scholarly journals Corona virus lowers hemoglobin more in severe infection than mild COVID-19 infection.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (08) ◽  
pp. 1211-1214
Author(s):  
Zunnera Rashid Chaudhry ◽  
◽  
Sana Rasheed ◽  
Sabeen Shakir ◽  
Erum Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Blood Hemoglobin ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Group I ◽  
Normally Distributed

Objectives: To study the effect of corona virus on blood hemoglobin and the changes this virus causes on hemoglobin in COVID-19 infected patients. Study Design: Observational study. Settings: Rawal institute of Health Sciences and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Period: Feb 2021 to April 2021. Material & Methods: Total 100 adult patients were included all were suffering from corona virus infection. COVID-19 infected patients belonging to both genders with no other cause of anemia were selected and all adult patients in which anemia was due to diseases other than corona infection were excluded. The blood samples of COVID-19 infected patients was taken in 5cc syringe and was send to the laboratory of Rawal Institute Of Health Sciences Islamabad for hemoglobin estimation. Blood heamoglobin (Hb) at the time of admission was recorded. Changes in their blood Hb was noted. Statistical Analysis: Data was be entered into SPSS version 23, normality of data was checked. For non-normally distributed data kruskal wallis and Mann whitney U test was applied and for normally distributed data Anova and post hoc was used. Spearsman correlation was used to correlate non distributed data and Pearson’s correlation was used for normally distributed data. Results: 100 adult patients were divided in two groups. Group I with mild symptoms of corona virus and group II with severe symptoms of corona virus. Patients with mild corona symptoms their blood hemoglobin level was 12.2 g/dl and those with severe corona symptoms their blood hemoglobin level was 10.0 g/dl. Conclusion: It was observed that patients suffering from severe disease of corona COVID-19 had reduced hemoglobin levels than those suffering from milder form of disease, thus confirming that corona virus effects the hemoglobin level and reduces its serum value causing anemia leading to complication of disease.

scholarly journals CORRELATION OF SNACKING FREQUENCY, HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND POCKET MONEY WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN FEMALE ADOLESCENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Dinar Putri Rahmawati ◽  
Dono Indarto ◽  
Diffah Hanim
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
P Value ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Pocket Money ◽  
Spearman Test ◽  
Normally Distributed

Nutritional problem that occurs in adolescents due to higher food intake and less physical activity leads to over- nutrition. Other nutritional problems occur among them is micronutrient deficiency including anemia, mostly in female adolescents. Higher consumption of energy-dense snacks, low physical activity and more pocket money  have contributed to adolescent’s body weight. This study aims to determine the correlation of frequency of snacking, hemoglobin levels, physical activity, and pocket money with the nutritional status of female adolescents. This cross- sectional study was carried out in 117 female adolescents in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java Province. Data of snacking frequency was collected using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and hemoglobin level were measured using a Hematology Analyzer. Physical activity data were collected using the IPAQ questionnaire (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and were converted to Metabolic Equivalent Tasks (METs). Normally distributed data then analyzed using Pearson test and Spearman test for not normally distributed data to determine correlation between independent with dependent variables and followed by the multiple linear regression test if the p-value < 0.25. Most female adolescents had normal nutritional status, but 6.8% and 17.9% female adolescents were overweight and obesity, respectively. The frequency of snacking (r = 0.207, p = 0.025), physical activity (r = -0.201, p = 0.030), pocket money (r = 0.283, p = 0.002) and hemoglobin level (r = 0.150, p = 0.107) were not correlated with nutritional status. In conclusion, frequency of snacks, physical activity, and pocket money were significantly correlated with nutritional status in female adolescents but no correlation with hemoglobin level.

scholarly journals Persistent reduction of retinal microvascular vessel density in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000867
Author(s):  
Sandra Banderas García ◽  
David Aragón ◽  
Brahim Azarfane ◽  
Fernando Trejo ◽  
Xavier Garrell-Salat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Retinal Microvasculature ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Normally Distributed

ObjectiveThis study aims to analyse the possible recovery or worsening in retinal microvasculature after 8 months in a previously studied COVID-19 cohort.Methods and analysisA cross-sectional case–control study and a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Participants were the subjects of our previous study who re-enrolled for a new examination including a fundus photograph (retinography), an optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan and an OCT angiography. COVID-19 diagnosed patients were divided into three groups: group 1: mild disease, asymptomatic/paucisymptomatic subjects who received outpatient care; group 2: moderate disease and group 3: severe disease, both of which required hospital admission because of pneumonia. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (V.23.0). Cross-sectional intergroup differences were analysed by means of analysis of variance for normally distributed variables and the Kruskal-Wallis test for non-normally distributed ones. In reference to the prospective part of the study (intragroup differences, baseline with 8-month comparison), a paired t-test was used for normally distributed data and Wilcoxon signed ranks sum for non-normally distributed data.ResultsThe fovea-centered superficial and deep vascular densities were significantly diminished in severe cases compared with mild cases (p=0.004; p=0.003, respectively, for superficial and deep) and to controls (p=0.014; p=0.010), also in moderate cases to mild group (p=0.004; p=0.003) and to controls (p=0.012; p=0.024). In the longitudinal study, no significant statistical differences were found between baseline and 8-month follow-up vessel density values.ConclusionWe demonstrated persistent reduction in the central vascular area over time in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19.

Comparison of GEE, MINQUE, ML, and REML Estimating Equations for Normally Distributed Data

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-tsung Wu ◽  
Marcia L Gumpertz ◽  
Dennis D Boos
Keyword(s):  
Estimating Equations ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Normally Distributed

scholarly journals The prognostic role of inflammatory markers in COVID 19 patients – A retrospective analysis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivkumar Gopalakrishnan ◽  
sangeetha kandasamy ◽  
S.Malini ◽  
S.Peer Mohamed ◽  
k.velmurugan
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
P Value ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract Background. Approximately 5% of COVID-19 patients suffer near fatal disease. Clinical and radiologic features may predict severe disease albeit with limited specificity and radiation hazard. Laboratory biomarkers are eyed as simple, specific and point of care triage tools to optimize management decisions.This study aimed to study the role of inflammatory markers in prognosticating COVID-19 patients.Methodology. A hospital based retrospective study was conducted on COVID-19 adult inpatients classified into three groups as mild disease-recovered [Group I], severe disease-recovered [Group II] and dead [Group III]. Categorical outcomes were compared using Chi square test. Univariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to test the association between the explanatory and outcome variables. Unadjusted OR along with 95% CI was calculated. The utility of lab parameters (Ferritin, LDH, D dimer, N/L ratio and PLT/L ratio) in predicting severity of COVID-19 was assessed by Receiver Operative Curve (ROC) analysis. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results. The mean age was 49.32 +/- 17.1 years. Among study population, 378 were Group I, 66 Group II, and 56 Group III. Median levels of Ferritin among the 3 groups were 62ng/mL, 388.50 ng/mL and 1199.50 ng/mL. Median value of LDH were 95U/L, 720 and 982.50(p <0.001). D-dimer values of 3 groups were 23.20ng/mL, 104.30 ng/mL and 197.10 ng/mL (p <0.001). CRP done qualitatively was positive in 2 (0.53%), 30 (45.45%) and 53 (94.64%) of patients. The odds of patients suffering severe COVID-19 rose with rising values of ferritin, LDH and D-dimer [unadjusted OR 1.007, 1.004 &1.020]Conclusion. One time measurement of serum ferritin, LDH, D-dimer and CRP is promising to predict outcomes for COVID 19 inpatients. Single qualitative CRP was equally good but more cost effective than quantitative CRP. The most specific combination was NLR, Lymphocyte percentage and D-dimer levels done between 7th – 10th day of symptoms.

scholarly journals The effect of Giving Vitamin C on the Iron (Fe) Absorption of Anemic Mice (Mus musculus) by Sodium Nitrite Induction

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Siti Zamilatul Azkiyah ◽  
Delvi Noer Kholida Rahmaniyah ◽  
Istiana Istiana ◽  
Ismatun Wafiyah
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Iron Absorption ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Duncan Multiple Range Test ◽  
Group I ◽  
Range Test

Vitamin C is one component that can increase iron absorption in patients with iron deficiency anemia. This study aims to determine the effect of vitamin C supplementation on iron absorption as measured by hemoglobin levels in anemic mice. This type of research is an experimental laboratory design. Experimental animals (Mus. Musculus) male mice were made anemia induced with sodium nitrite and then divided into three treatment groups. Group I, was given distilled water, Group II, was given ferrous sulfate, Group III, was given ascorbic acid + ferrous sulfate at a dose of 4.5 mg. The treatment was given for 14 days after experiencing anemia. Data analysis was used ANOVA test. If it has an effect, it continued with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Changes in the average hemoglobin level of mice ranged from 12-15 grams/dL after 14 days of treatment, which means that the hemoglobin level returned to normal. Thus, the administration of vitamin C can increase iron levels in mice (Mus musculus) Anemia by induction of sodium nitrite. ABSTRAK   Vitamin C merupakan salah satu komponen yang dapat menengkatkan absorpsi besi pada penderita anemia defisiensi besi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian suplementasi vitamin C terhadap absorpsi besi yang diukur dari kadar hemoglobin hewan coba mencit anemia. Jenis penelitian berupa  desain laboratory eksperimental. Hewan coba mencit (Mus. Musculus) jantan dibuat anemia dengan diinduksi dengan natrium nitrit kemudian dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok I diberi akuades, Kelompok II diberi ferro sulfat, Kelompok III diberi asam askorbat + fero sulfat dengan dosis 4,5 mg. Perlakuan diberikan selama 14 hari setelah mengalami anemia. Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA. Bila memiliki pengaruh maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Perubahan kadar hemoglobin rata-rata mencit berkisar 12-15 gram/dL setelah perlakuan selama 14 hari yang artinya kadar hemoglobin kembali ke keadaaan normal. Dengan demikian, pemberian vitamin C dapat meningkatkan kadar zat besi pada mencit (Mus musculus) Anemia dengan induksi natrium nitrit.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THIOL-DISULFIDE UNIT OF THE ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM IN THE ACUTE BACTERIAL DYSENTERY IN THE FORECAST OF THE COURSE AND THE SELECTION OF THE TREATMENT REGIMEN

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 258-263
Author(s):  
Zarema G. Tagirova
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Sh Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Antioxidant Agents

The goal was to optimize the treatment of shigellosis patients on the basis of an evaluation of the functional state of the thiol-disulfide unit of the antioxidant system (AOS) on a background of various treatment methods. Materials and methods. 400 patients with acute bacterial dysentery of varying severity of the course were observed; Shigella Flexner was isolated in 324(81%) cases, Shigella Sonne - in 76(19%) cases. The determination of sulfhydryl (SH-) groups and disulfide bonds (SS-) was carried out by the direct and reverse amperometric titration with the use of silver nitrate and unithiol in hemolysate. Three groups separated by random sampling were considered. In group I (122 patients), basic therapy was prescribed, including etiotropic and pathogenetic treatment. In group II (134 patients), pathogenetic treatment was prescribed in the combination with a complex of natural cytokines and antimicrobial peptides secreted by pig peripheral blood leukocytesa (»superlimph» preparation). In the third group (144 patients), the drug «superlimph» was prescribed along with etiotropic and pathogenetic treatment. Results. In acute bacterial dysentery disturbances of the redox balance were established to be correlated with the severity of the course in the form of a significant decrease in the level of SH-groups and the thiol-disulfide coefficient on the background of an increase in the level of SS-groups, which indicates to a decrease in the buffer capacity of the AOS. These data can serve as predictors of the nature of the course of dysentery. Comparative clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of various treatment methods revealed the most pronounced in severe disease advantages of complex therapy, including a combination of basic etiotropic, pathogenetic treatment with a complex of natural cytokines and antimicrobial peptides («superlimph»). Conclusion. The change in the ratio of oxidative processes to AOS occurs at any severity of dysentery, but in severe cases these changes acquire a qualitative character. In the survey standards for bacterial dysentery there is recommended to include the determination of indices of the thiol-disulfide unit, as an additional criterion for the severity of the course and the prognosis of the course of the disease. Exceeding the concentration of SS-groups of the concentration of SH-groups and the inversion of the thiol-disulfide coefficient as markers of the breakdown in AOS seem to be prognostically unfavorable factor. The severe course of acute bacterial dysentery is an indication for inclusion of antioxidant agents in the therapeutic complex. Based on the mechanism of revealed abnormalities in AOS, the use of a complex of natural cytokines and antimicrobial peptides («superlimph») can be considered as an immunocorrecting drug.

scholarly journals Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa SMAN 7 Palu Kelas XI pada Materi Larutan Penyangga

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Amsar T. Beddu ◽  
Sri Mulyani Sabang ◽  
Purnama Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Test Statistics ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Normally Distributed

This research aims to investigate the result of a study in applying the model of problem-based learning (PBL) the students of SMAN 7 Palu on the topic buffer. This method use quasy experiment with pretest-posttest control group design. The population is a class XI students of SMAN 7 Palu, where the sample is a 23 students in class XI IPA 3 as the experimental group and 23 students in class XI IPA 4 as the control group, which is determined by purposive sampling. The result of student learning to the average value of the experimental class is bigger than for class control experiment was 82.61 and for the control, class is 8.65. Test normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test values obtained for the experimental class Sig 0.20 > 0.05 and class control 0.20 > 0.05, it means that both at data are normally distributed. Homogeneity test using the test statistics Lavene which gained value of Fhitung 0.37 > 0.54 Ftabel for experimental classes.200 Sig > 0.05 and for grade control 0.20 > 0.05, it means that both of normally distributed data, there is similarities variant between a group or the means homogeneous. Testing hypothesis use t-test two parties where the significance value of 0.06, it means at the value of Sig > 0.05, that Ho rejected and Ha accepted. Based on the statistical test, PBL learning model on material buffer has a positive influence on results for students at SMAN 7 Palu

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