scholarly journals ENGLISH-INTRODUCTION TO THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF ISLAM (A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ORIENTALIST APPROACH AND WESTERN SUPREMACY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-62
Author(s):  
Moosa Lakhani ◽  
◽  
Mukhtiar Ahmed Kandharo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
The West ◽  
Western Scholarship ◽  
Intangible Investment

Orientalism is an idea originated in the west to define east and its forms of arts. It gained its strength from the Industrial west, which provided for necessary tangible and intangible investment necessary in furtherance of the idea from defining Europeans for not only east but also all non-Europeans. The paper elaborates the nature of the first edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI1) in the light of orientalism and explains how the west used it to create western supremacy. The paper also considers different aspects of the EI1 to establish why and how it was an essential book for the western scholarship tilted towards Islam and how and why it was painted with objective and biased approach.

scholarly journals Western Objections to the Islamic Concept of Gender Equality: A Critical Review

Fahm-i-Islam ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Dr Aurangzeb
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
View Point ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
The World ◽  
Islamic View

Over the past several years, despite the constant evolution of the legislation the problem of gender equality in the West has been steadily increasing. What is the reason why there is no significant progress in solving gender equality issues in the West yet? Several reports and researches have pointed out to this problem. On the contrary, Islam provides a viable solution to this ever increasing problem; for Islam has a comprehensive yet simple view of gender equality. But the West, instead of understanding Islamic principles objectively, raises objections without a thorough study. However, the Western principle of gender equality has completely failed. In this article a critical analysis of the western gender equality and Islamic principles has been carried out. It also highlights Islamic view point of gender equality. The study argues that the contemporary gender equality problems and issues that have engulfed the world particularly the Western countries can be mitigated by employing the Islamic principles of gender equality

The Qur’anic Calf Episode Between Orientalism and Islamic Tradition

2020 ◽  
pp. 265-317
Author(s):  
Michael E. Pregill
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
The West ◽  
Biblical Story ◽  
Golden Calf ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Western Scholarship ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Radical Revision

This chapter discusses the qur’anic Golden Calf episode as it is traditionally interpreted in both Muslim exegesis and Western scholarship. The qur’anic references to the image worshipped by the Israelites are usually understood as depicting the Calf as alive or at least possessing some semblance of life—as ? lowing image of a calf, as the Qur’an puts it. Further, the Qur’an seems to posit that the Calf was made and animated by a character called al-sāmirī—the “Samaritan”—and not Aaron as in the biblical story. Western scholars and traditional Muslim commentators have always agreed on this interpretation of the qur’anic version of the episode. However, this chapter shows that Western scholars have generally relied upon the explanation of the episode in Muslim exegesis or tafsīr, misunderstanding the role that early Muslim commentators played in introducing a radical revision of the story that was quite different in major details from the account found in the Qur’an itself. This can be demonstrated by examining historical translations of the Qur’an in the West, beginning with some of the earliest translations and commentaries of the medieval and early modern periods in Europe. In the specific case of the Calf narrative, Western scholars’ reliance on tafsīr has typically been motivated not by a desire to validate the claims of Muslim authorities, but rather by the assumption that Islam is at its root thoroughly dependent upon Judaism. This assumption has colored not only the overarching approach to the qur’anic narrative per se, but also the characterization of a number of rabbinic traditions that have been cited as the sources of that narrative.

scholarly journals Psychiatrists' views of evidence-based psychiatric practice

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Carey ◽  
David J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Further Training ◽  
The West ◽  
Effective Care ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Based Medicine

Aims and methodTo determine the attitudes of psychiatrists towards the practice of evidence-based medicine by use of a postal questionnaire. A survey was sent to Consultant Psychiatrists and to Higher Trainees in Psychiatry in the West of Scotland Region.ResultsWhile older influences on decision-making such as tradition and deference still play a part, almost all respondents consider the adoption of more effective care based on best available external evidence desirable; most think it attainable. The technology is generally available, but further training is desired to access the information and its critical analysis.Clinical implicationsEducational activities should increasingly focus on skills for data search and critical analysis.

Cultural Studies in China: towards closing the gap between elite culture and popular culture

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
WANG NING
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
The West ◽  
Chinese Context ◽  
Elite Culture ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
The Mainland Of China ◽  
Western Scholarship

This essay deals with cultural studies, including elite culture and its products (literature and the performing arts), as well as studies of film and TV and other expressions of popular culture in the mainland of China. It lays particular emphasis on the currently prevailing concept of Cultural Studies introduced from the West at the beginning of the 1990s. The author addresses the following issues: how Cultural Studies was introduced into the Chinese context, how it was integrated with existing practices of cultural history and comparative literature studies, how it was institutionalized in China, and how it was developing into a position from where it can engage in a dialogue with Western scholarship against the background of increasing globalization. According to the author, Cultural Studies has much in common with literary studies, especially in the Chinese context. Therefore, these two branches of learning should not necessarily be seen as opposed to one another. Literary and cultural studies are complementary rather than exclusionary towards each other.

scholarly journals Prophet Muhammad and His Western Critics

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-164
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Kalin
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
The West ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Western Scholar ◽  
Western Scholarship ◽  
The Relationship

This book by the Pakistani scholar Zafar Ali Qureshi is devoted to animportant aspect of the relationship between Islam and the West.The image of the Prophet Muhammad (pbu) produced by western scholarsof Islam has determined, in many ways, the parameters of the relationshipbetween the two religions and the respective civilizations to which theyhave given rise. The main argument of Qureshi's extremely well-researchedbook is that the western scholarship bred by the centuries-oldChristian prejudices against Islam has tried to undermine the religious andintellectual basis of Islam by undermining the central place and authority ofthe Prophet of Islam. This strategy was in no way accidental, because theChristian conception of religion takes as the basis of the Divine revelationnot the revealed book, i.e., the Qur'an or the Bible, but Jesus Christ. Seenthrough the eyes of Christology, Islam could not be anything other than'Muhammadanism', and any scholarly treatment of it was bound to bebased on the figure of the Prophet of Islam. It was within this frameworkthat a number of historicist and materialist accounts were given to provethat the Prophet Muhammad was not an authentic prophet and that hismotives were basically political, tribal or economic.The number of books produced in this line of spurious scholarship isimmense, and Qureshi has carried out an immense survey of westernliterature on the life and personality of the Prophet. Although the authorspans through hundreds of books produced in the West, he focuses on thework of Rev. Montgomery Watt, the celebrated western scholar of Islam.The reason for this concentration is that Watt's two-volume work on the ...

scholarly journals “Islamic Moderation” in Perspectives: A Comparison Between Oriental and Occidental Scholarships

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tazul Islam ◽  
Amina Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Pluralism ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
State Legitimacy ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Western Scholarship ◽  
Willingness To Cooperate ◽  
Contextual Difference

‘Islamic moderation’ has received a great deal of academic and media attention both in the West and in the East. Yet, the denotation of the very term still remains abundantly paradoxical as different regions and contexts provide different sheds of meanings. In the western scholarship, Islamic moderation is concerned with liberal social norms, hermeneutics, political pluralism, democratic process, organizational affinities, and views of state legitimacy over the monopoly of violence, some kind of adaptation, willingness to cooperate or compromise. However, it is by no means exhaustive as its definition in Islamic scholarship provides some unlike constituents. To define moderation, Muslim scholars, firstly explores to lexical meanings of its Arabic substitute “wasatiyyah”. Secondly, they explore the textual meanings of the word “wasatiyyah” used in the orthodox text i.e the Quran and traditions (Sunnah) of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). According to them, moderation is a best suited, justly balanced or middle position between two extremes i.e. extremism and laxity. Their use of the term, is contextualized in terms of counter-extremism, modest socio-religious behaviour and temperate legal position. This research finds out a considerable textual and contextual difference in the use of the term ‘Islamic moderation’ between the East and the West. Hence, this study aims to explore the lack of integration between both scholarships in this issue. 

Problematika Seputar Kodifikasi Al-Qur'an

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-163
Author(s):  
Munawir Munawir
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Logical Consequence ◽  
Human Form ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
The World ◽  
Valid Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Scholarship ◽  
True Structure

Historically, the bookkeeping of the Koran is not as complicated as the books of Hadith. But that does not mean that the codification process of the Qur'an is not interesting to learn. In this case, there are a number of questions that remain relevant to convey; Is the Qur'an still true today? What is the true structure of the Qur'an? Are there standard standards for Koran arrangements agreed upon by Muslims throughout the world? These questions about the codification of the Qur'an often arise, because in the course of the Qur'an, in its capacity as a book (a piece of paper) is bound where there are dictums in Arabic that Muslims consider to be revelations from God - the codification process is no longer normative, but very historical, because related to various types of discourses (social, political, etc.) that surround it. In this context, historical and analytic studies of the historical codification of the Qur'an need to be presented, and this paper was written to meet those needs. Through the study of history based on Muslim scholarship about the history of the Quranic codification from the time of the Prophet Saw. to standardization in the form of reading and writing, which was then supplemented with critical analysis based on Western scholarship, it found that standardization "writing" the Qur'an in rasm Uṡmānī cultural products, and therefore open and allow for tashih, criticism, or even revision with more valid data findings. This does not mean the desecration of the Qur'an, but as a logical consequence of the existence of rasm Uṡmānī as something which is a human form.

Separation Barrier

2021 ◽  
pp. 233-272
Author(s):  
David Kretzmer ◽  
Yaël Ronen
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Advisory Opinion ◽  
The West ◽  
Occupied Palestinian Territory ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality ◽  
Palestinian Territory ◽  
Legal Consequences

This chapter examines the way in which the Supreme Court has handled petitions regarding the construction in the West Bank of the separation barrier and its associated regime (the Seam Zone). The Court upheld the legality of the construction of the barrier as a whole, but in specific cases mitigated the harm caused to individuals. As opposed to the ICJ’s Advisory Opinion on the Legal Consequences of Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, when reviewing the route chosen for the separation barrier, the Court circumvented the question of the legality of the settlement project. The chapter includes a critical analysis of the use of the principle of proportionality in the Court’s decisions on the separation barrier, and the implications of the Court’s decisions for the settlement project.

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