scholarly journals RESULTS OF FIELD RESEARCHES OF PELLETED BUCKWHEAT SEEDS WITH ORGANIC FERTILIZERS BASED ON HUMIC ACIDS WITH SUBSTANTIATION OF CONSTRUCTIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF CENTRIFUGAL PELLETER WITH BLADE REFLECTOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365
Author(s):  
V. R. Petrovets ◽  
D. A. Mikheev
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acids ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Presowing Treatment ◽  
Seed Crops

One can obtain high yields of crops only when seeds with high varietal and sowing qualities are used for sowing. Various methods of presowing processing are used to improve the seed quality. Presowing seed treatment not only improves germination, but also eliminates seeds from pathogens, significantly increases their viability and improves young crops yield. One of the most promising ways of presowing treatment of small and irregular shape seeds is pelleting. This method helps to increase the seeds size and acquire a spherical shape, which greatly simplifies their sowing and allows to accurately observe the seeding rate. The paper presents design of a centrifugal pelleter with blade reflector, the results of studying the process of buckwheat seeds pelleting, and its best design and technological parameters are determined based on those when organic fertilizers based on humic acids were used as material for pelleting. Factors significantly affecting seed pelleting in a centrifugal pelleter with blade reflector were determined, the choice of objective function and criterion for improving the process are substantiated. A dependence describing the process of seed pelleting in a pelleter was obtained as a result of the regression analysis of the obtained results of experimental studies. The obtained results can be used in the field of crop production in agricultural production during presowing treatment of small seed crops and agricultural engineering during development of centrifugal pelleters with blade reflectors.

DISEASES AND PESTS OF GRASS SEED CROPS

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
R.E. Falloon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Seed Crops

This paper will discuss the diseases and pests that affect grass seed production. In order to put the diseases and pests into perspective, the principlesof grass seed production will be considered. The components of yield of any crop for which seed is the product are: number of plants per unit area; number of inflorescences per plant; number of seeds per inflorescence; seed weight, Many factors can influence these components, for example: (1) crop establishment (cultivation, seed quality, seeding rate, sowing time, soil moisture and fertility can all affect numbers of plants) (2) crop growth (soil moisture, fertility, grazing and weeds can affect crop growth and influence numbers of inflorescences and numbers and weight of seeds).

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE BAISHESHEK BARLEY GRAIN PROCESSED BY THE ION-OZONE MIXTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 239-258
Author(s):  
Аuyelbek IZTAYEV ◽  
Torebek BAIBATYROV ◽  
Tarbiye MUKASHEVA ◽  
Bayan МULDABEKOVA ◽  
Маdina YAKIYAYEVA
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Factorial Design Of Experiments

The article presents the results of an experimental study of Baisheshek barley grain treated with an ion ozone mixture. This study aims to develop an innovative technology for processing barley with an ion-ozone mixture in order to increase their technological parameters, yield, quality, and grain safety. Kazakhstan has sharply increased the export of barley, and all agronomists, producers, and breeders are actively moving to the cultivation of this crop, while increasing production, productivity, improving product quality, reducing their losses and ensuring storage safety are an urgent task. Microorganisms play an important role during storage, they fall into crop production in a variety of ways, and if they fall into unfavorable storage conditions after harvesting, crop production quickly deteriorates, harmful substances such as toxins, mold, and others accumulate in it, which reduces the commodity value. To solve these problems, experimental studies were conducted on barley of the Baisheshek cultivar treated with an ion-ozone mixture with and without using excess pressure (cavitation). The calculated full-factorial design of experiments of the 23 (8 experiments) and 24 (16 experiments) degrees made it possible to obtain regression equations describing the change in the seed, physico-biochemical, and physiological properties of barley of the Baisheshek variety. The solution of a comprehensive model for optimizing programming for different barley indices made it possible to establish optimal technological processing modes and achievable levels of technological qualities of grain. The effect of the proposed technology for ion-ozone and ion-ozone cavitation treatment is the ion-ozone mixture, which produces deodorization, disinfection of grain, following chemical-physical processes, increases biological value, accelerates the processes of grain metabolism. Studies conducted to improve germination, viability, and growth strength show a reasonably clear picture in terms of their ultimate value. Phenological observations showed that the effects of ion-ozone and ion-ozone cavitation treatment is triggered after 25-30 days. It was found that the greatest tendency for superiority is observed with ion-ozone cavitation treatment, followed by ion-ozone, and the control sample is significantly behind.

scholarly journals The Results of the Laboratory Studies of Harvesting the White Lupine by a Stripper Header with Fingers for Large Seed Crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-393
Author(s):  
Nikolay V. Aldoshin ◽  
Maxim A. Mosyakov
Keyword(s):  
Flow Line ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Complete Collection ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Large Seed ◽  
White Lupine ◽  
Seed Crops

Introduction. Agricultural machinery and devices used for harvesting white lupines do not provide a complete collection of seeds, which leads to the violation of agricultural requirements for the harvesting of leguminous crops. It is necessary to find new technological and technical solutions to reduce losses of seeds during this process. The most perspective solution to the problem of white lupine harvesting is the application of industrial flow line technology together with the improvement of the method to comb standing plants by a stripper header. Materials and Methods. The article presents the design of a laboratory setup with experimental working bodies, which allows simulating the process of harvesting white lupines by separating the seed part of plants in the field. The empirical method based on the theory of multi-factor experiment was used to substantiate the parameters and operating modes of the stripper header with fingers for large seed crops. The algorithm and results of experimental studies to determine the completeness of seed collection are presented. Results. The results of the laboratory studies of the stripper header with fingers for largeseeded crops to determine the qualitative indicators for the completeness of the collection of white lupine seeds are presented. It is determined that the maximum completeness of seed collection is 99.5%. Discussion and Conclusion. In studying the technological process of harvesting white Degas lupine seeds by a combing header with fingers for large-seeded crops under laboratory conditions, the physical and mechanical properties of plants were experimentally studied, their morphological characteristics were clarified, and the regimen-technological parameters of the harvesting header were determined to ensure seed loss within agrotechnical requirements (0.5%).

scholarly journals Efficiency of pelleting of sugar beet seeds in centrifugal pelleting machine

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-372
Author(s):  
V. R. Petrovets ◽  
D. A. Mikheyeu ◽  
V. P. Gnilozub
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Domestic Variety ◽  
Finished Mixture

Seed pelleting is an efficient way to improve the sowing quality of seeds. Diverse positive effect of pelleting is mostly noticeable for beet seeds. Increased size and spherical shape of seeds with shell allows to use precision seeding technology, as well as fertilizers and protective agents being part of the shell, increase their sowing potential and finally increase yields. To obtain pelleted seeds, it is required to use a specialized line with a seed pelleting machine being the main equipment. An improved design of centrifugal batch-operated seed pelleting machine has been developed and manufactured in Belarusian State Agricultural Academy. To activate the process of rolling the shell in the mixing chamber of the pelleting machine, it was proposed to use separately installed blades. Based on theoretical and experimental studies, the main structural and technological parameters of the pelleting machine has been determined to ensure the highest quality of pelleted seeds. Seeds of sugar beet of the domestic variety “Polybel” obtained in a favorable climate were selected for experimental studies. Finished mixture based on bentonite clay was selected as a filler of the seed coat. After the coat formation, the insect-fungicidal dressing agent Prestige was applied to the seeds. The seeds of sugar beet of the domestic variety “Polybel” obtained on experimental pelleting machine showed high results in germination and yield. They are comparable to imported sugar beet hybrids. Pelleting of seeds of domestic varieties of sugar beet on the territory of the Republic of Belarus can become a good alternative to imported pelleted seeds, especially considering their cost, which significantly exceeds the cost of untreated seeds.

A possibility of using nickel concentrate, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-containing raw materials, at steel alloying

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-715
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kichigina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Nickel Recovery ◽  
Nickel Concentrate ◽  
Steel Alloying ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Comprehensive Processing

At production of stainless steel expensive alloying elements, containing nickel, are used. To decrease the steel cost, substitution of nickel during steel alloying process by its oxides is an actual task. Results of analysis of thermodynamic and experimental studies of nickel reducing from its oxide presented, as well as methods of nickel oxide obtaining at manganese bearing complex raw materials enrichment and practice of its application during steel alloying. Technology of comprehensive processing of complex manganese-containing raw materials considered, including leaching and selective extraction out of the solution valuable components: manganese, nickel, iron, cobalt and copper. Based on theoretical and experiment studies, a possibility of substitution of metal nickel by concentrates, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment, was confirmed. Optimal technological parameters, ensuring high degree of nickel recovery out of the initial raw materials were determined. It was established, that for direct steel alloying it is reasonable to add into the charge pellets, consisting of nickel concentrate and coke fines, that enables to reach the through nickel recovery at a level of 90%. The proposed method of alloying steel by nickel gives a possibility to decrease considerably steel cost at the expense of application of nickel concentrate, obtained out of tails of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-bearing raw materials, which is much cheaper comparing with the metal nickel.

Effect of Nanobionics in crop production- A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinayak Fasake ◽  
Nita Patil ◽  
Zoya Javed ◽  
Mansi Mishra ◽  
Gyan Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
New Era ◽  
Mineral Toxicity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Favourable Situation ◽  
Unique Chemical ◽  
Macro Nutrients

: Nanobionics involves the improvement of plant or plant productivity using nanomaterials. Growth of a plant from a seed encompasses various factors which are directly or indirectly dependent upon the imbibition of micro and macro nutrients and vital elements from the soil. Since most of the nutrition is physiologically unavailable to the plants, it leads to mineral deficiencies in plant and mineral toxicity in soil. Either ways, it is not a favourable situation for the microcosom. The new era of nanotechnology offers a potential solution to the availability of the nutrients to the plants due to its unique chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles. Positive and negative impact of these nanoparticles on seed quality and plant growth varies according to the specific properties of nanoparticles. The present review is an attempt to summarize the impact of nanobionics in agriculture.

Effects of cereal rye seeding rate on waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) emergence and soybean growth and yield

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Mandy Bish ◽  
Brian Dintelmann ◽  
Eric Oseland ◽  
Jacob Vaughn ◽  
Kevin Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Growing Seasons

Abstract The evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds has resulted in the necessity to integrate non-chemical control methods with chemicals for effective management in crop production systems. In soybean, control of the pigweed species, particularly herbicide-resistant waterhemp and Palmer amaranth, have become predominant concerns. Cereal rye planted as a winter cover crop can effectively suppress early-season weed emergence in soybean, including waterhemp, when planted at a rate of 123 kg ha−1. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of different cereal rye seeding rates (0, 34, 56, 79, 110, and 123 kg ha−1) on early-season waterhemp suppression and soybean growth and yield. Soybean was planted into fall-seeded cereal rye, which was terminated within four days of soybean planting. The experiment was conducted over the 2018, 2019, and 2020 growing seasons in Columbia, Missouri. Effects of cereal rye on early-season waterhemp suppression varied by year and were most consistent at 56 kg ha−1 or higher seeding rates. Linear regression analysis of cereal rye biomass, height, or stand at soybean planting showed inverse relationships with waterhemp emergence. No adverse effects to soybean growth or yield were observed at any of the cereal rye seeding rates relative to plots that lacked cereal rye cover. Result differences among the years suggest that the successfulness of cereal rye on suppression of early-season waterhemp emergence is likely influenced by the amount of waterhemp seed present in the soil seed bank.

Effect of varying seeding rates on hybrid and conventional summer rape performance in Manitoba

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Van Deynze ◽  
P. B. E. McVetty ◽  
R. Scarth ◽  
S. R. Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Matter Production

To compare the effects of varying seeding rate on the agronomic performance, phenology and seed quality of hybrid and conventional summer rape cultivars, four hybrid and two conventional summer rape cultivars were seeded at 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 9.0 kg ha−1 at two locations for 3 yr. The hybrid cultivars were, very importantly, 24% higher yielding and produced 50% more total dry matter than the conventional cultivars. The hybrid cultivars were, on average, 1.3% lower in seed oil content, 1.0% higher in seed protein content and equal in sum of oil and protein in the seed compared with the conventional cultivars. The hybrid cultivars were on average, 1.3 d later to 50% flowering and 1.1 d later to maturity than the average for the conventional cultivars, (i.e., equal or earlier to flowering and maturity than Regent). The hybrid cultivars were also 3.9% lower in harvest index and 1.3 ppm lower in chlorophyll content than the conventional cultivars. In spite of these differences, there were no significant cultivar-by-seeding-rate interactions, indicating that the hybrid and conventional cultivars responded similarly to varying seeding rate. Lodging, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, harvest index, survival, oil content and protein content displayed significant linear responses to varying seeding rate. Stand at maturity, seed yield and total dry matter production displayed significant linear and quadratic responses to varying seeding rate. Varying seeding rate had no effect on seed formation period, the sum of oil and protein content, or chlorophyll content. A seeding rate of 6 kg ha−1 maximized seed yield for both hybrid and conventional summer rape cultivars.Key words: Brassica napus, canola, seed quality, agronomy, phenology

scholarly journals Alternative procedure for the cold test for soybean seeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Guilherme Torres Licursi Vieira ◽  
Roberval Daiton Vieira ◽  
Francisco Carlos Krzyzanowski ◽  
José de Barros França Neto
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Alternative Procedure ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Paper Towel ◽  
Traditional Procedure ◽  
Seed Crops

The growing demand for high quality soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seeds requires a precise seed quality control system from the seed industry. One way to accomplish this is by improving vigor testing. Cold test has been traditionally employed for corn seeds. However, it has also been used for other seed crops such as cotton (Gossypium spp.), soybean (Glycine Max), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum). This study was carried out with the objective of adjusting an alternative procedure for the cold test to determine soybean seed vigor. Six commercial soybean seed lots of the cultivar BRS 133 were used. The physiological potential of the seed lots was evaluated by germination on paper towel and sand box, seedling field emergence, tetrazolium, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity tests. Seed moisture content was also determined. The temperature used for the cold test procedures was 10ºC during five days. Four cold test procedures were evaluated: i) plastic boxes with soil; ii) rolled paper towel with soil; iii) rolled paper towel without soil, and iv) an alternative procedure, using rolled paper towel without soil under cold water. A completely randomized experimental design with eight replications was used and the means were compared by the Tukey test (p = 0.05). To verify the dependence between the alternative test and others single linear correlation was used. All cold test procedures had similar coefficients of variation (CV), highlighting that rolled paper towel with soil and the alternative procedure had the best performance, with an average of 94% and 93% normal seedlings and CV of 3.2% and 3.6%, respectively. The alternative procedure has satisfactory results for estimating soybean seed vigor, yielding consistent results compared to the traditional procedure.

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