A Viability Assessment of Two Commercially Available Sticking Adjuvants Added to a Bifenthrin-Based Barrier Treatment on Aedes taeniorhycnhus

ABSTRACT In an effort to reduce Aedes taeniorhynchus numbers in the northernmost community of Key Largo, FL (known as Ocean Reef), during the peak summer months, Florida Keys Mosquito Control District (FKMCD) has utilized a bifenthrin-based barrier application (Wisdom TC Flowable®) for several years. The FKMCD conducted a study comparing whether 2 aftermarket wetting/sticking adjuvants could improve the efficacy of the barrier treatments used to control Ae. taeniorhynchus. Maximum label rate was used for 3 separate solutions: Wisdom TC Flowable (1 fl oz/gal [7.81 ml/liter] water) with no additives (Wisdom), Wisdom with Lesco Spreader-Sticker® (0.08 fl oz [2.37 ml]), and Wisdom with Xtended Performance® (2.56 fl oz [75.71 ml]). All solutions were applied to 100-ft (approximately 3 m) sections of tree-lined roadways in Key Largo, FL, using a SR 420® Mistblower backpack sprayer (Stihl Corp.). Leaves were collected from each application area for 8 consecutive weeks. Leaves were used to perform leaf bioassays against local populations of Ae. taeniorhynchus adults, and mortality was recorded at 1, 4, and 24 h postexposure. This process was replicated 3 times. Treatments had variable mortality rates at 1, 4, and 24 h postexposure across 7 wk following application. Mortality rates for all mixtures decreased for all exposure times throughout the study. Overall, the Lesco Spreader-Sticker solution was the only combination with a positive significant difference in adult mortality after 24 h.

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Dataset for Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Cross Key, Monroe County, Florida, USA

Research Ideas and Outcomes ◽

10.3897/rio.7.e73768 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Lawrence J. Hribar

Keyword(s):

Mosquito Control ◽

Florida Keys ◽

Light Traps ◽

Monroe County ◽

Data Set ◽

Dry Ice ◽

Key Largo

The Florida Keys Mosquito Control District deploys dry ice-baited light traps to monitor mosquito populations throughout the Florida Keys. Cross Key is an island directly north of Key Largo and via bridges it serves as a link between Key Largo and mainland Florida. This paper describes a data set compiled from trap collections on Cross Key, Florida, between September 23, 2002 and March 1, 2016.

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LABORATORY EVALUATION OF BORIC ACID SUGAR BAITS AGAINST IRRADIATED AEDES AEGYPTI

Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association ◽

10.32473/jfmca.v67i1.127640 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 76-79

Author(s):

Vindhya S. Aryaprema

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Boric Acid ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Toxic Substance ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Laboratory Evaluation ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Male Population ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

The use of attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs) is a new paradigm in mosquito control. ATSBs kill both female and male mosquitoes attracted to sugar feed on a sugary solution containing a toxic substance such as boric acid. The impact of boric acid sugar baits on irradiated and non-irradiated Aedes aegypti was evaluated in the laboratory to determine any difference in mortality between the two groups. The mortality rates from the toxic sugar baits in both irradiated with 50 Gy and non-irradiated groups were highly significantly different, compared to those of corresponding control groups (t=6.916, p <0.0001 and t=6.451, p<0.01, respectively). Irradiated Ae. aegypti were not significantly different in mortality rates from non-irradiated counter parts after 24 and 48 h exposure to toxic sugar bait (t=0.576, p=0.578 and t=0.642, p=0.535 respectively). There was no significant difference in mortality caused by toxic sugar baits between the two sexes (t=0.595, p=0.869 and t=0.169, p=0.869 for irradiated and non-irradiated groups, respectively). The mean percent mortality after 48 h of exposure to toxic sugar baits was 43.3% for irradiated mosquitoes and 38.6% for non-irradiated mosquitoes. Mortality rates were significantly higher during second 24 h period in both irradiated and non-irradiated groups (t=-6.612, p<0.01 and t=-5.278, p<0.01 respectively). The study suggests that the toxic sugar bait approach could not be used within a sterile insect technique program to reduce the wild male population to increase the chances of wild females mating with irradiated males.

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INR Response to Low-Dose Vitamin K in Warfarin Patients

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/1060028021993239 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106002802199323

Author(s):

Caitlin E. Kulig ◽

A. Joshua Roberts ◽

A. Shaun Rowe ◽

Hahyoon Kim ◽

William E. Dager

Keyword(s):

Vitamin K ◽

Primary Outcome ◽

Low Dose ◽

International Normalized Ratio ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Observational Cohort Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Observational Cohort ◽

Reduction Effect ◽

Retrospective Observational Cohort Study

Background Literature suggests that 2 mg of vitamin K intravenously (IV) provides a similar effect as 10 mg to reverse warfarin. Doses <5 mg haven’t been studied in depth. Objective The objective was to determine the international normalized ratio (INR) reduction effect of ultra low-dose (ULD) IV vitamin K. Methods This retrospective, observational cohort study compared IV vitamin K doses of 0.25-0.5 mg (ULD) versus 1-2 mg (standard low dose [SLD]). The primary outcome assessed ΔINR at 36 hours; secondary outcomes assessed ΔINR at 12 hours and 30-day venous thromboembolism (VTE) and mortality rates. Results Of 88 patients identified (median baseline INR [IQR], 5.1 [3.1, 7.3] vs 4.5 [2.8, 8.2], ULD vs SLD, respectively), 59 had an INR at 12 hours. The ULD had fewer 12-hour INR values <2, with no statistical difference in the ΔINR at 12 hours between the ULD and SLD cohorts (median ΔINR, 2.2 [1.1, 3.4] vs 2.2 [1.1, 6.3]; P = 0.54; median INR, 2.3 vs 1.8). A total of 41 patients had both a 12- and 36-hour INR. No significant difference in the ΔINR between the 12- and 36-hour values occurred (median ΔINR, 0.52 [0.2, 0.91] vs ΔINR, 0.46 [0.18, 0.55]; P = 0.61), suggesting no rebound or excessive reversal and no difference in 30-day rates of VTE ( P > 0.99) or death ( P = 0.38). Conclusion and Relevance ULD IV vitamin K reversed INR similarly to doses of 1-2 mg without rebound. A ULD strategy may be considered in patients requiring more cautious reversal.

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Impact of the period of the day on mortality and major cardiovascular complications after vascular surgeries

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3213 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

F.A.M Cardozo ◽

T Artioli ◽

B Caramelli ◽

D Calderaro ◽

P.C Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Cardiac Complications ◽

Funding Source ◽

Confounding Variables ◽

Significant Difference ◽

One Year ◽

Night Period

Abstract Introduction Patients submitted to arterial vascular surgeries are at a high risk of postoperative cardiac and non-cardiac complications, therefore developing strategies to lower perioperative complications is essential to optimize outcomes for this subgroup. Recent studies have suggested that the period of the day in which surgeries are performed may influence postoperative major cardiovascular complications but there is still no evidence of this association in vascular surgeries. Purpose Our goal is to evaluate whether the period of the day in which surgeries are performed may influence mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing non-cardiac vascular procedures. Methods Patients who underwent non-cardiac vascular surgeries between 2012 and 2018 were prospectively included at our cohort. For this analysis, subjects were categorized into two groups: those who underwent surgery in the morning (7am - 12am) and those who underwent surgery in the afternoon/night (12:01pm - 6:59am). The primary endpoints were to compare the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE - acute myocardial infarction, acute heart failure, arrhythmias, and cardiovascular death) and total mortality between morning and afternoon/night surgeries within 30 days and one year. The secondary endpoint was the incidence of perioperative myocardial injury (PMI) in both groups. PMI was defined as an absolute elevation of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) concentrations ≥14ng/L. Multivariable analysis using Cox proportional regression (with Hazard Ratio – HR and Confidence Interval – 95% CI) was performed to adjust for confounding variables, including emergency and urgent surgeries. Results Of 1267 patients included, 1002 (79.1%) underwent vascular surgery in the morning and 265 (20.9%) in the afternoon/night. After adjusting for confounding variables, the incidence of MACE at 30 days was higher among those who underwent surgery in the afternoon/night period (37.4% vs 20.4% – HR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.10–1.85; p=0.008). Mortality rates were also elevated in the afternoon/night group (21.5% vs 9.9%, HR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.10–2.29; p=0.013). After one-year of follow-up the worst outcomes persisted in patients operated in the afternoon/night: higher incidence of MACE (37.7% vs 21.2%, HR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.06–1.78; p=0.017) and mortality (35.8% vs 17.6%, HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.31–2.27; p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of PMI between groups (p=0.8). Conclusions In this group of patients, being operated in the afternoon/night period was independently associated with increased mortality rates and incidence of MACE. Mortality and MACE at one year Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): FAPESP - Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

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Larvicidal Effectiveness of Azolla pinnata against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) with Its Effects on Larval Morphology and Visualization of Behavioural Response

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2018/1383186 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nor Shaida Husna Zulkrnin ◽

Nurul Nadiah Rozhan ◽

Nur Amanina Zulkfili ◽

Nik Raihan Nik Yusoff ◽

Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Control Program ◽

Test Method ◽

World Health ◽

Azolla Pinnata ◽

Agricultural Field ◽

Aquatic Fern ◽

Significant Difference

Dengue is vector-borne diseases with 390 million infections per year extending over 120 countries of the world. Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is a primary vector for dengue viral infections for humans. Current focus on application of natural product against mosquito vectors has been the main priority for research due to its eco-safety. The extensive use of chemical insecticides has led to severe health problems, environmental pollution, toxic hazards to human and nontarget species, and development of insecticide resistance on mosquitoes. Azolla pinnata is an aquatic fern and predominantly used as feed in poultry industry and as fertilizer in agricultural field for enhancing the fertility of rice paddy soil. The present study was conducted to explore the larvicidal efficacy of A. pinnata using fresh and powdered form against late third-stage larvae (6 days, 5 mm in larvae body length) of Ae. aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). The larvicidal bioassays were performed using World Health Organization standard larval susceptibility test method for different concentration for powdered and fresh A. pinnata. Powdered A. pinnata concentration used during larvicidal bioassay ranges from 500ppm to 2000ppm; meanwhile, fresh A. pinnata ranges from 500ppm to 9,000,000 ppm. The highest mortality was at 1853 ppm for powdered A. pinnata compared with fresh A. pinnata at 2,521,535 ppm, while the LC50 for both powdered and fresh A. pinnata recorded at 1262 ppm and 1853 ppm, respectively. Finally, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant difference on Ae. aegypti larval mortality (F=30.439, df=1, p≤0.001) and concentration (F=20.002, df=1, p≤0.001) compared to powdered and fresh A. pinnata at 24-hour bioassay test. In conclusion, the powdered A. pinnata serves as a good larvicidal agent against Ae. aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) and this study provided information on the lethal concentration that may have potential for a more eco-friendly Aedes mosquito control program.

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Comparison of perioperative outcomes in endovascular versus open repair for juxtarenal and pararenal aortic aneurysms: A propensity-matched analysis

Vascular ◽

10.1177/1708538116681911 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 339-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nathan T Orr ◽

Daniel L Davenport ◽

David J Minion ◽

Eleftherios S Xenos

Keyword(s):

Length Of Stay ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Aortic Aneurysms ◽

Endovascular Aortic Repair ◽

Hospital Length Of Stay ◽

Perioperative Outcomes ◽

Propensity Scoring ◽

Aortic Repair ◽

Open Aortic Repair ◽

Significant Difference

Objective Endoluminal aortic aneurysm repair is suitable within certain anatomic specifications. This study aims to compare 30-day outcomes of endovascular versus open repairs for juxtarenal and pararenal aortic aneurysms (JAA/PAAs). Methods The ACS-NSQIP database was queried from 2012 to 2015 for JAA/PAA repairs. Procedures characterized as emergent were included in the study; however, failed prior repairs and ruptured aneurysms were excluded. The preoperative and perioperative patient characteristics, operative techniques, and outcome variables were compared between the open aortic repair and the endovascular aortic repair groups. Propensity scoring was performed to clinically match open aortic repair and endovascular aortic repair groups on preoperative risk and select perioperative factors that differed significantly in the unmatched groups. Outcome comparisons were then performed between matched groups. Results A total of 1005 (789 JAAs and 216 PAAs) aneurysm repairs were included in the study. Of these, there were 395 endovascular aortic repairs and 610 open aortic repairs. Propensity scoring created a matched group of 263 endovascular aortic repair and 263 open aortic repair patients. There was no statistically significant difference in 30-day mortality rates between matched endovascular aortic repair and open aortic repair patients (2.7% vs. 5.7%). The endovascular aortic repair group had a shorter ICU length of stay and overall hospital stay. The 30-day morbidity significantly favored endovascular aortic repair over open aortic repair (16% vs. 35%, p < 0.001). The main drivers of morbidity for endovascular aortic repair versus open aortic repair included return to the OR (6.8% vs. 15%, p < 0.001), rate of cardiac or respiratory failure (7.6% vs. 21%, p = 0.001), rate of renal insufficiency or failure (3.8% vs. 9.9%, p = 0.009), and rate of pneumonia (1.5% vs. 6.8%, p = 0.004). Conclusions There is no difference in mortality rates between endovascular aortic repair versus open aortic repair when repairing JAAs/PAAs. There is a significant difference in overall morbidity, and ICU and hospital length of stay favoring endovascular aortic repair over open aortic repair. This supports the expanded applicability and efficacy of endovascular repair for complex aneurysms.

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Ground Applications of Vectobac® WDG with A1 Super-Duty Mist Sprayer® and Micronair® AU5000 Atomizer for Suppression of Aedes aegypti Populations in the Florida Keys

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association ◽

10.2987/21-7030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 271-279

Author(s):

Heidi L. Murray ◽

Catherine A. Pruszynski ◽

Lawrence J. Hribar

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Florida Keys ◽

Application Rate ◽

Residential Area ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis ◽

Key West ◽

F1 Generation

ABSTRACT Since 2011, the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District (FKMCD) has used the WALS® application strategy with VectoBac® WDG containing Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis via helicopter in Key West for the control of Aedes aegypti larval populations. In 2018, FKMCD conducted a study to determine the effectiveness of using a trailer-mounted A1 Super Duty Mist Sprayer® (A1 Mist Sprayers) with a Micronair® AU5000 (Micron Group) atomizer to apply VectoBac WDG by ground at the rate of 0.5 lb/acre (0.56 kg/ha). Bioassay cups were placed in a residential area encompassing open, moderate, and heavy cover scenarios between 0 and 300 ft (0–91.44 m) perpendicular to the spray line. An application rate of 0.5 lbs/acre (0.56 kg/ha) was used. Bioassay cups were collected after application and returned to the laboratory where 100 ml of distilled water and 10 F1 generation Ae. aegypti larvae were added. Laval mortality was monitored at 2, 4, and 24 h. Three separate runs were completed during the summer of 2018. Average larval mortality at 24 h was >90%. The field trial demonstrated sufficient efficacy to introduce this method of larviciding into operational use.

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The efficacy of remdesivir in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review

Iranian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.18502/ijm.v12i5.4597 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Amirhossein Roshanshad ◽

Alireza Kamalipour ◽

Mohammad Ali Ashraf ◽

Romina Roshanshad ◽

Sirous Jafari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Adverse Event ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Clinical Improvement ◽

Day Treatment ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Severe Adverse Event ◽

Adverse Event Rate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Event Rates

Background and Objectives: Researchers all around the world are working hard to find an effective treatment for the new coronavirus 2019. We performed a comprehensive systematic review to investigate the latest clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of treatment with Remdesivir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: We performed a systematic search in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Google scholar and MedRxiv for relevant observational and interventional studies. The outcomes measures were mortality rates, improvement rates, time to clinical improvement, all adverse event rates and severe adverse event rates. Results: Three randomized controlled trials and 2 cohort studies were included in our study. In the 2 cohort studies, patients received Remdesivir for 10 days. 2 RCTs evaluated 10-day efficacy of treatment with Remdesivir versus placebo group and the other RCT compared its 5-day regimen versus 10-day regimen. Visual inspection of the forest plots revealed that the efficacy of Remdesivir was not much different in reducing 28-day mortality versus 14-day mortality rates. Besides, 10-day treatment regimen overpowered 5-day treatment and placebo in decreasing time to clinical improvement. All adverse event rates did not have a significant difference; however, severe adverse event rate was lower in the 5-day Remdesivir group compared to the 10-day and placebo groups. Conclusion: 5-day course of Remdesivir therapy in COVID-19 patients is probably efficacious and safe, and patients without invasive mechanical ventilation benefit the most. Treatment can be extended to 10 days if satisfactory improvement is not seen by day 5. Most benefits from Remdesivir therapy take place in the first 14 days of the start of the treatment.

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Clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill patients with acute COVID-19 with Epstein-Barr virus reactivation

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06638-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yun Xie ◽

Song Cao ◽

Hui Dong ◽

Hui Lv ◽

Xiaolei Teng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Virus Reactivation ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Ebv Reactivation ◽

Imaging Characteristics ◽

Single Center Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Epstein Barr Virus Reactivation

Abstract Background Our goal is to further elucidate the clinical condition and prognosis of patients with severe acute COVID-19 with EBV reactivation. Method This is a retrospective single-center study of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Wuhan No. 3 Hospital (January 31 to March 27, 2020). According to whether Epstein-Barr virus reactivation was detected, the patients were divided into an EBV group and a Non-EBV group. Baseline data were collected including epidemiological, larithmics, clinical and imaging characteristics, and laboratory examination data. Results Of the 128 patients with COVID-19, 17 (13.3%) were infected with Epstein-Barr virus reactivation. In the symptoms,the rate of tachypnoea in the EBV group was apparently higher than that in the Non-EBV group. In lab tests, the lymphocyte and albumin of EBV group decreased more significantly than Non-EBV group, and the D-dimer and serum calcium of EBV group was higher than Non-EBV group. Regarding the infection index, CRP of EBV group was apparently above the Non-EBV group, and no significant difference was found in procalcitonin of the two groups. The incidence of respiratory failure, ARDS, and hypoproteinaemia of EBV group had more incidence than Non-EBV group. The 28-day and 14-day mortality rates of EBV group was significantly higher than that of Non-EBV group. Conclusions In the COVID-19 patients, patients with EBV reactivation had higher 28-day and 14-day mortality rates and received more immuno-supportive treatment than patients of Non-EBV group.

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The Toxicity of Srikaya Seed Granules (Annona squamosa L.) with Different Heating Temperatures Against the Larva of Aedes aegypti L.

BIOEDUKASI ◽

10.19184/bioedu.v18i1.15683 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Rima Gloria Purwanto ◽

Dwi Wahyuni ◽

Joko Waluyo

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Heating Temperature ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Mosquito Larvae ◽

Annona Squamosa ◽

Forest Region ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lower Temperature

Abstract: Aedes aegypti L. is a mosquito carrying dengue virus that causes dengue fever, especially in Southeast Asia which is a tropical rain forest region which is a habitat for mosquito growth. Aedes aegypti L. mosquito control is carried out by chemical means of fogging and using abate but this control actually causes Aedes aegypti L. mosquitoes to become resistant or immune to chemical drugs so that a new breakthrough is created by making bioinsecticides biologically to eradicate the Aedes aegypti L. mosquito. with characteristics that are environmentally friendly and do not kill non-target animals and cause the Aedes aegypti L. mosquito not to become resistant. To be able to realize this desire so that the sugar cane granules extract of Annona squamosa L. containing active compounds in the form of annonain and squamosin so that they are toxic to Aedes aegypti L. mosquito larvae. Further research is to test the heating temperature level of the granules of Annona squamosa L. extract temperature of 40 ° C and 60 ° C which is more deadly of Aedes aegypti L. mosquito larvae. This research method uses a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The temperature of 60 ° C uses concentrations of 1 ppm, 6 ppm, 12 ppm, 18 ppm, 24 ppm and 30 ppm. As for the temperature of 40 ° C using concentrations of 1 ppm, 7 ppm, 14 ppm, 21 ppm, 28 ppm, and 35 ppm, each temperature compared with aquadest and abate. Data analyzed using probit analysis to determine the LC50, then followed by a statistical test paired sample T-test with SPSS to find out a significant difference between heating temperatures of 40 ° C to 60 ° C. These results then show that a higher temperature of 60 ° C has a higher level of toxicity compared to a lower temperature of 40 ° C.

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