scholarly journals Rhetorical Analysis of Hate Speech: Case Study of Hate Speech Related to Ahok’s Religion Blasphemy Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105
Author(s):  
Kurnia Arofah
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Logical Fallacy

The discussion about hate speech is not something new. However, recently it becomes phenomenon that widely spoken. As something that naturally comes out as  a human nature. Nowadays hate speech tends to be harmful because it is supported by new media such as online media and social media. This research try to discuss about hate speech related to religion blasphemy accusation that drags, Basuki Tjahaya Purnama known as Ahok into jail. This paper used qualitative method and rhetoric analysis to analyze the hate speech in online media news related to Ahok’s case. The results are, hate speech came from content posted in website such as online political opinion and news. From ethos aspect, most of the hate speech neglected the ethos aspect which provides the credibility and trustworthiness of the source.; from the pathos aspect, the author of the news are choosing words that triggered anger and negative emotion from its audience; from the logos aspect, most of the hate speech draws it’s readers to logical fallacy due to the lackness of  facts of  its conclusion claim. The Hate speech rhetoric neglects the ethos and logos aspects and it mostly rely on pathos aspect to persuade its readers for hating.

scholarly journals Combatting hate and trolling with love and reason? A qualitative analysis of the discursive antagonisms between organized hate speech and counterspeech online

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-572
Author(s):  
Nadine Keller ◽  
Tina Askanius
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Moral Standards ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
Media Practices ◽  
Good And Evil

An increasingly organized culture of hate is flourishing in today’s online spaces, posing a serious challenge for democratic societies. Our study seeks to unravel the workings of online hate on popular social media and assess the practices, potentialities, and limitations of organized counterspeech to stymie the spread of hate online. This article is based on a case study of an organized “troll army” of online hate speech in Germany, Reconquista Germanica, and the counterspeech initiative Reconquista Internet. Conducting a qualitative content analysis, we first unpack the strategies and stated intentions behind organized hate speech and counterspeech groups as articulated in their internal strategic documents. We then explore how and to what extent such strategies take shape in online media practices, focusing on the interplay between users spreading hate and users counterspeaking in the comment sections of German news articles on Facebook. The analysis draws on a multi-dimensional framework for studying social media engagement (Uldam & Kaun, 2019) with a focus on practices and discourses and turns to Mouffe’s (2005) concepts of political antagonism and agonism to operationalize and deepen the discursive dimension. The study shows that the interactions between the two opposing camps are highly moralized, reflecting a post-political antagonistic battle between “good” and “evil” and showing limited signs of the potentials of counterspeech to foster productive agonism. The empirical data indicates that despite the promising intentions of rule-guided counterspeech, the counter efforts identified and scrutinized in this study predominantly fail to adhere to civic and moral standards and thus only spur on the destructive dynamics of digital hate culture.

scholarly journals Ekspresi Keberagaman Online: Media Baru dan Dakwah

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afidatul Asmar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Internet Media ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

<p><em>Abstract</em></p><p><em>This paper explain how diversity expression of dakwah in new media. Today, media makes many preachers and mad’u use new media facilities, including internet media where content to Islam is packaged in stories of everyday life and given with funny things. this strategy attracts many interested people on both sides of the preacher and the mad'u themselves. Da'wah is the one of the activities aimed at inviting others in kindness, reminiscent of the end of the day, while new media is a tool used to invite others to better paths. In other developments the question arises regarding human imagination about God and the path of understanding spirituality experiencing setbacks or impoverishment in the digital age. Will the path of God's search for this generation of media cause visitors to the place of worship to recede, the preaching of the Scriptures is not heard, and the spirit of the religious community was down. Is the “new media gedia generation” aware or not “deify” “virtual God”. This research uses a case study on the response of preachers and people related to the expression of diversity in using new media, so that how to interpret the message in the social media content Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube which is a unity of the internet world.</em></p><p><em>Keywords: Religion, new media, dan da’wah</em></p><p><br />Abstrak</p><p>Tulisan ini berupaya menjelaskan bagaimana dakwah dengan ekspresi keberagaman pada media baru saat ini. Dewasa ini media membuat banyak pendakwah maupun mad’u memanfaatkan fasilitas media baru, diantaranya media internet dimana konten-konten ke Islaman yang dikemas dengan santai dalam cerita kehidupan sehari-hari serta dibumbuhi hal-hal lucu. Strategi ini banyak menjaring peminat pada kedua sisi baik pendakwah maupun para mad’u itu sendiri. Dakwah adalah salah satu kegiatan yang bertujuan mengajak orang lain dalam kebaikan, mengingatkan terhadap hari akhir, sedangkan media baru adalah alat yang digunakan untuk mengajak orang lain kejalan yang lebih baik. Pada perkembangan lain muncul pertanyaan terkait imajinasi manusia tentang Tuhan dan jalan pemahaman spritualitas mengalami kemunduran atau pemiskinan di era digital. Apakah jalan pencarian Tuhan generasi media ini akan menyebabkan pengunjung tempat ibadah surut, pemberitaan Kitab Suci tidak didengar, dan spirit komunitas keagamaan tatap muka meredup. Apakah “generasi media baru” ini sadar atau tidak mulai : “menuhankan” “Tuhan-tuhan virtual”. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus terhadap respon pendakwah dan umat terkait ekspresi keberagaman didalam menggunakan media baru, sehingga bagaimana memaknai pesan dakwah yang terkandung didalam konten-konten media sosial Instagram, facebook, twitter maupun youtube yang merupakan satu kesatuan dunia internet.</p><p>Kata kunci: Agama, media baru, dan dakwah.</p>

scholarly journals Scaling Social Movements Through Social Media: The Case of Black Lives Matter

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 205630511880791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Mundt ◽  
Karen Ross ◽  
Charla M Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Coalition Building ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
Careful Management

In this article, we explore the potential role of social media in helping movements expand and/or strengthen themselves internally, processes we refer to as scaling up. Drawing on a case study of Black Lives Matter (BLM) that includes both analysis of public social media accounts and interviews with BLM groups, we highlight possibilities created by social media for building connections, mobilizing participants and tangible resources, coalition building, and amplifying alternative narratives. We also discuss challenges and risks associated with using social media as a platform for scaling up. Our analysis suggests that while benefits of social media use outweigh its risks, careful management of online media platforms is necessary to mitigate concrete, physical risks that social media can create for activists.

scholarly journals PERAN JARINGAN SOSIAL PADA KAMPANYE LINGKUNGAN DI MEDIA SOSIAL: KASUS KAMPANYE MELAWAN ASAP

INFORMASI ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Ika Hariyani
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Social Relation ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
The Social ◽  
Environmental Campaigns ◽  
The University ◽  
Depth Interviews

Campaigns nowadays are oftenly carried through social medias, including campaigns concerning the environment. Based on previous studies, effectivity of campaigns through social medias were affected by many factors, such as the activity of the online administrator, additional socialization that were carried off- line, and also the involvement of the active followers in social medias. However, this paper views environmental campaign in social medias could be effective if viewed from another side,that is social network. This study sees how social network can improve the effectivity of environmental campaigns in social medias,therefore it’s safe to say that this study brings an addition to previous studies related tofactors that influenced the effectivity of environmental campaigns that utilized social medias as a channel of communication. The method used for this paper is qualitative method, with case study on Melawan Asap (Fight the Haze) campaign initiated by BEM UI (Executive Board of Students of University of Indonesia) in 2015 to form an alliance consisting several organizations from inside and outside of the university. Collection of data for this study was done with in-depth interviews with certain informants, based on a criteria established previously by the author, beside an observation upon social media accounts that were used for Fight the Haze campaign. The result shows that the involvement of networks in social media affects the effectivity of Fight the Haze campaign. Also, the social relation between organizations that are united under the alliance of Fight the Haze campaign are based on sentimental network.Kampanye kian marak dilakukan dengan menggunakan media sosial, tidak terkecuali kampanye lingkungan. Berdasarkan kajian-kajian sebelumnya, keefektifan kampanye dengan menggunakan media sosial dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti adanya administrator online yang aktif, adanya sosialisasi tambahan yang dilakukan secara offline, dan juga terlibatnya pengikut/followers di media sosial secara aktif. Namun, tulisanini melihat kampanye lingkungan di media sosial dapat efektif dari sisi lain yaitu dari jaringan sosial. Kajian ini melihat bagaimana jaringan sosial berperan dalam membuat efektif kampanye lingkungan di media sosial, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa kajian ini menambahkan penemuan dari kajian-kajian sebelumnya yang berbicara mengenai faktor yang membuat efektif kampanye lingkungan dengan menggunakan media sosial sebagai media komunikasinya. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan studi kasus pada kampanye melawan asap yang diinisiatori oleh BEM UI 2015 untuk membentuk sebuah aliansi dengan menggandeng beberapa organisasi di UI dan juga dari luar UI. Pengambilan data dalam studi ini dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan- informan tertentu berdasarkan kriteria yang penulis tetapkan dan melakukan observasi terhadap akun media sosial yang digunakan untuk menyebarluaskan kampanye melawan asap. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan peran jaringan di media sosial mempengaruhi efektifitas kampanye melawan asap, serta hubungan sosial antar organisasi yang tergabung dalam aliansi gerakan melawan asap terbentuk berdasarkan jaringan perasaan/sentiment.

scholarly journals Terrorist Speech under Bills C-51 and C-59 and the Othman Hamdan Case: The Continued Incoherence of Canada’s Approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Kent Roach
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Immigration Law ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Fundamental Freedoms

It is argued that neither the approach taken to terrorist speech in Bill C-51 nor Bill C-59 is satisfactory. A case study of the Othman Hamdan case, including his calls on the Internet for “lone wolves” “swiftly to activate,” is featured, along with the use of immigration law after his acquittal for counselling murder and other crimes. Hamdan’s acquittal suggests that the new Bill C-59 terrorist speech offence and take-down powers based on counselling terrorism offences without specifying a particular terrorism offence may not reach Hamdan’s Internet postings. One coherent response would be to repeal terrorist speech offences while making greater use of court-ordered take-downs of speech on the Internet and programs to counter violent extremism. Another coherent response would be to criminalize the promotion and advocacy of terrorist activities (as opposed to terrorist offences in general in Bill C-51 or terrorism offences without identifying a specific terrorist offence in Bill C-59) and provide for defences designed to protect fundamental freedoms such as those under section 319(3) of the Criminal Code that apply to hate speech. Unfortunately, neither Bill C-51 nor Bill C-59 pursues either of these options. The result is that speech such as Hamdan’s will continue to be subject to the vagaries of take-downs by social media companies and immigration law.

NETIQUETTE: Penguatan Soft Skill Netizen untuk Generasi Berkarakter

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 1532-1554
Author(s):  
Lilis Erna Yulianti
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Soft Skill

The virtual world is not a world without borders so we are free to do anything. But as in the real world that has norms, ethics and etiquette, in cyberspace also requires a netiquette. Netiquette as a healthy internet moral regulation is needed so that digital communication between netizens runs harmoniously and respect each other and away from conflict and deviant behavior so as to make the lives of netizens become more comfortable (comfort life). The implementation of netiket if done continuously in the long term will have a positive impact on netizens and their social environment. The positive impact for netizens towards strengthening their soft skills will form a generation of character, integrity, morality, having a healthy mentality, and getting appreciation from others who can be reinforcement for him to continue to do good to others. The positive impact on the environment makes interactions in the social environment healthier in more human communication patterns in their interaction patterns.In fact, there are still many disputes, violations and crimes that are implicated in social media and online media. For example: the rise of pornographic content, hate speech content, hoax issues, cyberbullying, insults, online fraud, digital sexual crimes, child trafficking, online prostitution, and various other cyber crimes. Based on the problems in the virtual world, the research entitled "Netiquette Strengthening Soft Skills Netizens for Generation of Character" aims to compare the phenomenon of ethical violations in social media and online media conducted by netizens associated with ethical guidelines in cyberspace (netiquette). This research uses qualitative methods with a literature review approach.

Digital Era Governance and Social Media

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Abdul Malik Omar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The World ◽  
Governance Process ◽  
Digital Governance ◽  
Digital Dividend ◽  
Development Application

Digital technology is at the forefront of transforming how governments operate around the world. Using Brunei's Information Department (InfoDept) as a case study, this chapter looks at how the agency has evolved from its inception in the 1950s to 2019 in its embrace of both old and new media to pursue its mission and objectives as a government-run media agency. The results demonstrate how new media, such as social media, can complement old media if done right. The case study on InfoDept contributes to the growing field of research related to the increased advancement, development, application, and impact of new technologies in bolstering the digital governance process. This chapter also provides strong evidence on how governments can improve its general governance process and unlock the digital dividend in the 21st century by incorporating new media into its public policy architectonic. Salient lessons for policymakers and practitioners on digital governance have also been presented in this chapter.

scholarly journals Time of Your Hate: The Challenge of Time in Hate Speech Detection on Social Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komal Florio ◽  
Valerio Basile ◽  
Marco Polignano ◽  
Pierpaolo Basile ◽  
Viviana Patti
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Speech Detection ◽  
Highly Sensitive

The availability of large annotated corpora from social media and the development of powerful classification approaches have contributed in an unprecedented way to tackle the challenge of monitoring users’ opinions and sentiments in online social platforms across time. Such linguistic data are strongly affected by events and topic discourse, and this aspect is crucial when detecting phenomena such as hate speech, especially from a diachronic perspective. We address this challenge by focusing on a real case study: the “Contro l’odio” platform for monitoring hate speech against immigrants in the Italian Twittersphere. We explored the temporal robustness of a BERT model for Italian (AlBERTo), the current benchmark on non-diachronic detection settings. We tested different training strategies to evaluate how the classification performance is affected by adding more data temporally distant from the test set and hence potentially different in terms of topic and language use. Our analysis points out the limits that a supervised classification model encounters on data that are heavily influenced by events. Our results show how AlBERTo is highly sensitive to the temporal distance of the fine-tuning set. However, with an adequate time window, the performance increases, while requiring less annotated data than a traditional classifier.

scholarly journals Gaali cultures: The politics of abusive exchange on social media

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1506-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahana Udupa
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Online Abuse ◽  
New Media Studies

On the rapidly expanding social media in India, online users are witness to a routine exchange of abusive terms and accusations with choicest swearwords hurled even for the seemingly non-inflammatory political debates. This article draws upon anthropology of insult to uncover the distinctness, if at all, of online abuse as a means for political participation as well as for the encumbering it provokes and relations of domination it reproduces as a result. In so doing, the article critiques the conception of ludic as anti-hegemonic in the Bakhtin tradition, and develops an emic term “gaali” to signal the blurred boundaries between comedy, insult, shame, and abuse emerging on online media, which also incite gendered forms of intimidation. Gaali, it argues, is best conceptualized through the metaphor of “sound” as distinct from what recent new media studies theorize as “voice.”

The Janus face of social media and democracy? Reflections on Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Mutsvairo ◽  
Helge Rønning
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Political Processes

The purpose of this issue of Media Culture and Society is to discuss the possible role of social media in the struggle for democracy, against authoritarianism, and over hidden power structures. The articles included in this volume are meant to offer empirical interventions to beliefs, some of them unproven, on whether the emergence of new media technologies has driven Africa towards democratic change. Papers in this Special Issue cover a wide variety of African countries delving deep into comparative studies of participatory citizens’ media on the continent. This introduction is an attempt to offer an explanation on African democratisation and authoritarianism before conceptualising the role of social media in political processes with the backing of current case study dispatches in Africa, demonstrating the dilemmas of digital disparities in promoting or denting democratisation in Africa.

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