ASSOCIATION OF HIV WITH DRUG DEPENDENCE;

Objective: This study was undertaken with an objective of collecting basic data to assess the extent and variety of drug abuse in patients presenting to the model drug abuse and treatment center, DHQ hospital, Fsd as per social and demographic circumstances. Study design: cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in the indoor Department of Model Drug Abuse Treatment Center of Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad from Jan-2014 to March-2014. Method: 80 patients dependent on different drugs participated in this study through purposive convenient sampling technique. Personal, Social, and Demographic variables were recorded on a demographic sheet. The results were obtained by using SPSS 17. Results: Descriptive statistics showed that 31 patients (38.8%) were HIV positive. Most of the patients were males (97.5 %), between 30 to 35 years of age (28.8%), married (61.3%), lived in urban areas (55%), illiterate (32.5%), had primary level education (21.3%), or middle level education (22.5%). 51.3 % patients were laborers. Conclusions: As illiteracy, low education, unemployment, labor as profession, and peer pressure are the key features of drug abusers. So, parents, health professionals, and state personals should take these as risk factors and focus upon these population segments to spread awareness and take measures of control to minimize the incidence of substance abuse.

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Are Personality Type and Peer pressure Determinants of Drug Abuse among University Students?

Journal of Social Behavior and Community Health ◽

10.18502/jsbch.v5i2.7831 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cynthia Oluchi Nwokoro ◽

Mildred Chioma Ojiaku

Keyword(s):

Drug Abuse ◽

University Students ◽

Peer Relations ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Personality Type ◽

Peer Pressure ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Recently, drug abuse among undergraduates appears to become a global problem despite the existences of various measures taken by governments and other agencies due to its negative impact on educational and future leadership innovations as well as human resources. This study investigated personality type and peer pressure as determinants of drug abuse among university students in South-Eastern Nigeria. Methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted using 212students selected through convenient sampling technique aged 15-30 years. Participants responded to the Type A and B personality scale (TABS), Index of peer relations scale (IPR), and drug abuse screening test (DAST). Collected data was analyzed using Chi square statistics. Results: The findings indicated personality type not being significantly associated with drug abuse[X2(1) =0.13, P>0.05]. The study also revealed that peer pressure determines undergraduates’ drug abuse[X2(1) =3.77, P<0.05]. Conclusion: Proper and effective education on dangers of substance or drug abuse should be taught in school and at home by teachers, parents, and guardians.

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Tobacco Use among Adolescents of a Public School of Kaski District

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences ◽

10.37107/jhas.101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 59-63

Author(s):

Sailaja Sharma ◽

Ratna Shila Banstola ◽

Sakuntala Pageni

Keyword(s):

Public School ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Peer Pressure ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Family Influence ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

Introduction: Tobacco is one of the proven risk factors, contributes substantially to the rising epidemic of non-communicable diseases. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of tobacco use and associated factors among adolescents of a selected public School in Kaski district. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was adopted and data was collected with self-administered questionnaire from 168 respondents. Results: The prevalence of tobacco-use was 19.6 percent and mean age of initiation was13.84 years. The most common reasons for smoking were peer pressure (63.3%), imitation (27.3%), family influence (27.3%) and quest for new experience (21.2%). Tobacco-use was strongly associated with ethnicity (p=0.03), mother's education level (p=0.02), father's occupation (p=0.03), peer pressure (p=0.01) and friends smoking habit (p=0.03). Conclusion: Tobacco-focused interventions are required for school going adolescents to promote cessation among users and prevent its initiation.

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Sexual behavior of in-school adolescents in Osun State, Southwest Nigeria: a comparative study

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2013-0510 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 225-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adedayo O. Sabageh ◽

Adesegun O. Fatusi ◽

Donatus Sabageh ◽

Joel A. Aluko

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Sexuality Education ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

First Sex ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Urban Counterpart

Abstract Objectives: The sexual and reproductive health of adolescents is of utmost importance in many nations (especially in developing countries). Sexual behavior varies from location to location and the outcome (when negative) creates great concerns mainly due to the consequential impact on health and development. This study aimed at comparing sexual behavior of in-school adolescents in rural and urban areas of Osun state. Methods: A comparative cross sectional study was conducted. A total of 760 in-school adolescents were recruited using multistage sampling technique. Pre-tested questionnaires were administered after ethical considerations. Data were analysed and p-value was placed at 0.05. Results: A total of 380 rural and 380 urban adolescents participated in this study with a mean age of 14.90±2.44 and 14.34±2.31 years, respectively. About one-fifth (20.1%) had experienced their first sex (66% of rural and 34% of urban). The mean age at first sex was 14.05 years±2.3 years (13.89±2.3 years for rural and 14.37±2.3 years for urban). Only 76 (49.7%) sexually experienced respondents had used condom in the past (45.5% of rural, 57.7% of urban). Half of the urban respondents used condom during their first sex while only a quarter of their rural counterparts had done so (p=0.003). Conclusion: Sexual behavior was commoner among the rural respondents than their urban counterpart. There is an urgent need for sexuality education especially among rural adolescents in the study area.

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Knowledge on the Effects of Drug Abuse among the Students In A Selected High School In Dhaka City

Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education ◽

10.3329/bjdre.v3i2.16603 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 12-18

Author(s):

MS Zaman ◽

WA Almajidi ◽

Dr Hurunnaher

Keyword(s):

Drug Abuse ◽

Secondary School ◽

Health Effect ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Level ◽

Dhaka City ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poor Knowledge

This was a cross-sectional study carried out among 120 students of National Ideal School in Dhaka city during September2012 to November2012. The objective of the study was to assess the level of knowledge about the effect of drug abuse. Students were selected by purposive sampling technique. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was used and data were collected by self-administered method. Analysed by computer program SPSS. On analyses, the students were found to have very poor knowledge regarding the causes of drug abuse, 50% stated about unemployment, 48% stated about drug abuse friend, and 39% due to illiteracy. About the type of various drugs- 74% mentioned the name of Heroin, 73% Phensidyle, 48% cigarette and 31% stated the name of Ganja. Knowledge about various diseases- 80% mentioned death, 63% said hepatitis-B, 34% stated stroke. Regarding the social effect- 45% stated about increased fatehood, 34% about increased dacoity, 27% mentioned about increased crime. Knowledge about the familial effect, 67% mentioned about familial disturbance, 53% about waste of money. Knowledge regarding the health effect, 46% mentioned about red eyes, 36% mentioned about vertigo, 48.% mentioned about malnutrition, 39% about damage of other organ. Knowledge about the mental effect, 56% mentioned about become angry, 54% about abnormal behaviour. 69% of the respondents said about the consequences of drug abuse, is unusual death, 58% through out of family, 30% damage of other organ. From above data the overall knowledge scoring was, poor knowledge 84.2%, average knowledge 15.8% and no good knowledge were scored by the students. It may be concluded that the secondary school students have poor knowledge about the effect of drug abuse. Therefore heath education program in the school on drug abuse should be arranged from the secondary school level. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v3i2.16603 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.3(2) 2013: 12-18

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Prevalence of brucellosis and its outcome in Tertiary Care Hospital Makkah.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.12.5045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (12) ◽

pp. 2574-2580

Author(s):

Imran Nazir Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Incidence Rate ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Human Brucellosis ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Randomized Sampling

Objectives: To see the prevalence and outcome of Human brucellosis in Makkah. Study Design: Retrospective Cross Sectional study. Setting: Security Forces Hospital, Makkah. Period: August 2016 to August 2019. Material & Methods: Patient's data was collected for the last 3 years. Simple randomized sampling technique was adopted and data was collected and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Univariate comparisons were done by using Chi square test. Results: This study enrolled 241 patients with predominant age group of 15-40 years (41.9%). Incidence rate in Makkah is 4.01 per 100,000 persons per year. Male were predominant (67.2%). About fifty-seven (57.3) % patients belonged to urban areas and the risk of acquisition of brucellosis was the consumption of unpasteurized milk in 138 (57.3%) patients. Most common clinical presentation was fever (95.4%) without a definite focus in 200 patients (83%), Eighty-three (83%) patients had uncomplicated brucellosis. The most common (67.2%) treatment regimen was rifampicin and doxycycline for 6 weeks. Relapse rate was reported 10.8%. Death rate was reported to be 0.9%. Conclusion: Brucellosis still affects health of Saudi population and causes economic burden. It is recommended to keep up the efforts to decrease the brucellosis incidence rate toward zero.

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Komunikasi Dalam Keluarga dan Asertifitas Remaja Penyalahguna Narkoba

Sosio Konsepsia ◽

10.33007/ska.v10i1.1971 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Uswatun Hasanah ◽

◽

Irfani Arista ◽

Mirdat Silitonga

Keyword(s):

Family Communication ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Drug Abusers ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Governmental Organizations ◽

Non Governmental Organizations ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Selection Of

Drug abuse is a quite serious problem and its handling involves various stakeholders. This study aims to analyze how the influence of family communication on the assertiveness of adolescent drug abusers. This study used a cross-sectional study design and was carried out at National Narcotics Agency, Jakarta Timur City (BNNK), Jakarta Timur and Non-Governmental Organizations under the guidance of the BNNK, Jakarta Timur namely: Balarenik Foundation and Swara Peduli Indonesia Foundation. The selection of research locations is done by snowball sampling. The population of this study is adolescent drug abusers in Jakarta Timur, Jakarta. The respondents of this study were 68 adolescent drug abusers in BNNK, Jakarta Timur, Balarenik Foundation, and Indonesian Swara Care Foundation. The sampling technique in this study uses non-probability sampling with purposive sampling. The findings in this study are that there is a significant positive effect of family communication on adolescent assertiveness. The determinant coefficient in this study was 62%, which means that the assertiveness of adolescent abusers of narcotics is determined by the communication of the of family of 62% and 38% is determined by other factors.

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SUBSTANCE ABUSE

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.02.2105 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (02) ◽

pp. 316-319

Author(s):

Shehzad Adil Mansoor ◽

Muhammad Muazzam ◽

Humayun Suqrat Hasan Imam

Keyword(s):

Substance Abuse ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Issues ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Political Will ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Population ◽

Day By Day

Objectives: To study the prevalence of substance abuse among prisoners and itseffects on other inmates. Study design: A cross sectional study. Place and duration of study:Central jail Faisal Abad Pakistan during Jan. 2012 to Feb 2012. Methodology: All the convictedand condemned prisoners were included in the study and those exclusively charged for drugsabuse crimes were excluded. A snow ball convenient sampling technique was adopted. Samplesize was not predetermined. The study population was (1080) male and above the age of 18years. Results: About one hundred and eighty four (184) prisoners were found using differentdrugs. Among them seventy six 76 (41.3%) started using drugs on entering the prison and onehundred and eight 108 (58.7%) were using drugs before coming to prison. The 91(49.5 %)belonged to rural area and 93 (50.5%) belonged to urban areas. The most commonly used drugwas heroin 181(96.7%) and 3(.6%) used different drugs like injections or pills. Conclusions:Substance abuse among prisoners was increasing day by day leading to increased crimes,health issues, and significant economic constrains in every country especially among poornations. Strong political will and public motivation was the need of time to deal with the issue.

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Pattern of Drug Abuse among Patients in Some Selected Addiction Rehabilitation Centers in Dhaka City

Faridpur Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/fmcj.v8i2.20371 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 63-66

Author(s):

Sayeda Riya ◽

Mahfuzar Rahman ◽

Md Zafor Sadeque ◽

Asma Kabir ◽

Badar Uddin Umar

Keyword(s):

Drug Abuse ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Drug Users ◽

Peer Pressure ◽

Oral Route ◽

Drug Intake ◽

Drug Abusers ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rehabilitation Centers

This study was done to find the pattern of drug abuse and its associated factors among the patients admitted in addiction rehabilitation centers. This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 150 drug addicted patients at the central drug addiction cure center at Tejgaon, Dhaka. Data were collected with a pre tested structured questionnaire. The study was conducted under the department of community medicine, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka during March to May 2008. Among the 150 respondents, males constituted 87%, females 12.7%. Most of the respondents (49.3%) were in the age group twenty five to thirty five years. Ninety two percent (92%) of respondents were Muslims, 78.62% urban dwellers, 14.0% from rural areas and 7.33% came from nearby slums. Literacy rate of drug abusers was 81.3%. 33.3% were unemployed, mean family monthly income was ten thousand taka. Drug of initiation was ganja/cannabis in 48.0% and finally addicted to heroin. Inhalation was the route of choice (56.6%), oral route 30.9% and intravenous drug users (IDU's) 12.5% were remarkable. Peer pressure was a major contributing factor 55.5% for drug initiation. Black market (illegal spot) 77.3% was mainly the source of procurement of drug. Mean duration of drug intake was 4.2 years. Significant association was found between male sex and drug intake (p<0.05), and between age group 25-35 years and drug intake (P< 0.05). Drug dependence is highly prevalent among educated people. Familial confliction and peer pressure lead to different drug abuse. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v8i2.20371 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2013;8(2): 63-66

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Prevalence and socio-demographic factors associated with hypertension among rural and urban population of Kisii County, Kenya

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213211 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alex O. Ondieki ◽

Harun M. Kimani ◽

Titus M. Kahiga

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Rural Population ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Epidemiologic Transition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Socio Demographic Factors

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. 9.4 out of the 20 million cardiovascular deaths are due to HTN. HTN has often been described to be more prevalent in urban areas. However, there has been an epidemiologic transition from urban to rural areas which often go unreported or underreported. This gap therefore called for a study to compare the prevalence of HTN burden and assess how socio-demographic factors contribute to HTN development among the rural and urban population.Methods: This study methodology focused on HTN among residents aged 30-69 years, from urban and rural population of Nyaribari Chache sub county, Kisii County, Kenya using a descriptive cross sectional study in which 490 respondents were interviewed. Sampling involved a random sampling technique which entailed household selection. Data was analysed using statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) version 21.Results: The prevalence of HTN for the sampled population was 44.668%. The prevalence of HTN was 44.134% in rural and 43.598% in urban areas. Rural population were more at risk of developing HTN than urban (OR=1.135 and RR=1.072). On general health, those who had ever been told that they had hypertension (p<0.000), ever been told that they had hypertension for the past 12 months (p=0.000) and those who were currently taking hypertension medication (p=0.026) were statistically significant variables.Conclusions: The study concludes that residents in rural population have higher prevalence of hypertension. Further, female respondents, those who are currently married, completed primary school education and were self-employed reported to have a higher prevalence of hypertension.

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Factors associated with knowledge on risk factors of sexual abuse among house girls and house boys in Singida Municipality, Central zone Tanzania: A cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-410346/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

FILMON EMILY ◽

Dedius E. Peter ◽

Walter C. Milanzi ◽

Angelina A. Joho ◽

Fabiola Moshi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sexual Abuse ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Nuclear Family ◽

Central Zone ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Sexual abuse is a situation whereby any people or individual entered in any sexual malpractice or sexual contact without his/her will. Sexual abuse among house girls and house boys is among of general medical issue in our nation particularly in the urban areas and towns. The aim of the study was to examine predicators associated with knowledge on risk factors of sexual abuse among house girls and house boys in Singida Municipality.Methods: The cross section study involved a total of 252 participants from the selected house hold in Singida Municipality. A multistage sampling technique was used to obtain sample and data was collected by using self-administered structured questionnaire. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to determine the association between knowledge on risk factors and sexual abuse among house girls and house boys.Results: The large numbers of respondents with mean age of 22years old were single. Only 53.1% of house girls were knowledgeable on risk factors associated with sexual abuse compared to house boys. After control of the confounders the predictors of knowledge about risk factors on sexual abuse were educational level (AOR = 0.332, p = 0.002, 95%CI:0.167; 0.659), how did you find a job(AOR=2.412, p=0.001, 95%CI:1.433; 2.523), and type of family he/she living(AOR=4.672, p=0.002, 95%CI:0.0709; 0.719, nuclear family (AOR=4.023, p=0.023, 95%CI:0.101;0902). Conclusion: The findings depicted that the study participants have inadequate knowledge on risk factors associated with sexual abuse and it discovered that the influencing factors were education level, means of getting a job and type of family.

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