scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN SUHU LINGKUNGAN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS TERNAK SAPI PERAH MELALUI PENDEKATAAN STOCHASTIC FRONTIER (Study Kasus di Peternakan Rakyat KUTT Suka Makmur)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Dela Harini ◽  
Bagus Priyo Purwanto ◽  
Suryahadi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small Holder

This study observed environmental temperature and rearing management of dairy cattlein KUTT Suka Makmur. This research was aimed to evaluate comparison of environment temperature, productivity, and the technic inefficiency dairy cattle in lowland and highland. Datacollected from 40 respondents in lowland and 40 respondents in highland regions. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier production. The results showed that temperatures in the lolands were higher than that of highland, at the range of 24-27 oC, socattle experiencing heat stress, the impact was cattle consumedless feed. In contrast, the highlands temperature relatively low, at range of22-24 oC and produce more milk than that of lowland. The significant variabel of stochastic frontier was herd size about -0.2655 (p<0.10) and -0.2180 (p<0.02) in lowland and highland respectively. Increasing the number of cattle in small holder farms was not efficiencs, due to the increasing in a number of forages and consentrat for the cattle.

scholarly journals Milk production, mortality, and economic parameters in the context of heat-stressed dairy cattle.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (062) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Vriezen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
The Impact

Abstract As climate change progresses, higher temperatures and longer periods of extreme weather are likely to increasingly impact the production and health of dairy cattle, in turn affecting farm-level profits and economic decision-making. This review identifies and summarizes the currently available research on the effect of climate-related heat stress or heat stress mitigation measures on milk yield, mortality, and economic parameters on dairy farms. A scoping review approach was adopted to map the volume, range, and characteristics of the existing body of evidence and to identify research gaps. Through a comprehensive search, 286 studies published between 2010 and 2020 were identified and underwent data extraction and analysis. These studies were conducted in 46 countries, and encompassed both research and non-research herds as well as simulation models. The Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) was the most common indicator of heat stress, although a range of atmospheric, physiological, and descriptive indicators were used. Three-quarters of these studies examined at least one heat stress mitigation strategy, such as genetic manipulations, mechanical interventions, and diet manipulation. Approximately 97% of studies evaluated the impact of heat stress on milk yield, and 10% of studies examined at least one economic parameter. Research gaps exist in the analysis of economic parameters related to heat stress in dairy cattle. Given the urgent and increasing nature of climate challenges, additional economic analyses of the effects of heat stress in dairy cattle are needed to inform production and animal health decisions in a rapidly changing environment.

scholarly journals Resilience of Small Ruminants to Climate Change and Increased Environmental Temperature: A Review

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleena Joy ◽  
Frank R. Dunshea ◽  
Brian J. Leury ◽  
Iain J. Clarke ◽  
Kristy DiGiacomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is a major global threat to the sustainability of livestock systems. Climatic factors such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, direct and indirect solar radiation and wind speed influence feed and water availability, fodder quality and disease occurrence, with production being most efficient in optimal environmental conditions. Among these climatic variables, ambient temperature fluctuations have the most impact on livestock production and animal welfare. Continuous exposure of the animals to heat stress compromises growth, milk and meat production and reproduction. The capacity of an animal to mitigate effects of increased environmental temperature, without progressing into stress response, differs within and between species. Comparatively, small ruminants are better adapted to hot environments than large ruminants and have better ability to survive, produce and reproduce in harsh climatic regions. Nevertheless, the physiological and behavioral changes in response to hot environments affect small ruminant production. It has been found that tropical breeds are more adaptive to hot climates than high-producing temperate breeds. The growing body of knowledge on the negative impact of heat stress on small ruminant production and welfare will assist in the development of suitable strategies to mitigate heat stress. Selection of thermotolerant breeds, through identification of genetic traits for adaption to extreme environmental conditions (high temperature, feed scarcity, water scarcity), is a viable strategy to combat climate change and minimize the impact on small ruminant production and welfare. This review highlights such adaption within and among different breeds of small ruminants challenged by heat stress.

scholarly journals Cellular and Molecular Adaptation of Bovine Granulosa Cells and Oocytes under Heat Stress

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Khan ◽  
Muhammad Zahoor Khan ◽  
Saqib Umer ◽  
Ibrar Muhammad Khan ◽  
Huitao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stressed Animal ◽  
Regulate Body Temperature ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Heat stress has long been recognized as a challenging issue that severely influences the reproductive functions of dairy cattle, disrupting oocyte development during fetal growth. These detrimental effects of heat stress are the result of either the hyperthermia associated with heat stress or the physiological adjustments made by the heat-stressed animal to regulate body temperature. In addition, elevated temperatures have been implicated in increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Thus, understanding the impact of heat stress on reproductive functions, from a cellular to molecular level, might help in selecting heat-resilient dairy cattle and developing heat stress mitigation strategies. In the present paper, we have attempted to describe the changes in the reproductive system and function of dairy cattle in response to heat stress by reviewing the latest literature in this area. The review provides useful knowledge on the cellular and genetic basis of oocyte and granulosa cells in heat-stressed dairy cattle, which could be helpful for future research in this area.

The Impact of Mild Heat Stress and Lameness on the Time Budgets of Dairy Cattle

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel B Cook ◽  
Rebecca L Mentink ◽  
Thomas B Bennett ◽  
Karl Burgi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Mild Heat ◽  
The Impact

The impact of heat stress on the immune system in dairy cattle: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bagath ◽  
G. Krishnan ◽  
C. Devaraj ◽  
V.P. Rashamol ◽  
P. Pragna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
The Impact

Instant Insights: Heat stress in dairy cattle

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
The Impact

This specially curated collection features four reviews of current and key research on heat stress in dairy cattle. The first chapter outlines technologies to breed for more heat tolerant dairy cattle, exploiting either between or within breed genetic variation in the trait. It discusses future perspectives on the use of different tools to achieve accelerated improvements of this important trait. The second chapter discusses breeding goals and multi-trait selection to balance production and non-production traits. It considers newer breeding objectives such as ensuring that cattle can adapt to a changing climate, including breeding for heat tolerance. The third chapter reviews challenges facing smallholder dairy farmers in Asia. These include the impact of high temperatures and humidity on milk yield, reproductive efficiency and animal health. The chapter places these challenges in the context of the broader economic constraints faced by smallholders and how they can be overcome. The final chapter highlights constraints in improving smallholder dairy production in Sub-Saharan Africa. Issues include developing breeds balancing yield with resilience to local climatic conditions. The chapter reviews ways of Improving breeding and productivity, as well as broader organisational support.

PSXIII-22 Heat stress in north central Mexico and time of exposure to it, measured by the Environmental Temperature Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 437-438
Author(s):  
Rafael Rodriguez-Martinez ◽  
César A Meza-Herrera ◽  
Rafael Rodriguez-Venegas ◽  
Pedro Antonio Robles-Trillo ◽  
Jesús Salvador Rivas-Madero
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
North Central ◽  
High Solar Radiation ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Abstract The Temperature Humidity Index (THI) is the most used to identify the risk of heat stress for dairy cattle, which is based on the environmental temperature (ºC) and humidity (%), and of which they are currently considered 68 points as the threshold for high producing dairy cows. In the Comarca Lagunera, located in north central Mexico, 21% of the Mexican dairy production is generated annually, despite its environmental conditions characterized by temperatures up to 41.5 ° C in the summer, low relative humidity and high solar radiation. The objective was to identify the average number of days in which a THI ≥68 is reached per month in each season of the year with 1, 8 and 16 h of exposure in dairy farms of the region, for which, the information recorded every 10 min was analyzed daily in five farms for 6 years (2015–2020), using the DiGiTH ™ application (DiGiTH Technologies, Mexico) and through ANOVA (proc GLM; SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC, USA), to identify differences seasonal for this variable. The attached table shows that spring and summer were the seasons in which the highest number of average days per month were recorded, and winter in which the fewest days were recorded. Regarding the hours of exposure, it is observed that spring and summer are very similar in 1 and 8 hours of exposure, while for autumn and winter a clearer decrease is observed according to the hours of exposure for these seasons. These results indicate a very marked seasonal variability and in terms of the hours of exposure, which should be considered in order to adopt the measures to reduce the negative effects for the dairy cattle of the region.

scholarly journals Nutritional Physiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Cattle under the Influence of Heat Stress: Consequences and Opportunities

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Sammad ◽  
Ya Jing Wang ◽  
Saqib Umer ◽  
Hu Lirong ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
High Heat ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Nutritional Physiology ◽  
The Impact

Higher milk yield and prolificacy of the modern dairy cattle requires high metabolism activities to support them. It causes high heat production by the body, which coupled with increasing environmental temperatures results in heat stress (HS). Production, health, and welfare of modern cattle are severely jeopardized due to their low adaptability to hot conditions. Animal activates a variety of physiological, endocrine, and behavioral mechanisms to cope with HS. Traditionally, decreased feed intake is considered as the major factor towards negative energy balance (NEBAL) leading to a decline in milk production. However, reciprocal changes related to insulin; glucose metabolism; failure of adipose mobilization; and skeletal muscle metabolism have appeared to be the major culprits behind HS specific NEBAL. There exists high insulin activity and glucose become preferential energy fuel. Physiological biochemistry of the heat stressed cows is characterized by low-fat reserves derived NEFA (non-esterified fatty acids) response, despite high energy demands. Besides these, physiological and gut-associated changes and poor feeding practices can further compromise the welfare and production of the heat-stressed cows. Better understanding of HS specific nutritional physiology and metabolic biochemistry of the dairy cattle will primarily help to devise practical interventions in this context. Proper assessment of the HS in cattle and thereby applying relevant cooling measures at dairy seems to be the basic mitigation approach. Score of the nutritional strategies be applied in the eve of HS should target supporting physiological responses of abatement and fulfilling the deficiencies possessed, such as water and minerals. Second line of abatement constitutes proper feeding, which could augment metabolic activities and synergizes energy support. The third line of supplemental supports should be directed towards modulating the metabolic (propionates, thiazolidinediones, dietary buffers, probiotics, and fermentates) and antioxidant responses (vitamins). Comprehensive understanding of the energetic metabolism dynamics under the impact of incremental heat load and complete outlook of pros and cons of the dietary ameliorating substances together with the discovery of the newer relevant supplementations constitutes the future avenues in this context.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variations and its Impacts on Livestock Production Systems with a Special Reference to Dairy Animals: An Appraisal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotsnarani Biswal ◽  
Kennady Vijayalakshmy ◽  
Habibar Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
The Impact

Seasonal climatic variations is one of the most important environmental issue at present, the devastating impact of which is visualized on the ecology, ecosystem and species survival.  The livestock sector, that has been the source of animal protein for ever-increasing human masses, is subjected to the increased environmental temperature and higher frequency of extreme events. The impact of high degree of heat stress is found to have a direct bearing on the milk production, growth, feed intake, reproductive efficiency and disease incidence of the animals. The environmental temperature above the thermo-neutral zone of the animals has not only been adversely affecting the productivity and survival in the intensive livestock production systems, but the impact is equally seen in the extensive systems. Besides reduced milk production and change in composition, the impact of heat stress on dairy animals in general can be seen from the reduction of sperm quantity and quality in case of male and marked decline in the fertility and embryo quality in case of females. The paper analyses varied aspects of climate change impacts on production, productivity, reproduction and health of livestock, with special focus on dairy animals.

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