream of insulin resistance. Genetic background, consumption of the “modern” Western diet and over-nutrition may increase insulin secretion, decrease insulin pulses and/or reduce hepatic insulin clearance, thereby causing hyperinsulinemia. Hyperinsulinemia disturbs the balance of the insulin–GH–IGF axis and shifts the insulin : GH ratio towards insulin and away from GH. This insulin–GH shift promotes energy storage and lipid synthesis and hinders lipid breakdown, resulting in obesity due to higher fat accumulation and lower energy expenditure. Hyperinsulinemia is an important etiological factor in the development of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and premature mortality. It has been further hypothesized that nutritionally driven insulin exposure controls the rate of mammalian aging. Interventions that normalize/reduce plasma insulin concentrations might play a key role in the prevention and treatment of age-related decline, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Caloric restriction, increasing hepatic insulin clearance and maximizing insulin sensitivity are at present the three main strategies available for managing hyperinsulinemia. This may slow down age-related physiological decline and prevent age-related diseases. Drugs that reduce insulin (hyper) secretion, normalize pulsatile insulin secretion and/or increase hepatic insulin clearance may also have the potential to prevent or delay the progression of hyperinsulinemia-mediated diseases. Future research should focus on new strategies to minimize hyperinsulinemia at an early stage, aiming at successfully preventing and treating hyperinsulinemia-mediated diseases.

Associations of Bone Mineral Density and Bone Metabolism Indices with Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Xiao-Mei Zhang ◽  
Ning Yuan ◽  
Xiao-Feng Yu ◽  
Li-Nong Ji
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Urine Albumin

Abstract Objective To identify correlations of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism indices with the urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) as an indicator of nephropathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods In this retrospective analysis, 297 patients with T2D were divided into 3 groups according to the urine ACR. Patients’ data were analyzed to identify associations of general conditions, blood glucose level, lipid levels, and uric acid level with BMD and bone metabolism indices. Results BMD at every location tested (femoral neck, trochanter, inside hip, Ward’s triangle, total hip, and lumbar vertebrae) was negatively correlated with the urine ACR (all p<0.05). Osteocalcin, beta-C-terminal telopeptide (β-CTX), and procollagen type 1 N- peptide (P1NP) were positively correlated with urine ACR (all p<0.05). Finally, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was negatively correlated with urine ACR (p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis with adjustment for age, body mass index, disease duration, and other clinical measurements revealed no significant correlation between urine ACR and BMD measurements or β-CTX (p>0.05). However, significant correlations remained between urine ACR and osteocalcin, P1NP, and 25(OH)D (p<0.05). The same results were obtained for postmenopausal women specifically, with the exception of a significant correlation between the ACR and β-CTX (p<0.05). Conclusion In the early stage of diabetic nephropathy, BMD changes and bone transformation acceleration may occur, and the acceleration of bone transformation may occur before the change in BMD. Therefore, it is important to monitor bone metabolism indices in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy in T2D patients.

Pharmacological Management of Type 2 Diabetes Complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-103
Author(s):  
Michael Doumas ◽  
Konstantinos Imprialos ◽  
Konstantinos Stavropoulos ◽  
Vasilios G. Athyros
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Complications ◽  
Pharmacological Management

scholarly journals User Experience and Potential Health Effects of a Conversational Agent-Based Electronic Health Intervention: Protocol for an Observational Cohort Study

10.2196/16641 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e16641
Author(s):  
Marian Z M Hurmuz ◽  
Stephanie M Jansen-Kosterink ◽  
Harm op den Akker ◽  
Hermie J Hermens
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Observational Cohort

Background While the average human life expectancy has increased remarkably, the length of life with chronic conditions has also increased. To limit the occurrence of chronic conditions and comorbidities, it is important to adopt a healthy lifestyle. Within the European project “Council of Coaches,” a personalized coaching platform was developed that supports developing and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Objective The primary aim of this study is to assess the user experience with and the use and potential health effects of a fully working Council of Coaches system implemented in a real-world setting among the target population, specifically older adults or adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus or chronic pain. Methods An observational cohort study with a pretest-posttest design will be conducted. The study population will be a dynamic cohort consisting of older adults, aged ≥55 years, as well as adults aged ≥18 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus or chronic pain. Each participant will interact in a fully automated manner with Council of Coaches for 5 to 9 weeks. The primary outcomes are user experience, use of the program, and potential effects (health-related factors). Secondary outcomes include demographics, applicability of the virtual coaches, and user interaction with the virtual coaches. Results Recruitment started in December 2019 and is conducted through mass mailing, snowball sampling, and advertisements in newspapers and social media. This study is expected to conclude in August 2020. Conclusions The results of this study will either confirm or reject the hypothesis that a group of virtual embodied conversational coaches can keep users engaged over several weeks of interaction and contribute to positive health outcomes. Trial Registration The Netherlands Trial Register: NL7911; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/7911 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/16641

Possibilities of Multislice Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Atheroclerotic Lesions of the Main Vessels for Type 2 Diabetes and Other Variants Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
E Praskurnichiy ◽  
E Ionova ◽  
I Begunova ◽  
A Knyazev
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Multislice Computed Tomography ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics

Purpose: Study of structural and morphological features of atherosclerotic lesions of large main vessels (carotid arteries) in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and methods: The study included 78 patients. Exclusion criteria: age under 40 years, pregnancy, acute infectious diseases, as well as chronic diseases within less than 2 weeks from the onset of complete clinical and laboratory remission, severe cardiac (LVEF < 30 %) and renal (blood creatinine > 300 mmol/l) insufficiency, alcohol abuse or drug dependence. There were 44 men (56.4 %) and 34 women (43.6 %) in the group surveyed. Coronary heart disease was detected in 54 (69.2 %) individuals, 24 (30.8 %) of the examined individuals had no signs of coronary heart disease; 19 (24.4 %) people had a history of stroke, 18 (23 %) people — myocardial infarction. 42 people (53.8 %) had dyscirculatory encephalopathy of various degrees, 34 (43.6 %) had hypertension, 42 patients had carbohydrate metabolism disorders, 12 (15.3 %) patients had type 2 diabetes, and 30 (38.4 %) patients had metabolic syndrome. Three groups of subjects were formed. The group of people without metabolic syndrome included 48 people (61.5 % of the total number of examined). The group of people with metabolic syndrome without type 2 diabetes included 18 individuals (23.1 % of the total number of examined). The group of people with type 2 diabetes included 12 individuals (15.4 % of the total number of examined). The examination of patients included: physical examination; laboratory diagnostics; electrocardiography; transthoracic echocardiography; multislice computed tomography with angiocontrast. Results: 78 patients were found to have different density of atherosclerotic plaques. There were no differences in volume among the groups of people surveyed. In patients with type 2 diabetes, there is a decrease in the lipid-fibrous component and an increase in the density of atherosclerotic plaque. Conclusion: Multislice computed tomography can detect various forms of vascular damage, the progression of the process, and assess the severity of structural and morphological manifestations of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome at an early stage.

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