scholarly journals Frequency of bacterial isolates and antibiotics resistance patterns in urine and pus samples.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1571-1577
Author(s):  
Sajid Ali ◽  
Hina Khalid ◽  
Noor Muhammad ◽  
Syed Luqman Shuaib ◽  
Anees Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile

Objectives: The present study is aimed to determine frequency of bacteria in urine and pus sample along with the antibiotic resistance profile of isolated bacteria. Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study. Setting: Real-Time PCR Laboratory at Dabgari Garden, Peshawar with the Collaboration of Health Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan. Period: June 2018 to July 2019. Material & Methods: The urine and pus samples were collected from suspected patients and were cultured on appropriate culture media. The biochemical tests were also performed after growing on culture plates for identification and confirmation of bacterial isolates. The disc diffusion technique was used to evaluate the antibiotic pattern of retrieved isolates. Result: A total of 525 samples of pus and urine samples were collected from different regions of Peshawar. Out of the total, 237 (45.1%) samples were found positive for bacterial growth whereas the remaining (54.9%) were observed negative. Among total positive isolates, 220 (92.8%) were from urine samples, and 17 (7.2%) were from pus samples. The predominant isolate was Escherichia coli (E. coli) (90.3%) retrieved from positive samples, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.2%), Klebsiella pneumonia (1.3%), and Staphylococcus aureus (1.3%). The most effective antibiotic was Fosfomycin against bacteria whereas Nalidixic acid, Nitrofurantoin, and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were found less effective against bacterial isolates. Conclusion: Most frequent bacteria isolated was E. coli and the most efficient drug was Fosmomycin and the least was Nitrofurantoin, and Amoxicillin.

Local characteristics associated with higher prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in community-acquired urinary tract infections: an observational, cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Larramendy ◽  
Aurélie Gaultier ◽  
Jean-Pascal Fournier ◽  
Jocelyne Caillon ◽  
Leïla Moret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Animal Farming ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Objectives The prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) in community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) has been increasing worldwide since 2000, but with large geographical variations. The aim of this study was to determine whether the ESBL-E. coli rate in urine samples from individuals with community-acquired UTI was associated with the local socio-economic, environmental, agricultural and healthcare characteristics. Methods This was a cross-sectional study in western France using data on antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli isolated from urine samples of individuals with community-acquired UTI analysed in non-hospital laboratories from 2015 to 2017. The ESBL-E. coli rate was calculated for each laboratory. Data on socio-economic characteristics, human antibiotic consumption, hospital bed density, animal farming density and percentage of agricultural land and surface water were retrieved at the municipality level and aggregated by study area. Their association with ESBL-E. coli prevalence was quantified using multivariate linear regression models with a backward selection. Results From 358 291 E. coli isolates from urine samples tested in 92 laboratories, the mean ESBL-E. coli prevalence for the study period was 3.30%. In an adjusted model, the ESBL-E. coli rate was significantly (P < 0.05) and positively associated with the local percentage of people >65 years old, third-generation cephalosporin use (DDD/1000 inhabitants), number of hospital beds/km2, poultry density, pig density and percentage of agricultural land. Lower deprivation was associated with a higher ESBL-E. coli rate. Conclusions Several anthropogenic factors (primary care, hospitals and animal farming) are associated with the local ESBL-E. coli rate in community-acquired UTI. These results could contribute to improve risk management, including identification of at-risk patient groups.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Urine Isolated Bacteria and Their Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospitalized Patients in Ahvaz Golestan Hospital in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
Ladan Fatahi ◽  
Mohammad Soleymani Zar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Objectives: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in the community and hospitalized patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections and their antibiotic resistance in hospitalized patients. Subjects and Methods In the this descriptive-cross-sectional study, the results of about 5,000 urine samples sent for culture from the hospitalized patients of Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz in 2019 were examined. Relevant information was extracted from patients’ medical records. Results Out of 5000 samples studied (39.7% female and 60.3% male), about 468 samples (9.36%) showed positive urine culture. Of the patients with UTI, 205 patients were women (43.8%). The risk of UTI increased with age. The most common bacteria caused urinary tract infections were E. coli with 51.5%, followed by Klebsiella with 29.3%. It was also observed that bacteria isolated from urine samples of people with UTI had antibiotic resistance, and for each bacteria special groups of antibiotics were more effective. Conclusion The prevalence of UTI in the studied patients was 9.36%. In females and with increasing age, the prevalence of UTI was higher. The most common bacteria that caused UTI were E. coli and then Klebsiella. Due to the fact that the resistance and sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotic used, it is recommended that the most common bacterial agents of UTI must be diagnosed and then the most appropriate antibiotic must be prescribed

scholarly journals The Relative Frequency of Bacterial Colonization on the Surfaces of Toys in Kindergartens of Yazd

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Zarei Mahmodabadi ◽  
Mahbobeh Shiranian ◽  
Seyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddan ◽  
Mohamad Hassan Ehrampoush ◽  
Farimah Shamsi
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yazd City

Introduction: Kindergartens are the first social environments where children are directly exposed to possible contaminations from other children. Factors such as having uncontrolled urination, putting hand, toys, and different objects into the mouth, and sharing objects with other children facilitate the spread of bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of bacterial contamination of toys in kindergartens of Yazd city, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 324 samples of toys made of either cloth, wood, or plastic were collected from kindergartens at three regions of Yazd, Iran. The swab samples obtained from toys' surface were cultured directly on the bacteriologic culture media blood agar and eosin methylene blue. Specific culture medium with biochemical tests and diagnostic disks were used to determine the genus and species of bacteria. Chi-square test was run for statistical analysis of data. The  p value of < 0.05 was considered as the level of significant difference. Results: The most common bacterial colonization of toys found in the kindergartens was Staphylococcus epidermidis (48.3%). Toys made from cloth (with 3914 CFU/cm2) and the municipality region 3 (with 4645 CFU/cm2) showed the highest amount of contamination among the toy materials and different regions, respectively. Conclusion: Assessment of common contaminations in kindergartens may help the authorities to determine the possible causes of pediatric infections and provide them with a more comprehensive knowledge about the personal as well as environmental hygiene. So, by identification of these contaminations, we can modify the underlying factors, reduce the pollutions, and improve the health of children.

scholarly journals Antibiogram of Escherichia coli Isolated from Avian Colibacillosis in Chitwan District of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. Thapa ◽  
A. Chapagain
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mar Index ◽  
Avian Disease

A cross-sectional study was conducted at National Avian Disease Investigation Laboratory, Chitwan to determine antibiogram of Escherichia coli isolated from avian colibacillosis cases of broilers and layers in Chitwan. One hundred and sixty (95 from broilers and 65 from layers) liver samples were collected aseptically during postmortem. Samples were taken purposively from dead birds showing lesions perihepatitis, pericarditis, air-saculitis, omphalitis and egg peritonitis. Isolation and identification were made by examination of cultural characteristics of E. coli in MacConkey’s agar, Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar, Gram’s staining and biochemical tests. Antibiogram of identified E. coli isolate was evaluated against six antibiotics of six different groups by disk diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. One hundred and three E. coliisolates (73 from broilers and 30 from layers) were isolated from one hundred and sixty samples. Highest resistance was observed against Ampicillin (100%) followed by Co-trimoxazole (86.40%), Doxycycline (46.60%), Levofloxacin (45.63%), Nitrofurantoin (26.21%) and Amikacin (10.68%). Nearly about all (96.12%) isolates from 103 isolated E. coli isolates showed multidrugs resistance to two or more than two antimicrobials. All multidrug resistance isolates showed 16 different patterns with each isolate being resistance to at least two drugs. The multiple antibiotic resistance indexing ranged from 0.2 to 0.8 and proportion of isolates with MAR index greater than 0.2 was 96.12%. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(1): 52-60    

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among diabetic patients in Tikrit City, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbiological Assays

Objectives: This study aimed to show the Epidemiology of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among diabetic patients in Tikrit City, Iraq. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Tikrit city among diabetic and non-diabetic patients from General Salahalddin Hospital and from outpatient clinics. This study conduct 270 persons, including 155 diabetes sufferers and 115 non-diabetics. Consented subjects had their mid-stream urine collected, and each sample was examined using microscopy and culture techniques. Standard microbiological assays to determine the presence of pus cells and bacteria in urine were used to identify isolates. Results: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria (ASB) was found in 21.5 % of subjects, with diabetics having 26.4 % and non-diabetics having 14.8 %. ASB is higher in the age group above 51 years 29 (50%), Females 51 (88%) demonstrated a higher prevalence than males 7(12%) in both diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common bacterium isolated from urine in both diabetics and non-diabetics (22.4 %). Other bacterium isolates included E. coli (19%) , Enterococcus fecalis (13.7%), Klebsiella pneumonia (12%), and Enterobacter sp (12%), Staph aureus (10.3%), Staph saprophyticus (6.8%), Pseudomonas aerogenosa (3.4%). The most of isolated microorganisms were resistance to gentamycin, trimethoprim and cefotrixone. Levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were the most sensitive to uropathogens caused by bacteria . Conclusion: Diabetic sufferers had a higher prevalence of ASB (26.4%) than non-diabetics, according to the study (14.8 %). The majority of ASB was caused by Staphylococcus sp, indicating a shift in the aetiologic spectrum. The majority of isolates demonstrated multiple resistance in both diabetics and non-diabetics, indicating the necessity to increase antibiotic sensitization in Tikrit.

scholarly journals Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Producing Gram Negative Bacterial Isolates from Urine of Patients Visiting Everest Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Guragain ◽  
Aashish Pradhan ◽  
Binod Dhungel ◽  
Megha Raj Banjara ◽  
Komal Raj Rijal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Objectives: The study was aimed to determine the prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing Gram negative pathogens from urine samples along with their antimicrobial resistance. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2015 to May 2016 at Everest Hospital, Kathmandu. Mid-stream urine samples were collected and processed for culture by standard loop streak method. Identified bacterial isolates were tested for Antibiotic Susceptibility by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and, were subjected to ESBL screening by using 30µg cefotaxime and ceftazidime. ESBL production was confirmed by combination disc method. Results: Of the three hundred urine samples, 22.7% (67/300) showed significant growth. Four different bacterial species were identified. Among the isolates, E. coli was the most common pathogen (71.64%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.92%), Pseudomonas spp (8.95%) and Acinetobacter spp (4.48%). Altogether 92.54% (n=62) isolates were sensitive to gentamicin, 89.55% (n=60) to amikacin, and 79.10% (n=53) to nitrofurantoin. 70.10% (n=47) isolates were resistant to antibiotic ampicillin while 62.68% (n=42) were found as Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) and 29.8% (n=20) were ESBL producers. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of MDR and ESBL among uropathogens is low in comparison to other studies though it is essential to have a regular monitoring of ESBL producing clinical isolates in laboratory practice.

scholarly journals Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Detection of pap and blaCTX-Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-467
Author(s):  
Hamid Naghizadeh ◽  
◽  
Jalal Mardaneh ◽  
Ahmad Mosadegh ◽  
Akram Astani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
High Level

Aims Escherichia coli is one of the most important causes of hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections in humans and can easily gain resistance to antibiotics consumed by humans and animals. The main objectives of this study were to assess antibiotic resistance outlines and detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes, including the blaCTX-M and pap among the E. coli isolates recovered from the urine of patients referred to Shaheed Madani Hospital (Bejestan, Northeast of Iran). Methods & Materials This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2016 to March 2018. A total of 100 non-duplicate isolates of E. coli were recovered from the urine of patients referred to Shaheed Madani Hospital (Bejestan, Northeast of Iran). Antimicrobial susceptibility test and extended-spectrum-beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) production were performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The polymerase chain reaction was carried out for the detection and distribution of the pap virulence gene and blaCTX-M antibiotic resistance gene. Findings About 100 E. coli isolates were recovered from the urine sample of patients (21 male, and 79 female). Carbapenems were the most effective antibiotic against isolates. Four strains (4%) were resistant to colistin. Twenty-seven strains (27%) were ESBL-positive. Carbapenems were the most effective antibiotic against ESBL-positive strains. Also, 82% and 89% of isolates were blaCTX-M and pap gene positive, respectively. Conclusion This study has shown that ESBL-positive strains with a high level of drug resistance and virulence factors are a potential risk for hospital wards. Colistin resistant isolates found in our study are quite alarming.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of common bacterial pathogens causing pneumonia in children age 1 month to 5 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (09) ◽  
pp. 1393-1397
Author(s):  
Farman Ali ◽  
Rifaq Zeb ◽  
Farid Ullah ◽  
Junaid Zeb
Keyword(s):  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumonia ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Study Setting

Background: Pneumonia is defined as inflammation of lung parenchyma. Aim of the current study was to identify the culture and sensitivity of bacteria causing pneumonia in one month to 5 years of age. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Peshawar. Period: December 2016 to March 2018. Material & Methods: Total 292 patients were randomly included in study. Data were collected by pre designed Performa and analyzed by SPSS 21. Results: Mean age of patients was 2.7 ± 1.2 years. Male to female ratio was 3:2. Culture report showed 123(42.1%) were Staphylococcus Aureus positive, 87(29.8%) streptococcus pneumonia, 75(25.7%) Hemophilus Influenza, 3(0.01%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2(0.0068%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 (0.0068%)  E.coli positive. All the bacteria were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics unless we observed resistance of H. Influenza against clarithromycin and Co amoxiclav. In rest of seven cases, out of total two cases of E. coli both were sensitive to amikacin while resistance to amoxil and co amoxiclave. Out of total three pseudomonas cases, two cases were resistance to ceftriaxone and amoxil, one was sensitive to ceftriaxone, while all three were sensitive to amikacin, two cases were of klebsiella pneumonia and both of them were sensitive to amikacin while resistant to amoxil. Conclusion: Most common organism causing pneumonia in one month to 5 years of age is S aureus followed by S pneaumoniae, H influenza, Paurogenosia, klabsiella and E.coli. Most of these organisms were sensitive to amoxil, ampiclox, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone while resistance of H influenza was observed to clarithromycin and co amoxiclave.

Surgical Site Infections are the Pool of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria: Evidence from a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjib Adhikari ◽  
Sujan Khadka ◽  
Sanjeep Sapkota ◽  
Neetu Adhikaree ◽  
Barsha Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Technique

Background:: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the leading nosocomial infections and important cause of morbidity and mortality in surgical patients. Objective:: The present study was conducted to investigate the bacterial etiology of SSIs and determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates. Methodology:: A cross-sectional study was conducted between July to November 2019 on 105 patients suspected of having SSIs. Wound swabs were collected aseptically using sterile cotton swabs and processed in suitable culture media following the standard operative protocols. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results:: Out of 105 samples collected, 69 showed the growth and 77 bacterial isolates were documented altogether. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus 46 (59.74%) followed by E. coli 9 (11.68%). Antimicrobial profile of the isolates revealed that 61.04% were MDR, 25.80% were ESBL producers and 9.68% were carbapenemase producers. Conclusion:: High prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacterial isolates associated with SSIs warrants the need for aseptic techniques during and after surgical procedures and judicious use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of uropathogens isolated in Qassim, Saudi Arabia‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 946-952
Author(s):  
Osama Al Wutayd ◽  
Abdullah Al Nafeesah ◽  
Ishag Adam ◽  
Ibrahim Babikir
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Effort ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Outpatient Departments

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health problem. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of uropathogens in the outpatient departments (OPDs) at the clinics of Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2016. Nonrepetitive midstream urine samples (1273) were cultured on standard culture media. Identification and susceptibility testing of causative microorganisms was performed using the fully automated VITEK 2 Compact system. Results: Out of the 1273 nonrepetitive urine samples, 418 (32.8%) exhibited significant growth of UTI-causing microbes, 377 (90.2%) of which were Gram-negative bacilli. The commonly isolated microorganisms were Escherichia coli (157, 37.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (70, 16.7%), Proteus mirabilis (17, 4.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24, 5.8%), Enterobacter cloacae (11, 2.6%), Enterococcus faecalis (12, 2.9%), and Staphylococcus aureus (14, 3.3%). Overall, drug resistance was observed in 91.3% (n=381/418) of the samples, with a majority (80%) exhibiting resistance to at least 2 drugs. Drug resistance was commonly observed against ampicillin (89.9%), oxacillin (75.6%), piperacillin (85.4%), clindamycin (56.1%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (74.5%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (50.4%). Conclusion: The uropathogens E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa and multidrug resistance pose serious therapeutic threats in the setting of this study. A concerted and systematic effort is required to rapidly identify high-risk patients and to reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance in this region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document