scholarly journals NUMERICAL ANALISIS OF THE STRAINS AND STRESS STATES REINFORCED CLAY BRICK MASONRY WALLS HORIZONTALLY SHEARED

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 20-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Jasiński
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Horizontal Shear ◽  
Interface Elements ◽  
Smooth Bars ◽  
Strain Relationship ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Reinforced Clay ◽  
Masonry Units

This paper presents the results: stress and strain of bed joints mortar, masonry units, reinforcement bars and mechanism of cracking of numerical simulations using ANSYS of reinforced brick wall in the horizontal shear. Willam-Warnke (WW-5) failure criterion for mortar and bricks and Huber-Mises-Hencky (HMH) plasticity surface for bed joints steel reinforcement (steel smooth bars and truss type reinforcement) has been used. Coulomb-Mohr (CM) criterion in the contact surfaces of mortar and bricks have been used in the interface elements. Numerical calculations showed satisfactory convergence of research in the patterns of cracking; and the load-strain relationship was similar to the results of research with regard only to the cracking time. Destructive force numerical models Hu,cal correspond to the forces observed at the first cracks in the walls Hu,mv. Reduction of transverse and longitudinal deformation of mortar bed joints have been reported in the immediate vicinity of the bars, and the reduction of the main stress of the bricks is reported in the case of the use reinforcement.

scholarly journals Use of the AE Effect to Determine the Stresses State in AAC Masonry Walls under Compression

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3459
Author(s):  
Radosław Jasiński ◽  
Krzysztof Stebel ◽  
Paweł Kielan
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Acceptable Error ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Deformation State ◽  
Hydrostatic Stresses ◽  
Stress States ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Masonry Units

Safety and reliability of constructions operated are predicted using the known mechanical properties of materials and geometry of cross-sections, and also the known internal forces. The extensometry technique (electro-resistant tensometers, wire gauges, sensor systems) is a common method applied under laboratory conditions to determine the deformation state of a material. The construction sector rarely uses ultrasonic extensometry with the acoustoelastic (AE) method which is based on the relation between the direction of ultrasonic waves and the direction of normal stresses. It is generally used to identify stress states of machine or vehicles parts, mainly made of steel, characterized by high homogeneity and a lack of inherent internal defects. The AE effect was detected in autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), which is usually used in masonry units. The acoustoelastic effect was used in the tests described to identify the complex stress state in masonry walls (masonry units) made of AAC. At first, the relationships were determined for mean hydrostatic stresses P and mean compressive stresses σ3 with relation to velocities of the longitudinal ultrasonic wave cp. These stresses were used to determine stresses σ3. The discrete approach was used which consists in analyzing single masonry units. Changes in velocity of longitudinal waves were identified at a test stand to control the stress states of an element tested by the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The analyses involved density and the impact of moisture content of AAC. Then, the method was verified on nine walls subjected to axial compression and the model was validated with the FEM micromodel. It was demonstrated that mean compressive stresses σ3 and hydrostatic stresses, which were determined for the masonry using the method considered, could be determined even up to ca. 75% of failure stresses at the acceptable error level of 15%. Stresses σ1 parallel to bed joints were calculated using the known mean hydrostatic stresses and mean compressive stresses σ3.

Experimental cyclic response assessment of partially grouted reinforced clay brick masonry walls

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 3127-3152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristián Sandoval ◽  
Sebastián Calderón ◽  
José Luis Almazán
Keyword(s):  
Response Assessment ◽  
Brick Masonry ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Cyclic Response ◽  
Reinforced Clay

scholarly journals Numerical Verification of Interaction between Masonry with Precast Reinforced Lintel Made of AAC and Reinforced Concrete Confining Elements

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Drobiec ◽  
Radosław Jasiński ◽  
Wojciech Mazur ◽  
Tomasz Rybraczyk
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Yield Criterion ◽  
Numerical Verification ◽  
Interface Elements ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
Rankine Criterion ◽  
Masonry Units

This paper describes results of numerical analyses of reinforced lintels made of autoclaved aerated concrete built into unconfined walls and walls confined with reinforced concrete. The combination of the Menétrey–Willam elastic-plastic failure criterion (M-W-3) and the Rankine criterion was used for numerical analysis of masonry. The parameters were determined by laboratory tests. Rebars were modelled using the Huber–Mises–Hencky yield criterion. The numerical model included interface elements att the interface between masonry units, at interfaces between reinforced concrete and masonry, and at interfaces between elements of test stands with a model using the Coulomb–Mohr (C-M) criterion. The majority of parameters of interface elements were assumed from laboratory tests. Results of numerical analysis were compared with laboratory tests. Results of numerical analysis and experiments were compatible in the range of load-carrying capacity of models and the failure method.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Seismic Strengthening of Confined Masonry Walls Using RPC

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Shuming Li ◽  
Zhenli Wu ◽  
Fanyang Bu ◽  
Fei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Retrofitting ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Confined Masonry ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Lateral Strength ◽  
Cracking Pattern ◽  
Strengthening Technique ◽  
Reactive Powder ◽  
Effective Reinforcement ◽  
Masonry Units

Masonry structures without effective reinforcement are vulnerable to seismic excitation. An innovative strengthening technique was proposed for damaged and undamaged masonry walls. Six confined masonry units with two aspect ratios were tested under in-plane lateral cyclic loading, which consisted of two control walls, two original walls strengthened with reactive powder concrete (RPC-1), and two damaged walls repaired with RPC (RPC-2). The results of the specimens retrofitted with RPC demonstrated that the proposed technique significantly enhanced the seismic performance of masonry walls in terms of lateral strength, ductility, and energy dissipation. Furthermore, the two repaired specimens had a better distributed cracking pattern than the two strengthened specimens. The analysis of the results leads to a better understanding of the effect and mechanism of RPC seismic retrofitting for confined masonry walls.

Finite element analysis of soil–steel structures

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisham Hafez ◽  
George Abdel-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Nonlinear Behaviour ◽  
Construction Simulation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Interface Elements ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Strain Relationship

The present paper introduces some improvements in the finite element analysis of soil–steel structures. It applies two-noded spring-type interface elements and accounts for the compaction effects during construction simulation. The analyses are performed in increments using a hyperbolic stress–strain relationship for the nonlinear behaviour of the soil and take into account the shear or tension failure in the soil elements. Also, a combination of constant and compatible linear strain elements for soil is used to increase the accuracy of the analysis around the conduit while keeping the storage requirement and computation time for the numerical solution manageable.The analytical results show satisfactory agreement with those obtained experimentally. They also show that the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) provisions overestimate the thrust due to live load and underestimate the thrust due to dead load. A better comparison is found with the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code (OHBDC).

scholarly journals Behaviour of Masonry Walls under Horizontal Shear in Mining Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 022047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Kadela ◽  
Marek Bartoszek ◽  
Jan Fedorowicz
Keyword(s):  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Horizontal Shear ◽  
Mining Areas

scholarly journals In-Plane Behaviour of Masonry Walls: Numerical Analysis and Design Formulations

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5780
Author(s):  
Thomas Celano ◽  
Luca Umberto Argiento ◽  
Francesca Ceroni ◽  
Claudia Casapulla
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Failure Loads ◽  
Modelling Approaches

This paper presents the results of several numerical analyses aimed at investigating the in-plane resistance of masonry walls by means of two modelling approaches: a finite element model (FEM) and a discrete macro-element model (DMEM). Non-linear analyses are developed, in both cases, by changing the mechanical properties of masonry (compressive and tensile strengths, fracture energy in compression and tension, shear strength) and the value of the vertical compression stress applied on the walls. The reliability of both numerical models is firstly checked by means of comparisons with experimental tests available in the literature. The analyses show that the numerical results provided by the two modelling approaches are in good agreement, in terms of both failure loads and modes, while some differences are observed in their load-displacement curves, especially in the non-linear field. Finally, the numerical in-plane resistances are compared with the theoretical formulations provided by the Italian building code for both flexural and shear failure modes and an amendment for the shape factor ‘b’ introduced in the code formulation for squat walls is proposed.

scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of Historic Masonry Structures

2016 ◽  
pp. 27-68
Author(s):  
Panagiotis G. Asteris ◽  
Vasilis Sarhosis ◽  
Amin Mohebkhah ◽  
Vagelis Plevris ◽  
L. Papaloizou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Component ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Historic Masonry ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Masonry Units ◽  
Joint Material

The majority of historical and heritage structures around the world consist of unreinforced masonry walls. A masonry structure is composed of masonry units, such as brick or marble blocks, with or without a joint filling material, such as mortar. A masonry with a joint material is usually made of two different materials (i.e. masonry units and mortar), representing a non-homogeneous and anisotropic structural component. In other words, masonry is a discontinuous structural component whose deformations and failure mechanism are governed by its blocky behavior. Some ancient masonry structures, such as ancient columns and colonnades, are constructed without any form of joint material between the individual blocks. Therefore, the isotropic elastic continuum-based models are not suitable for the simulation of the real nonlinear behavior of masonry walls under applied load.

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