scholarly journals GROWTH AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF Ulva prolifera MAINTAINED AT DIFFERENT FLOW RATES IN INTEGRATED AQUACULTURE SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-441
Author(s):  
Wastu Ayu Diamahesa ◽  
Toshiro Masumoto ◽  
Dedi Jusadi ◽  
Mia Setiawati
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ulva Prolifera ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Integrated Aquaculture ◽  
Aquaculture System ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
The Impact

Efforts to reduce the impact of waste improvement on degradation of water quality can be transferred by utilization of inorganic waste as a source of seaweed nutrition. This study aimed to determine the growth and protein content of Ulva prolifera maintained at different flow rates in integrated aquaculture system. 9 Yellowtail stocked with 5.095 g with an average weight of 566.11±81.51 g were kept in 540 L tank for 24 days, by water flowing at the rate of 10 L min-1. Water from the fish tank was distributed into the sediment tank and go to 6 Ulva tanks with the flow rate of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 L min-1. Test parameters measured were growth performance of Yellowtail, biomass of Ulva prolifera, protein content of Ulva prolifera, and total ammonia nitrogen. The measurement results showed that the biomass of fish increased to 5.408 g, then biomass of Ulva increased to 42 g, 156 g and 155 g for flow rate of 0.5 L, 1 L and 1.5 L min-1, respectively. The protein content of Ulva for all the treatments was the same (P> 0.05). A total of ammonia in the tank outlet of Ulva (0.0202 - 0.1137 mg N L-1) were smaller than those were in the inlet (0.0286 - 0.1394 mg N L-1).

scholarly journals KEPADATAN OPTIMUM UNTUK MENUNJANG TINGKAT KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP BENIH IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) PADA TRANSPORTASI SISTEM TERTUTUP

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mas Bayu Syamsunarno ◽  
Muh Kholik Maulana ◽  
Forcep Rio Indaryanto ◽  
Mustahal Mustahal
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Chanos Chanos ◽  
Optimum Density ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Total Ammonia

Abstract: This research aims to determine the optimum density in closed system transportation of milkfish juvenile. Milkfish juveniles used in the research had an average weight 1.48±0.12 g. The study consisted of several stages, namelydetermining the ability to fast fish, determining the level of oxygen consumption, determining the rate of excretion of total ammonia nitrogen and determining the optimum density in transportation for 48 hours.The treatments were performed differences in the density of 100, 150, 200, and 250 fish/L using polyethylene plastic size 35x50 cm and styrofoam size of 75 × 43 × 40 cm.The results showed the seed fish can survive and swim actively for 7 days without feeding with oxygen consumption rate as much as 2640 mgO2 and TAN excretion rate 0.1200 mg/L. The different treatment of density had an effect on the survival rate of milkfish juvenile. The optimal density for transportation of milkfish juvenile size 1.48 ± 0.12 g in a closed transportation system with a time of 48 hours is 150 juvenile/L with a 100% survival rate. At the density 250 juvenile/L, the can be done with a long time of 30 hours and resulted in a survival rate above 99%.  Keyword: Chanos chanos, Density, Transportation closed system, Survival rate, Water Quality Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kepadatan optimal dan lama waktu dalam transportasi sistem tertutup benih ikan bandeng.Benih ikan bandeng yang digunakan memiliki bobot rata-rata 1,48±0,12g. Penelitian terdiri dari beberapa tahap, yaitu penentuan ketahanan ikan tanpa diberi makan, tingkat konsumsi oksigen, laju ekskresi total amoniak nitrogen dan kepadatan optimal benih ikan bandeng dalam transportasi selama 48 jam. Perlakuan yang dilakukan perbedaan kepadatan yaitu 100, 150, 200, dan 250 ekor/L dengan menggunakan plastik polyetylen (PE) ukuran 35x50 cm dan styrofoam ukuran 75×43×40 cm.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan benih ikan bandeng mampu bertahan hidup dan berenang aktif selama 7 hari pemuasaan ikan dengan tingkat konsumsi oksigen sebanyak 2640 mgO2 dan laju ekskresi TAN 0,1200 mg/L.Perlakuan perbedaan kepadataan berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan hidup benih ikan bandeng.Kepadatan optimal untuk transportasi benih ikan bandeng ukuran 1,48±0,12 g/ekor pada sistem transportasi tertutup selama 48 jam adalah 150 ekor/L dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup 100%. Pada kepadatan 250 ekor/L, transportasi dapat dilakukan dengan lama waktu 30 jam dan menghasilkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup di atas 99%. Kata Kunci: Ikan bandeng, Kepadatan, Kualitas Air, Transportasi sistem tertutup, Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup

Effect of Formula Type and Preparation on International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative Thickness Level and Milk Flow Rates From Bottle Teats

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 260-265
Author(s):  
Britt F. Pados ◽  
Victoria Feaster
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Thin Liquids ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Formula Type

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of infant formula type and preparation (i.e., ready-to-feed vs. powder) on International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) thickness level and milk flow rates from bottle teats/nipples. Method The ready-to-feed and powder formulations of the following products were tested for IDDSI thickness level, using IDDSI guidelines, and for milk flow rate, using established flow testing methods: Similac Advance, Similac For Spit-Up, Enfamil Infant, and Enfamil A.R. Analysis of variance was used to compare flow rates among formula types/preparations. Results Enfamil A.R. ready-to-feed was classified as IDDSI “slightly thick.” All other formula types/preparations were found to be IDDSI “thin” liquids. The standard infant formulas (Similac Advance and Enfamil Infant) had comparable flow rates to each other, regardless of preparation (ready-to-feed and powder). The gastroesophageal reflux–specific formulas (Similac For Spit-Up and Enfamil A.R.) had slower flow rates than the standard formulas; within this category, there were significant differences in flow rates between ready-to-feed and powder. Enfamil A.R. powder had the slowest flow rate, but was the most variable. Conclusion For infants with difficulty coordinating sucking, swallowing, and breathing, clinicians and parents should consider the impact that changes to infant formula type and preparation may have on the infant's ability to safely feed.

Assessment of the impact of water parameters on the flow rate of ceramic pot filters in a long-term experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1425-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Salvinelli ◽  
A. C. Elmore
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Initial Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Poor water quality is a major contributing factor to disease in developing countries. Silver-coated ceramic pot filters (CPFs) are a relatively common form of household water treatment system (HWTS) representing an effective and sustainable technology for poor communities. Water production seems to be the major limiting factor of the CPF's lifetime and sustainability since low flow rates do not produce an adequate daily volume of treated water. This paper describes a long-term study of CPF flow rates under controlled conditions using three different water sources. The relationship between water characteristics and flow rate was assessed with the intent of identifying the principal parameters that impact CPF water production. The study concluded that turbidity seems to be the principal indicator in determining CPF lifetime in terms of quantity of treated water. There is no evidence that biological activity also contributes to premature failure of CPFs and the data did not indicate that chemical precipitation is responsible for the filter clogging. Manufacturers commonly conduct initial flow rate tests using clear water as a measure of quality assurance. However, the relationship between initial flow rate and average flow rate during the lifetime of the CPF should be further studied.

Experimental Study on Discharge Coefficients of Windward Window in Buildings with Wind-Driven Cross Ventilation

2014 ◽  
Vol 1008-1009 ◽  
pp. 1061-1067
Author(s):  
Qiao Ning Wang ◽  
Yan Ling Guan ◽  
Qi Hai Liao
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Discharge Coefficient ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Discharge Coefficients ◽  
Window Opening ◽  
Static Pressure Difference ◽  
Window Area ◽  
The Impact

Focus on the prediction of flow rates in buildings under natural ventilation, the investigation conducted a series of model rooms with cross ventilation. The impact of window-wall ratios, windows configurations as well as corresponding flow rates was investigated. The object of this investigation is to analyze characteristics of windward window opening discharge coefficient by measuring static pressure difference and the flow rate through windows. The conclusion are as follows: For large openings, the discharge coefficient of windward window opening increases as the window-wall ratio grows up; With windward window-wall ratio of 44.4% and 11.1%, the discharge coefficient of windward openings is almost irrelevant to flow rate and less affected by leeward window area; However, with windward window-wall ratio of 2.78%, the discharge coefficient increases slightly as flow rate rises, and the larger the area of leeward opening is, the smaller the discharge coefficient of windward opening becomes.

scholarly journals Experimental study of in-situ W/O emulsification during the injection of MgSO4 and Na2CO3 solutions in a glass micromodel

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Sepideh Palizdan ◽  
Hossein Doryani ◽  
Masoud Riazi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Malayeri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Glass Micromodel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Emulsification Process

In-situ emulsification of injected brines of various types is gaining increased attention for the purpose of enhanced oil recovery. The present experimental study aims at evaluating the impact of injecting various solutions of Na2CO3 and MgSO4 at different flow rates resembling those in the reservoir and near wellbore using a glass micromodel with different permeability regions. Emulsification process was visualized through the injection of deionized water and different brines at different flow rates. The experimental results showed that the extent of emulsions produced in the vicinity of the micromodel exit was profoundly higher than those at the entrance of the micromodel. The injection of Na2CO3 brine after deionized water caused the impact of emulsification process more efficiently for attaining higher oil recovery than that for the MgSO4 brine. For instance, the injection of MgSO4 solution after water flooding increased oil recovery only up to 1%, while the equivalent figure for Na2CO3 was 28%. It was also found that lower flow rate of injection would cause the displacement front to be broadened since the injected fluid had more time to interact with the oil phase. Finally, lower injection flow rate reduced the viscous force of the displacing fluid which led to lesser occurrence of viscous fingering phenomenon.

scholarly journals Retrofitting Sea Cucumber Nursery Tanks to Recirculating Aquaculture Systems for Highly Intensive Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9478
Author(s):  
Yishuai Du ◽  
Jianping Xu ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Fudi Chen ◽  
Tianlong Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Nitrite Nitrogen ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems ◽  
Total Ammonia

Designing good recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) is challenging in shrimp aquaculture. In this study, two sets of RASs were constructed using sea cucumber nursery tanks for rearing Litopenaeus vannamei. Recirculating aquaculture was supported by key technologies such as sewage collection and aeration systems adapted to the rectangular tanks and technologies for the removal of sewage, shrimp shells, and dead individuals. Six-hundred and eighty-five thousand juveniles were selected for rearing in the newly constructed RASs, where the average stocking density was 1013 shrimp/m3. During the recirculating aquaculture period of 53 days, the water temperature of the tanks was 24–31 °C, the salinity was 25–32‰, the pH was 6.4–8.2, the DO was ≥ 4.9 mg/L, the concentration of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) was maintained between 0.17 and 4.9 mg/L, the concentration of nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N) was between 0.12 and 4.7 mg/L, and the total number of Vibrio bacteria remained between 330 and 9700 cfu/mL. At the end of the experiment, the final average weight of individual shrimp was 13.43 g, and the average yield reached 12.92 kg/m3. The great improvement in growth performance marks a breakthrough in RAS technology of shrimp, and it supports the use of an innovative methodology for the retrofitting and utilization of idle sea cucumber nursery tanks.

The association of E. coli and soil particles in overland flow

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Muirhead ◽  
R.P. Collins ◽  
P.J. Bremer
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Soil Particles ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Saturation Excess

The removal of E. coli from overland flow under saturation-excess runoff conditions was investigated in experimental field plots that were 1 m wide and 5 m long. Variation in the attenuation of bacteria and distance transported was quantified under contrasting flow conditions. In addition, the impact of soil tillage upon microbial attenuation was examined by comparing results derived from grassed plots (intact) with those subject to tillage with the soil left bare (cultivated). For intact plots subjected to a flow of 2 L/min, 27% of the E. coli in the flow was removed after 5 m with removal following a logarithmic function with respect to distance. For the higher flow rates of 6 L/min and 20 L/min, no attenuation trend was observed over this distance. E. coli removal during flow across the cultivated plots was significantly greater compared to the intact plots. This was attributed to a greater infiltration rate in the cultivated plots (due to the tillage) which promoted a greater volume of flow to pass through the soil matrix, providing the opportunity for filtration and adsorption of microbes. Logarithmic trends with respect to distance were observed for all flow rates tested on the cultivated plots (2, 6 and 20 L/min). Total removal after 5 m at a flow rate of 2 L/min was 41% and again removal efficiency decreased as the flow rate increased. Analysis of the transported state of the E. coli revealed that the bacteria were being transported predominantly in particles less than 20 μm in diameter and were not attached to large (dense) soil particles. The limited removal (<50%) of bacteria from overland flow under saturation-excess runoff conditions in these experiments appeared, therefore, to be primarily due to a lack of settling or deposition. Instead, most bacteria remained entrained within the overland flow down the length of the plots.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplementation of a Mixture of Saponin-Rich Plants to Reduce Ammonia-Nitrogen Excretion in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Paul Engler ◽  
Pierre Caillis ◽  
Samuel Voller ◽  
Laura Labrie
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Yucca Schidigera ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
The Impact

The intensification in aquaculture production leads to increasing attention on the management of ammonia from its waste. Natural solutions such asYucca schidigeraextracts have shown beneficial effects. Their origin (harvested from the wild), however, call for alternative and equally efficient solutions in order to increase the sustainability of their production. In this work, juvenile Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) were supplemented with different doses of a commercial mixture of saponin-rich plants (Norponin® OPTI, CTL: 0ppm, D1: 100ppm, D2: 500ppm and D3: 2500ppm). The impact on water quality was monitored, with a particular attention to total ammonia excretion (TAN). TAN was significantly reduced in treatments D1 and D2 compared to the control and D3 treatments (p<0.05). Overall, the present study demonstrates that a supplementation with low doses of the feed additive (100 or 500ppm) induced beneficial effects on TAN management.

scholarly journals The Role of Filter with Different Media Compositions on Water Quality and Survival of Pangasius (Pangasius sp.) in Recirculation Aquaculture System

Omni-Akuatika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Ariska Nur Oktavia ◽  
Sri Hastuti ◽  
Dicky Harwanto
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Aquaculture System ◽  
Mechanical Filter ◽  
Recirculation Aquaculture System

The high market demand for Pangasius (Pangasius sp.) has encouraged farmers to adopt a cultivation system with high stocking densities and high feeding rates. This causes fish farming waste to increase and ammonia in the waters also increases, resulting in a decrease in water quality. One of the efforts to overcome this problem is by using Recirculation Aquaculture System (RAS). This study aims to examine the effect of filters with different media compositions in RAS of Pangasius. Test fish, average weight of 4.59 g, kept for 30 days in aquarium with a density of 1.15 g.L-1. The feed is given at satiation, twice a day. There were five treatments and four replications during study. The treatments were the difference composition of filter media, i.e. A (100% zeolite), B (25% net + 75% zeolite), C (50% net + 50% zeolite), D (75% net + 25% zeolite), and E (100% net). Dacron was used as a mechanical filter in all treatments. The results showed that the composition of different filter materials had a significant effect (P <0.05) on Survival Rate (SR), Total Amount of Feed Fed (TFF), Relative Growth Rate (RGR), and Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE). The best performance was showed by media biofilter composition of 25% nets + 75% zeolite, with the value of VTR (Volumetric Total Ammonia Nitrogen Removal) were 55.45-66.32 g.m-3.day-1, SR was 93.75%; TFF was 124.84 g; RGR was 2.13%.day-1, and FCE was 46.87%. Various different compositions of net and zeolite as filter media on RAS were able to manage TAN below tolerance limit.Keywords: catfish, recirculation system, filter composition, dacron, net, zeolite.

scholarly journals Response of the Meltwater Erosion to Runoff Energy Consumption on Loessal Slopes

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Wang ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Jingming Hou ◽  
Zhanbin Li ◽  
Zongping Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Slope ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Soil Erosion Rate ◽  
The Impact

Soil properties are influenced by freeze-thaw, which in turn influences soil erosion. Despite this, only a few studies have investigated the impacts on soil hydrodynamic processes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of soil freezing conditions on runoff, its energy consumption, and soil erosion. A total of 27 laboratory-concentrated meltwater flow experiments were performed to investigate the soil erosion rate, the runoff energy consumption, and the relationship between the soil erosion rate and runoff energy consumption by concentrated flow under combinations of three flow rates (1, 2, and 4 L/min) and three soil conditions (unfrozen, shallow-thawed, and frozen). The individual and combined effects of soil condition, flow rate, and runoff energy consumption on the soil erosion rate were analyzed. For the same flow rate, the shallow-thawed and frozen slope produced mean values of 3.08 and 4.53 times the average soil erosion rates compared to the unfrozen slope, respectively. The number of rills in the unfrozen soil slope were 4, 3, and 2 under the flow rate of 1, 2, and 4 L/min, respectively. The number of rills in the thawed-shallow and frozen soil slope were all 1 under the flow rate of 1, 2, and 4 L/min. The rill displayed disconnected distribution patterns on the unfrozen slope, but a connected rill occurred on the shallow-thawed and frozen slopes. The average rill width on unfrozen, thawed-shallow, and frozen soil slopes increased by 1.87 cm, 4.38 cm, and 1.68 cm as the flow rate increased from 1 L/min to 4 L/min. There was no significant difference in the rill length on the frozen slope under different flow rates (p > 0.05). The runoff energy consumption ranged from unfrozen > shallow-thawed > frozen slopes at the same flow rate. The soil erosion rate had a linear relationship with runoff energy consumption. The spatial distribution of the runoff energy implied that soil erosion was mainly sourced from the unfrozen down slope, shallow-thawed upper slope, and frozen full slope.

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