scholarly journals Thoughts on Incivility: A Preliminary Study to Identify Uncivil Behavior in Indonesian Higher Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Ani Cahyadi ◽  
Hendryadi Hendryadi ◽  
Suryani Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Uncivil Behavior ◽  
Item List ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Uncivil Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

This preliminary study aims to identify an item list of uncivil behaviors in the Indonesian educational environment. The study comprises three phases: first, a panel of experts assessed each item to ensure their content validity for items pool. The second phase used a cross-sectional design and convenience sampling to recruit 524 students and faculty members in seven provinces in Indonesia using an online survey. The third phase involved ten students from the second phase and several faculty representatives were randomly selected to complete the open-ended questionnaire. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified four factors, including disregard for instructors/annoyances, disrespect for others (verbal and non-verbal), misconduct and integrity violation, and use of cell phones. Furthermore, the results indicate that "getting up during a class,leaving and returning,” “arriving late and/or leaving early," “not paying attention in the class,” “texting,” “packing books before the class is dismissed,” “cheating during an exam,” and “sleeping during the class” were the top seven highest recurring behaviors. This study provides tentative support for a preliminary scale in identifying uncivil behavior among college populations in Indonesia.

scholarly journals The Perceived Impact of The First UK Covid-19 Lockdown on Companion Animal Welfare and Behaviour: A Mixed-Method Study of Associations with Owner Mental Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6171
Author(s):  
Emily Shoesmith ◽  
Luciana Santos de Assis ◽  
Lion Shahab ◽  
Elena Ratschen ◽  
Paul Toner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Animal

Background: Companion animals may be a positive presence for their owners during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the welfare of a companion animal is strongly influenced by the behaviour of their owners, as well as their physical and social environment. We aimed to investigate the reported changes in companion animal welfare and behaviour and to examine the association between these changes and companion animal owners’ mental health. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of UK residents over 18 years of age was conducted between April and June 2020 (n = 5926). The questionnaire included validated, bespoke items measuring outcomes related to mental health, human-animal bonds and reported changes in animal welfare and behaviour. The final item of the survey invited open-ended free-text responses, allowing participants to describe experiences associated with human-animal relationships during the first UK lockdown phase. Results: Animal owners made up 89.8% of the sample (n = 5323), of whom 67.3% reported changes in their animal’s welfare and behaviour during the first lockdown phase (n = 3583). These reported changes were reduced to a positive (0–7) and negative (0–5) welfare scale, following principal component analysis (PCA) of 17 items. Participants reported more positive changes for cats, whereas more negative changes were reported for dogs. Thematic analysis identified three main themes relating to the positive and negative impact on companion animals of the Covid-19 pandemic. Generalised linear models indicated that companion animal owners with poorer mental health scores pre-lockdown reported fewer negative changes in animal welfare and behaviour. However, companion animal owners with poorer mental health scores since lockdown reported more changes, both positive and negative, in animal welfare and behaviour. Conclusion: Our findings extend previous insights into perceived welfare and behaviour changes on a very limited range of species to a wider a range of companion animals. Owner mental health status has a clear, albeit small, effect on companion animal welfare and behaviour.

Can do and reason to: when are proactive employees willing to share negative information?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Marler ◽  
Susie S. Cox ◽  
Marcia J. Simmering ◽  
Bryan L. Rogers ◽  
Curtis F. Matherne
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
Proactive Personality ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Purpose Information sharing is vital to organizational operations, yet employees are often reluctant to share negative information. This paper aims to gain insight into which employees will be reluctant to share negative information and when by drawing from the proactive motivation literature examining effects of proactive personality and motivational states on individuals’ willingness to share negative information. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional design was used, with data collected from a final sample of 393 individuals via an online survey. Hypotheses were tested using correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Findings Interactive effects indicate proactive individuals with accompanying high levels of role breadth self-efficacy (“can do”) or high levels of felt responsibility for constructive change (“reason to”) were less likely to be reluctant to share negative information. However, findings also suggest proactive individuals with lower levels of proactive motivation avoid sharing negative information. Originality/value The findings extend what is known about personality factors and employee willingness to share information to highlight which employees may be likely to avoid sharing negative information. The authors also examine the moderating influence of proactive motivational states on the relationships between proactive personality and reluctance to share negative information.

scholarly journals How to Evaluate Digital Leadership: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Claassen ◽  
Dominique Rodil Dos Anjos ◽  
Jan Kettschau ◽  
Horst Christoph Broding
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Leadership Competence ◽  
Transformation Processes

Abstract Background: With the increasing digitalization of the working environment, the demands on managers are changing fundamentally to the point of an emerging field of research in digital leadership. Municipal administrations are particularly affected by the digital transformation processes. Therefore, a score to measure the construct of digital leadership competence in the context of virtual-based workstation was developed and tested.Methods: Based of an online survey with n = 546 employees at virtual-based workstations in municipal administrations in 2020, the instrument is tested regarding selectivity (coefficients), dimensionality (principal component analysis), homogeneity (inter-product-moment correlations), reliability (Cronbach's α) and construct validity (correlation with general leadership skills).Results: The instrument can be considered selective, one-dimensional, homogeneous, reliable and constructively valid in the sense of the formulated hypotheses. By integrating the employees‘ perspective, the instrument aims to be one of the first of its kind to initiate a scientific further discourse. Among other things, the categorization of the co-determination component as either traditional or digital leadership can be discussed.Conclusions: The developed instrument for measuring digital leadership performs well concerning the aspects of discriminatory power, one-dimensionality, homogeneity, reliability as well as construct validity. It aims to induce further research and a scientific discourse on the topic of health-oriented leadership within the world of work 4.0.

scholarly journals The Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) for Codeine: Preliminary Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the SDS in an Online Sample of Codeine Users From the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Deluca ◽  
Michelle Foley ◽  
Jacklyn Dunne ◽  
Andreas Kimergård
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dependence Scale ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Severity Of Dependence Scale

Objective: Investigate the psychometric properties of the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) for codeine and its association with aberrant codeine related behaviors.Design: A voluntary and uncompensated cross-sectional online survey.Setting: Online population (≥18 years).Respondents: Two hundred and eighty-six respondents (66% women) who had used codeine containing medicines in the last 3 months and were living in the UK.Results: Of the respondents (mean age = 35.4 years, SD = 12.5), more than half were employed. Only 3.5% respondents reported no income. The majority of respondents (45.1%) primarily obtained prescription-only codeine from a consultation with a health professional, whilst 40.9% mainly purchased “over-the-counter” codeine containing medicines in a pharmacy without a medical prescription. Principal component analysis indicated a single factor solution accounting for 75% of the variance. Factor loadings ranged from 0.83 to 0.89. Cronbach's Alpha was high (α = 0.92). Several behaviors relating to codeine use were found to significantly predict probable codeine dependence. These included: daily codeine use in the last 3 months (OR = 66.89, 95% CI = 15.8–283.18); tolerance to codeine (OR = 32.14, 95% CI = 13.82–74.75); problems with role responsibility due to intoxication (OR = 9.89, 95% CI = 4.95–19.78); having sought advice on the internet to manage codeine use (OR = 9.56, 95% CI = 4.5–20.31); history of alcohol or drug treatment (OR = 3.73, 95% CI = 1.88–7.43).Conclusions: The SDS was acceptable and feasible to use to assess probable psychological codeine dependence in an online sample of people using codeine containing medicines. SDS scores were associated with behaviors known to be indicators of codeine dependence. Studies are needed in well-defined populations of people who use codeine to test the different aspects of psychometry of the scale compared against “gold standard” criterion [a diagnosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)].

Antecedents for user intention to adopt another auction site

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan-Chen Tseng ◽  
Ching-I. Teng
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Network Externality ◽  
Online Auction ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
User Intention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intention To Adopt ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Purpose – Multiple adoption (the adoption of another auction site in addition to the present one) enables startup or non-leading firms to survive and grow by eroding the customer bases of market leaders. Thus understanding multiple adoption is important. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to propose and examines antecedents of user intention to adopt another online auction site. Design/methodology/approach – This study utilized a cross-sectional design and an online survey, obtaining 495 valid responses. Findings – Analytical results indicate that self-efficacy and inherent novelty seeking contribute to the intention to adopt another auction site. Moreover, transaction opportunities enhance the intention. Perceived network externality also increases the intention. However, perceived relational switching costs reduce such intention. Originality/value – This study is new in investigating why users intend to use another auction site and identifying the antecedents.

Onset Paranoid Symptoms in Depressive and Non-depressive Middle Adolescence Sample: School-based Preliminary Study from Croatia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S217-S217
Author(s):  
S. Krnic ◽  
D. Britvic ◽  
M. Milanovic
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
School Based ◽  
Paranoid Symptoms ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Clinical Characteristic ◽  
Depressive Group

IntroductionThere is a lack of epidemiological evidence on the prevalence and incidence of mental health disorders in adolescence in Croatia. Depressive disorder and paranoid symptoms have been demonstrated to be closely related in adult community samples or patients with adult depression. The present study used a cross-sectional design to evaluate a sample of Croatian adolescents.ObjectivesExamine the prevalence of paranoid symptoms in adolescents attending grammar school as a preliminary study of clinical characteristic of depression in adolescence.MethodsA sample of 450 individuals, average age 15.7 (SD = 0.45); female 232 (51.6%), male 218 (48.4%). The screening was followed by the use of a structured psychiatric interview (HAMD-21), which was administered to confirm the presence or absence of depression disorder. Item paranoid symptoms were administered to evaluate the level OD symptoms (0–none; 1–suspicious; 2–ideas of reference; 3–delusions of reference and persecutions).ResultsA total of 450 participants were screened, using HAMD-21, paranoid symptoms occurred (44.9%). Depressed adolescents: moderate, severe and very severe, defined as more than 14 points in HAMD-21 presented paranoid symptoms 68.1%, and non-depressed 32.2%.ConclusionThe depressive group displayed more frequent and intense paranoid symptoms than the control group (P < 0.001). Among non-depressed the incidence of paranoid symptoms is a surprisingly high. This could be the consequences of the war in Croatia, transition, as well as the influence of social networks on adolescent communication. This requires future studies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN MENGKONSUMSI TABLET FE DENGAN KEJADIAN KONSTIPASI PADA IBU HAMIL DI DESA BANDAR KECAMATAN BANDAR KABUPATEN PACITAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Catur Wulan ◽  
Wulan Ayu Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

Consumption of iron tablet 1 tablet per day during pregnancy can cause constipation. Based on the results of preliminary study in the Bandar Village, Pacitan through interviews with 14 pregnant women there were 12 pregnant women who consumed iron tablet regularly and 8 pregnant women complain of difficulty to defecate while not experiencing constipation 4 pregnant women. From two pregnant women who did not consume fe tablets they didn’t get constipation. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship consuming Fe tablet with constipation in pregnant women. This type of research is quantitative with cross sectional design conducted in March 2016. The population of all pregnant women in Bandar Village Bandar Subdistrict District of Pacitan as many as 33 pregnant women. The respondents ware all pregnant women in the Bandar Village Bandar district Pacitan. Using total sampling technique, the research was conducted on March 1 until March 30, 2016. The variable in this study is the fe tablet intake and incidence of constipation. The research instrument used was observation about fe tablet consumption and interviewing about incidence of constipation. The data were tabulated and analyzed using a statistical test Chi Square test determined significant with p> 0.05. From the results showed that majority of 19 pregnant women (57.5%) consume iron tablet regularly, and majority of 18 pregnant women (54.5%) got constipation. There was a relationship consuming Fe tablet constipation with in pregnant women in the Bandar Village district ofPacitan. Evidenced by the significant level of 0.000> 0.05 so that Ho refused. Based on the results of the study, the researcher suggested to health workers to provide counseling to pregnant women about how to consume tablets fe correetly and balanced with foods contaiming high in fiber.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional survey of psychological distress in a Mexican sample during the second phase of the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldebarán Toledo-Fernández ◽  
Diana Betancourt-Ocampo ◽  
Héctor Romo-Parra ◽  
Ernesto Reyes-Zamorano ◽  
Alejandro González-González
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Baseline Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Impact

The objectives of this study were to describe severity of psychological distress (event-related stress, anxiety, and depression) during the second stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico, and to explore associations between the indicators of psychological distress, sociodemographic characteristics and specific concerns about COVID-19. This report serves as a baseline measure of a longitudinal project to evaluate progression of psychological distress across stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. An online survey was conducted in the State of Mexico from April 8th -18th, 2020, in a sample of men and women who are beneficiaries of a welfare institution in the region. Variables were measured with the Impact of Event Scale-6, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Disoder-7, and a questionnaire of concerns about COVID-19. A total of 5974 participants were analyzed. Moderate levels of psychological distress (with 23.6% of participants meeting significant event-related stress, but mild levels of depression and anxiety) were found, as well as high values in all concerns about COVID-19, especially regarding financial disruption, worsening of local security and concern of a family member becoming infected. These concerns associated mild-to-moderately with the indicators of psychological distress. Higher values of event-related distress were found in women, individuals with higher educational attainment and those with any current high-risk medical diagnosis, though the effect sizes were mild. Though psychological distress and concerns about COVID-19 have reached significant levels during the pandemic in Mexico, overall, they have not yet reached dysfunctional levels.

scholarly journals Population-Level Preparedness About Preventive Practices Against Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Adults in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bellal Hossain ◽  
Md. Zakiul Alam ◽  
Md. Syful Islam ◽  
Shafayat Sultan ◽  
Md. Mahir Faysal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Individual Household

This study assessed the preparedness regarding the preventive practices toward the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the adult population in Bangladesh. Data were collected through an online survey with a sample size of 1,056. We constructed four variables (individual, household, economic, and community and social distancing) related to preparedness based on the principal component analysis of eight items. We employed descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the accuracy rate of the overall preparedness scale was 68.9%. The preparedness level related to economic, individual, household, and community and social distancing was 64.9, 77.1, 50.4, and 83.2%, respectively. However, the economic preparedness significantly varied by sex, education, occupation, attitude, and worries related to COVID-19. Individual preparedness was significantly associated with education, residence, and attitudes. The household preparedness significantly varied by education, residence, and worries, while the respondent's community and social distancing-related preparedness significantly varied by sex, region, residence, and attitude. This study implies the necessity of the coverage of financial schemes for the vulnerable group. Increased coverage of health education regarding personal hygiene targeting the less educated and rural population should be ensured.

scholarly journals Compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among psychologists: Can supervision and a reflective stance be of help?

2018 ◽  
pp. 95-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikaela Dehlin ◽  
Lars-Gunnar Lundh
Keyword(s):  
Compassion Fatigue ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Compassion Satisfaction ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Helping Others ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

The pleasure derived from helping others is referred to as compassion satisfaction (CS). When a psychologist feels a too heavy demand to be compassionate and effective in helping, however, this may result in compassion fatigue (CF). CF may take the form of burnout or secondary traumatic stress (STS). The present paper focuses on two factors that may possibly protect against the development of CF, and facilitate the development of CS: (1) access to supervision and (2) a reflective stance. An online survey was distributed to two closed Swedish Facebook groups of psychologists, and complete data were obtained from 374 psychologists (320 women and 63 men). Both variable-oriented and person-oriented analyses were carried out. Correlational analysis showed that both supervision and reflection was associated with more CS, whereas only supervision but not reflection was significantly associated with less CF. Cluster analysis gave a more nuanced picture, suggesting a non-linear and multi-faceted association between reflection and CF. Some clusters of psychologists showed the expected association between level of reflection and level of CF. This was balanced, however, by other clusters that showed an association in the opposite direction, indicating high levels of reflection in clinicians with high levels of CF, and low levels in clinicians with low levels of CF. The results are discussed in terms of these differences in associative patterns possibly being due to different patient populations being involved. Among the limitations of the present study are its cross-sectional design, absence of data on patient characteristics, and a crude measure of supervision and reflection. Keywords: Compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, supervision, reflective stance

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