scholarly journals IMPACT OF CURRENTLY ADOPTED NUTRITIONAL TRENDS ON SUDANESE HEALTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Haghamad Allzain Mohamed Bulla
Keyword(s):  
Linear Growth ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Traditional Diets

Food items reflect the culture and tradition of any nation and respond to national and global demographic, social and economic changes. Sudanese as old African nation has rich and distinct nutritional heritage represent the traditional Sudanese diets which able to serve the nutritional requirement of linear growth of body and the brain for centuries. The present century has witnessed unprecedented globalization in term of mobilization of individuals and commodities with dramatic cultural changes. As direct result of such events, as elsewhere, western style of energy dense refined food items replaced the centuries’ long traditional nutrients and fibers dense diets. The aim of this article is to evaluate effects of shifting from traditional diets to the modern adopted food items on Sudanese health, as there are increasing discrepancy of neonatal physical parameters and rising incidence of obesity and non-communicable diseases. The study concluded that increasing urbanization and shifting from the traditional diets has grave consequences on human health in Sudan, with increasing incidence of low birth weight, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension as detail in the main text of this article.

scholarly journals A neurobehavioral study on the efficacy of price interventions in promoting healthy food choices among low socioeconomic families

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tannista Banerjee ◽  
Veena Chattaraman ◽  
Hao Zou ◽  
Gopikrishna Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Given the healthcare costs associated with obesity (especially in childhood), governments have tried several fiscal and policy interventions such as lowering tax and giving rebates to encourage parents to choose healthier food for their family. The efficacy of such fiscal policies is currently being debated. Here we address this issue by investigating how behavioral and brain-based responses in parents with low socioeconomic status change when rebates and lower taxes are offered on healthy food items. We performed behavioral and brain-based experiments, with the latter employing electroencephalography (EEG) acquired from parents while they shop in a simulated shopping market as well as follow up functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the more restricted scanner environment. Behavioral data show that lower tax and rebate on healthy foods increase their purchase significantly compared to baseline. Rebate has a higher effect than lower tax treatment. From the EEG and fMRI experiments, we first show that healthy/unhealthy foods elicit least/maximal reward response in the brain, respectively. Further, by offering lower tax or rebate on healthy food items, the reward signal for such items in the brain is significantly enhanced. Second, we demonstrate that rebate is more effective than lower tax in encouraging consumers to purchase healthy food items, driven in part, by higher reward-related response in the brain for rebate. Third, fiscal interventions decreased the amount of frontal cognitive control required to buy healthy foods despite their lower calorific value as compared to unhealthy foods. Finally, we propose that it is possible to titrate the amount of tax reductions and rebates on healthy food items so that they consistently become more preferable than unhealthy foods.

Karakalpak Family Ritualism: The Bes Kiyim Custom in the Transformation of Traditional Culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
Z. I. Kurbanova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Married Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
The Republic

This study describes the bridal and funerary rite of exchanging clothes (Bes Kiyim – ‘Five Costumes’) in the context of the traditions and innovations in the Karakalpak culture. On the basis of fi eld data collected in 2014–2019 and earlier in places with a continuous or patchy distribution of the Karakalpak population (Chimbaysky, Karauzyaksky, Kegeyliysky, Nukussky, Khodzheyliysky, and the Takhiatashsky districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Republic of Uzbekistan) and of earlier sources, changes in ritualism are analyzed. Bridal rites include exchanges of gifts, such as items of clothing. The comparison of sources shows that the Bes Kiyim rite originated in the mid-20th century in the context of socio-cultural changes. It has remained rather stable up to the present time, being an integral part of Karakalpak bridal ritualism. This indicates its importance in the normative culture of that ethnic group. In one district of Karakalpakstan, the term Bes Kiyim was transferred from the bridal to the funerary rituals. The origin of the rite relates to the transformation of the Iyis custom—the distribution of the deceased person’s clothing among those participating in the ablution of the body. In the late 20th century, specially purchased items of clothing began to be used for that purpose. Apparently, the fi ve items distributed among those participating in the rite symbolize the deceased person’s transition to the ancestors’ world. By the same token, the bride’s fi ve outfi ts allude to her passage to the category of married women and the beginning of her marital life. Therefore, the ritual innovations of the Karakalpaks, caused by socio-cultural and economic changes, mirror the logic and content of traditional family festivals whose complex symbolism relates to status change.

HISTORICAL MEMORY IN RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS: RUSSIAN RESEARCHERS’ VIEW

2018 ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Oksana Vladimirovna GOLOVASHINA
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Symbolic Resource ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Religious Aspects

The relevance of the research of historical memory in religious movements is due to the modern temporal transformation and the need to study the problem of translation of the previous generations experience in the conditions of permanent socio-cultural changes. The purpose of the work involves the study of problems related to the mechanisms of historical memory in religious movements. On the basis of the studied sources, the importance of discussions about the definition of religion and post-secular/desecularization for the research of historical memory is substantiated. It is shown that religious experience is influenced by social processes, so it is necessary to take into account the socio-cultural dynamics, as well as political and economic changes in the evaluation and analysis of the religious aspects of historical memory. We analyze how these discussions influenced the assessment of changes in the role of religious institutions, as well as the transformation of the content of images of historical memory and religious practices. It is proved that the historical memory for religious movements can act as a symbolic resource, but the experience gained in the religious sphere is also regularly used by other communities. Particularly interesting is the mutual influence of the political and religious spheres, which were separately analyzed in the framework of our research. It is proved that the problems of the research of religious aspects of historical memory coincides with the main trends of memory studies.

The Dilemmas of Male Consumption in Nineteenth-Century Argentina: Fashion, Consumerism, and Darwinism in Domingo Sarmiento and Juan B. Alberdi

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-795
Author(s):  
ADRIANA NOVOA
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Luxury Consumption ◽  
Darwinian Revolution ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Categories ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article explores how the relationship between luxury, consumption and gender in Argentina changed in response to the introduction of Darwinian ideas. Ideas surrounding consumerism were transformed by the 1870s, influenced by a scientific revolution that gave new meaning to gender categories. The introduction of Darwinism at a time of extreme ideological confusion about how to organise the nation only enhanced the perceived dangers about how economic changes and the expansion of markets would affect elites' ability to govern. The article focuses specifically on changing perceptions of gender and consumerism between 1830 and 1880, paying particular attention to the work of two of the most important intellectuals of the Generación del '37, Juan B. Alberdi and Domingo F. Sarmiento. By closely examining their reflections on the expansion of markets and accumulation of luxury goods, it reveals the nature of the cultural changes introduced by the Darwinian revolution.

The influence of the brain hormone on retention of blood in the mid-gut of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) III. The involvement of the ovaries and ecdysone

1979 ◽  
Vol 205 (1160) ◽  
pp. 411-421 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Corpus Cardiacum ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
The Brain

Most female mosquitoes require a blood-meal in order to produce mature oöcytes. An egg development neurosecretory hormone (EDNH), which is produced in the medial neurosecretory cells (m. n. c.) of the brain and stored in the corpus cardiacum, is released into the haemolymph following the ingestion of blood and is essential for the promotion of ovarian development to maturity. It has been shown that a factor from the m. n. c., presumably EDNH, is necessary if the blood-meal is to be retained in the mid-gut until the oöcytes approach maturity. The present paper shows that retention is not a direct result of the action of EDNH, but is dependent on the ovaries and may well involve ecdysone. Removal of the ovaries before a blood-meal leads to early haem-defaecation, but delay can be restored by injection of ecdysterone. Sub-threshold feeders and mosquitoes decapitated immediately after the intake of blood, each of which would be expected to eliminate the blood-meal early, also show a delay in the onset of haem-defaecation when injected with ecdysterone. Further, both in ovariectomized insects and sub-threshold feeders the time of onset of haem-defaecation is associated with the dose of ecdysterone given.

scholarly journals Augmenting Jurisdiction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Thomas Pye
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Google Glass ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Simulated Environments ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
The University

<p>Augmenting jurisdiction is a hypothetical scenario I have created, to explore what impact Mixed Reality (MR) could have on the Environmental Court of Aotearoa (EVC A). This Thesis has two equal sides of exploration; Physical and Virtual. The ‘Physical’ in this instance is the hierarchy and organisation of the Environmental Courts of Aotearoa and the ‘Virtual’ are the components and concepts of Mixed Reality.  Stage One of the research is exploring the Physical - hierarchy, technological and organisational requirements of EVC A, as set of out by the Ministry of Justice and Courts NZ . Within this stage of research I explore the statutory bodies, resource management act and the compositional structure of the judicial system. I also explore the variable of the Virtual - the concept of MR, as set out by Prof. Paul Milgram, Ph.D., P.Eng. from the ETC lab at the University of Toronto. It explores technologies that are currently under research and development and are not necessarily available to the general public. However these products contain the possibilities for what I am proposing in this paper. Exploring the capabilities of MR delves into products such as “Google Glass” or other Head Mounted Displays (HMD), Heads Up Display (HUD), both material and immaterial video display and graphic simulated environments.  Stage Two is extrapolation and interpretation of the Physical and the Virtual constructs. The data from Stage One regulated how I approached the design. The model created in Stage Two is a direct result of the contraints colated in Stage One and the physical parameters of the old Ministry of Defense building, 15 -21 Stout St, Wellington. Stage Two was completed with computer aided design so" ware from companies such as Autodesk, Adobe and others.  Stage Three - Exogesis - reflection and evaluation. This stage was to culminate my ideas and research.  I would like to thank you for reading this thesis and hope you have a nice day :)></p>

scholarly journals Vegetarians’ and Omnivores’ Affective and Physiological Responses to Food

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric C Anderson ◽  
Jolie B. Wormwood ◽  
Lisa Feldman Barrett ◽  
Karen Quigley
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Making Meaning ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Bodily States ◽  
The Brain

Many vegetarians report that meat is unpleasant, but little else is known about their affective responses to meat and non-meat foods. Here we explored affective responses to food in vegetarians and omnivores and tested the hypothesis that vegetarians have global differences in affective processing (e.g., increased disgust sensitivity). We presented pictures of different food items and recorded participants’ affective experience while we recorded peripheral physiology. We found that vegetarians' self-reported experience of meat was less pleasant than omnivores’, but that other food items were equally pleasant across the two groups. Moreover, vegetarians and omnivores had strikingly similar physiological responses to all food stimuli--including meat. We interpret these results from a psychological constructionist perspective, which posits that individuals conceptualize changes in their bodily states in ways that match their beliefs, such that increased sympathetic nervous system activity may be conceptualized as an experience of excitement about a delicious meat meal for omnivores but as an experience of displeasure for a vegetarian who believes meat is cruel, wasteful, impure, or unhealthy. This interpretation is consistent with emerging neuroscience evidence that the brain constructs experience by predicting and making meaning of internal sensations based on past experience and knowledge.

scholarly journals Apathy Is Related to Cognitive Control and Striatum Volumes in Prodromal Huntington’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (05) ◽  
pp. 462-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria B. Misiura ◽  
Jennifer Ciarochi ◽  
Jatin Vaidya ◽  
Jeremy Bockholt ◽  
Hans J. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Motor Symptom ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Preclinical Phase ◽  
The Brain

AbstractObjectives: Apathy is a debilitating symptom of Huntington’s disease (HD) and manifests before motor diagnosis, making it an excellent therapeutic target in the preclinical phase of Huntington’s disease (prHD). HD is a neurological genetic disorder characterized by cognitive and motor impairment, and psychiatric abnormalities. Apathy is not well characterized within the prHD. In previous literature, damage to the caudate and putamen has been correlated with increased apathy in other neurodegenerative and movement disorders. The objective of this study was to determine whether apathy severity in individuals with prHD is related to striatum volumes and cognitive control. We hypothesized that, within prHD individuals, striatum volumes and cognitive control scores would be related to apathy. Methods: We constructed linear mixed models to analyze striatum volumes and cognitive control, a composite measure that includes tasks assessing with apathy scores from 797 prHD participants. The outcome variable for each model was apathy, and the independent variables for the four separate models were caudate volume, putamen volume, cognitive control score, and motor symptom score. We also included depression as a covariate to ensure that our results were not solely related to mood. Results: Caudate and putamen volumes, as well as measures of cognitive control, were significantly related to apathy scores even after controlling for depression. Conclusions: The behavioral apathy expressed by these individuals was related to regions of the brain commonly associated with isolated apathy, and not a direct result of mood symptoms. (JINS, 2019, 25, 462–469)

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of a Ketogenic Diet in Children and Adolescents with Refractory Epilepsy—A Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Wells ◽  
Arun Swaminathan ◽  
Jenna Paseka ◽  
Corrine Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Modified Atkins Diet ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
The Brain

Epilepsy in the pediatric and adolescent populations is a devastating condition where individuals are prone to recurrent epileptic seizures or changes in behavior or movement that is the direct result of a primary change in the electrical activity in the brain. Although many children with epilepsy will have seizures controlled with antiseizure medications (ASMs), a large percentage of patients are refractory to drug therapy and may consider initiating a ketogenic diet. The term Ketogenic Diet or Ketogenic Diet Therapy (KDT) refers to any diet therapy in which dietary composition results in a ketogenic state of human metabolism. Currently, there are 4 major Ketogenic diet therapies—the classic ketogenic diet (cKD), the modified Atkins diet (MAD), the medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet (MCTKD) and the low glycemic index treatment (LGIT). The compositions of the 4 main KDTs differ and limited evidence to distinguish the efficacy among different diets currently exists. Although it is apparent that more randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and long-term studies are needed to evaluate efficacy, side effects and individual response to the diet, it is imperative to study and understand the metabolic profiles of patients with epilepsy in order to isolate which dietary restrictions are necessary to maximize clinical benefit.

scholarly journals The Drosophila lethal(2)giant larvae tumor suppressor protein is a component of the cytoskeleton.

1994 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 1345-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Strand ◽  
I Raska ◽  
B M Mechler
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Cell Junctions ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Cell Fractionation ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Cytoskeleton Organization ◽  
Cell Growth And Differentiation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Confocal And Electron Microscopy

Tumor suppressor genes act as recessive determinants of cancer. In Drosophila these genes play a role in normal development and are essential for regulating cell growth and differentiation. Mutations in the gene, lethal(2)giant larvae, l(2)gl, besides causing malignant tumors in the brain and imaginal discs, generate developmental defects in a number of other tissues. Much of the uncertainty regarding the function of the l(2)gl gene product, p127, results from a lack of knowledge as to the precise location of this protein in the cell. We have investigated the cellular and subcellular localization of p127, using confocal and electron microscopy as well as biochemical and cell fractionation procedures. Our analyses indicate that p127 is located entirely within the cell in both the cytoplasm and bound to the inner face of lateral cell membranes in regions of cell junctions. On the membrane, p127 can form large aggregates which are resistant to solubilization by nonionic detergents, indicating that p127 is participating in a cytoskeletal matrix. These findings suggest that the changes in cell shape and the loss of apical-basal polarity observed in tumorous tissues are a direct result of alterations in the cytoskeleton organization caused by l(2)gl inactivation and also suggest that p127 is involved in a cytoskeletal-based intercellular communication system directing cell differentiation.

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