Platinum Spark Plug Gap Adjustment to Fuel Consumption and CO Emission at 110cc Engine

Emissions compliance is a driving factor for internal combustion engine research pertaining to both new and old technologies. New standards and compliance requirements for off-road spark ignited engines are currently under review and include greenhouse gases. To continue operation of legacy natural gas engines, research is required to increase or maintain engine efficiency, while reducing emissions of carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, and volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde. A variety of technologies can be found on legacy, large-bore natural gas engines that allow them to meet current emissions standards — these include exhaust after-treatment, advanced ignition technologies, and fuel delivery methods. The natural gas industry uses a variety of spark plugs and tuning methods to improve engine performance or decrease emissions of existing engines. The focus of this study was to examine the effects of various spark plug configurations along with spark timing to examine any potential benefits. Spark plugs with varied electrode diameter, number of ground electrodes, and heat ranges were evaluated against efficiency and exhaust emissions. Combustion analyses were also conducted to examine peak firing pressure, location of peak firing pressure, and indicated mean effective pressure. The test platform was an AJAX-E42 engine. The engine has a bore and stroke of 0.216 × 0.254 meters (m), respectively. The engine displacement was 9.29 liters (L) with a compression ratio of 6:1. The engine was modified to include electronic spark plug timing capabilities along with a mass flow controller to ensure accurate fuel delivery. Each spark plug configuration was examined at ignition timings of 17, 14, 11, 8, and 5 crank angle degrees before top dead center. The various configurations were examined to identify optimal conditions for each plug comparing trade-offs among brake specific fuel consumption, oxides of nitrogen, methane, formaldehyde, and combustion stability.

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Effect of Fuel Injection Pressure & Fuel Supply Advance Angle on Characteristics of Butanol Diesel Blend Engine

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.299 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1044-1045 ◽

pp. 299-304

Author(s):

Ming Wei Xiao ◽

Jun Han Zhang ◽

Ting Ting Chen

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Fuel Injection ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Injection Pressure ◽

High Load ◽

Nox Emission ◽

Smoke Emission ◽

Fuel Supply ◽

Fuel Injection Pressure ◽

Co Emission

The paper studied the effect of fuel injection pressure and fuel supply advance angle on characteristics of butanol diesel blend engine.First,the results shows that when the volume ratio of butanol diesel is constant ,the fuel consumption and HC emission are the least under 20°CA.With increase of fuel supply advance angle ,the exhaust smoke emission and CO emission decreased largely under high load, but NOX emission increased largely. When the fuel supply advance angle is constant ,with the increase of volume ratio of butanol diesel ,the fuel consumption increased gradually, the exhaust smoke emission decreased largely, HC emission increased clearly, CO emission decreased largely but NOX emission increased.Third,with increase of fuel injection pressure,the exhaust smoke emission decreased largely ,NOx emission changed a little ,CO and HC emission increased largely.

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Minimum Fuel Consumption and CO Emission and Optimum Speed of the Motorcycle With a CVT

Volume 2A: 27th Design Automation Conference ◽

10.1115/detc2001/dac-21072 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Yuan Mao Huang ◽

Bi Shyang Hu

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Simulated Annealing Algorithm ◽

Gear Ratio ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Speed Ratio ◽

Optimum Speed ◽

Product Method ◽

Ratio Change ◽

Annealing Algorithm ◽

Co Emission

Abstract The simulated annealing algorithm with the Bessel method for the curve fitting and the tensor product method for the surface fitting was used to transform the discrete experimental data into the form that the method of optimization can use these data directly. The rotational speeds of an engine starting the movement and corresponding the optimum speed of a motorcycle, minimum speed ratio of a CVT, optimum tooth numbers of gears and the gear ratio for the specific engine data were obtained. The rotational speeds of an engine corresponding the beginning and ending of the CVT speed ratio change, the minimum fuel consumption and the CO emission, the optimum design parameters can be determined. The results of the design parameters can be recommended for the CVT with the specific engine.

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Minimum Fuel Consumption and CO Emission and Optimum Speed of the Motorcycle with a CVT

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.1625395 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 125 (4) ◽

pp. 311-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yuan Mao Huang ◽

Bi Shyang Hu

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Rotational Speed ◽

Simulated Annealing Algorithm ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Speed Ratio ◽

Engine Torque ◽

Design Variables ◽

Variable Transmission ◽

Ratio Change ◽

Co Emission

The simulated annealing algorithm with the Bessel method for curve fitting and the tensor product method for surface fitting is used to transform engine discrete experimental data into a form that enables these data to be incorporated in the optimization process. Optimum curves of the engine torque versus the engine rotational speed and the engine rotational speed versus the motorcycle speed for the fuel consumption and the carbon monoxide (CO) emission are obtained for a motorcycle with a continuously variable transmission (CVT). The engine rotational speed at which a motorcycle begins to move for the specific engine data is obtained. From design parameters, engine rotational speeds corresponding to the maximum and minimum CVT speed ratio change, the minimum fuel consumption and CO emission, and optimum design variables can be determined.

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Predicting Gas Leakage in the Rotary Engine—Part I: Apex and Corner Seals

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.4031873 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 138 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mathieu Picard ◽

Tian Tian ◽

Takayuki Nishino

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Power Density ◽

High Speed ◽

Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽

Gas Flows ◽

Gas Leakage ◽

Rotary Engine ◽

Spark Plug ◽

Engine Part ◽

Rotary Engines

The Wankel rotary engine offers a greater power density than piston engines, but higher fuel consumption and higher hydrocarbon emissions, in large part due to poor gas sealing. This paper presents a modeling approach to evaluate the gas leakage of apex and corner seals in rotary engines. The apex seal is modeled as a deformable beam and its dynamics is coupled with the gas flows around the seal. It is shown that the main leakage mechanisms are: (1) corner seal clearance leakage, (2) leakage around the apex seal through the spark plug cavities, and (3) flank leakage at high speed. The side piece corner orifice and the trailing spark plug cavity also contribute to leakage, but to a lesser extent. Leakage through the seal–housing interface is negligible as the apex seal can conform to the distorted shape of the rotor housing.

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PERFORMA MESIN MOTOR BERBAHAN BAKAR ETANOL DENGAN PERUBAHAN KAPASITAS MESIN DAN 2 BUSI

Jurnal Poli-Teknologi ◽

10.32722/pt.v17i3.1272 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Farid Majedi ◽

Fredy Susanto

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Research Method ◽

Gasoline Engine ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Performance Testing ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Test Machine ◽

Ethanol Fuel ◽

Spark Plug ◽

Engine Capacity

ABSTRACTPetroleum reserves are running low. To solve this problem by optimizing the use of petroleum products, used ethanol for gasoline replacement. The motor is modified so that the use of ethanol as a substitute for gasoline can be done. This study aims to see the engine performance with changes in engine capacity and the use of 2 spark plugs. This research method is to modify engine capacity from 113,7 cc to 100,45 cc and use 2 spark plugs. Performance testing of 95% ethanol fuel modification engine with Dynometer test machine, to determine power, torque and fuel consumption. Performance modification of gasoline engine and 1 spark plug is also tested, then compared. The results showed that the power in the engine capacity of 100.45 cc with ethanol fuel 95% smaller 7.3% compared to the power on the engine capacity of 100.45 cc with fuel pertalite. Torque on the engine capacity of 100.45 cc with ethanol fuel 95% smaller 7.5% compared to torque on the engine capacity of 100.45 cc with fuel pertalite. Fuel consumption on 100.45 cc engine fueled ethanol 95% larger 43.6% compared to fuel consumption in the engine capacity of 100.45 cc with fuel pertalite.Keywords : Engine capacity, 2 spark plugs, ethanol, Power, torque.ABSTRAKCadangan minyak bumi mulai menipis. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini dengan mengoptimalkan penggunaan produk minyak bumi, digunakan etanol untuk pengganti bensin. Motor dimodifikasi agar penggunaan etanol sebagai pengganti bensin dapat dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat performa mesin dengan perubahan kapasitas mesin dan penggunaan 2 busi. Metode penelitian ini adalah memodifikasi kapasitas mesin dari 113,7 cc menjadi 100,45 cc dan menggunakan 2 busi. Pengujian kinerja mesin modifikasi bahan bakar etanol 95% dengan mesin uji Dynometer, untuk menentukan daya, torsi dan konsumsi bahan bakar. Performa modifikasi mesin bahan bakar bensin dan 1 busi juga diuji, kemudian dibandingkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Daya pada mesin berkapasitas 100,45 cc dengan bahan bakar etanol 95% lebih kecil 7,3% dibandingkan pada daya pada mesin berkapasitas 100,45 cc dengan bahan bakar pertalite. Torsi pada mesin berkapasitas 100,45 cc dengan bahan bakar etanol 95% lebih kecil 7,5% dibandingkan torsi pada mesin berkapasitas 100,45 cc dengan bahan bakar pertalite. Konsumsi bahan bakar pada mesin berkapasitas 100,45 cc berbahan bakar etanol 95% lebih besar 43,6% dibandingkan konsumsi bahan bakar pada mesin berkapasitas 100,45 cc dengan bahan bakar pertalite.Kata kunci : Kapasitas mesin, 2 busi, etanol, Daya, torsi.

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EFFECT OF LOWER ETHANOL GASOLINE BLENDS ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SINGLE CYLINDER SI ENGINE

International Journal of Instrumentation Control and Automation ◽

10.47893/ijica.2012.1049 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 266-269

Author(s):

V. S. KUMBHAR ◽

D. G. MALI ◽

P. H. PANDHARE ◽

R. M. MANE

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Engine Speed ◽

Automotive Application ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Effective Pressure ◽

Si Engine ◽

Single Cylinder ◽

Performance And Emission ◽

Brake Mean Effective Pressure ◽

Co Emission

Alcohols, basically ethanol is considered as a leading alternative fuel for automotive application because of its ability to reduce the air pollution and cost of the fuel. This paper investigates the effect of lower ethanol gasoline blends (up to 20% by volume) on performance and emission characteristics of the single cylinder four stroke SI engine. Tests were carried out for power, torque, fuel consumption and brake mean effective pressure, while exhaust emissions were analyzed for CO, CO2, and HC by using different ethanol gasoline blends on volume basis at wide open throttle and variable engine speed from 4000 to 8000 rpm. Results were compared with the pure gasoline. It showed that as the ethanol content increases the power, torque, fuel consumption, brake mean effective pressure and CO2 emission while reduces HC and CO emission.

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ANALYSIS OF HYDROCARBON TREATING SYSTEM TO THE EMISSION OFF SPARK-IGNITION FOUR-STROKE ENGINE

Media Mesin: Majalah Teknik Mesin ◽

10.23917/mesin.v15i1.2294 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Binyamin Binyamin ◽

Subroto Subroto ◽

Tri Tjahjono

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

The Other ◽

Pollutant Concentration ◽

Emission Level ◽

Stroke Engine ◽

Co Emission

The reduction of carbon monoxide (CO), unburnthydrocarbon (UHC) emission and fuel consumption on spark-ignition four-stroke engine is continuously attempted. The purposes from this research were to determine the effect of Hydrocarbon Treating System (HTS) on levels of CO, UHC and fuel consumption. This is an experimental research. Its is conducted by comparing the exhaust pollutant concentration such as carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbon and also fuel consumption between standard engine setting and Hydrocarbon Treating System applied. The research variable are HTS flow rate from Q1 = 0 cc/s (without HTS), Q2 = 1,5 cc/s, Q3 = 2 cc/s, Q4 = 2,5 cc/s, and Q5 = 33 cc/s. The research will be done in three conditions which are low, medium and high rotation. The result showed that Hydrocarbon Threating System decrease fuel consumption up to 19,43% with flow rate Q5 = 3 cc/s, but on the other hand it increase CO emission up to 80.84% with flow rate Q5 = 3 cc/s and UHC emission level up to 124.75% with flow rate Q5 = 3 cc/s from engine standart condition.

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Analisis emisi gas buang dan daya sepeda motor pada volume silinder diperkecil

Dinamika Teknik Mesin ◽

10.29303/d.v8i1.154 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

I Made Mara ◽

I Made Adi Sayoga ◽

IGNK Yudhyadi ◽

I Made Nuarsa

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Gasoline Engine ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Gas Analyzer ◽

Hc Emissions ◽

Co Emission

This research aims to determine the effect of variations diameter pistons on exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. This research used a gasoline engine single-cylinder four-stroke with variations in cylinder volume 100 cc, 90 cc, 60 cc and engine rotation 1500 rpm, 2500 rpm, 3500 rpm, 4500 rpm, 6000 rpm. Data was collected in transmission N, 1, 2, 3, and 4 each of the three repetitions for each round engine rotation, using a gas analyzer 2400 ultra 4/5 IM Hanatech brand for exhaust emission of CO and HC. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that with decreasing diameter of piston up to 60 cc can reduce exhaust emissions, especially CO, HC and fuel consumption. The highest HC exhaust emissions was in 100 cc cylinder volume that is equal to 514.33 ppm while the lowest HC emissions obtained in 60 cc cylinder volume at 49.67 ppm. The highest CO emission was obtained on 100 cc cylinder by 4.64% volume, while the lowest CO emission was obtained on 60 cc cylinder by 0.31% volume. The highest CO2 emissions obtained in 60 cc cylinder amounted to 17.60% volume, while the lowest CO2 emission obtained at 100 cc cylinder amounted to 8.37% volume, and the highest fuel consumption obtained in 100 cc cylinder at 0.65 kg/h, and the lowest fuel consumption obtained in 60 cc cylinder by 0.06 kg/h.

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Study of Transit Priority Strategies on Intersection under Multi-Restrictions

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1736 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 253-255 ◽

pp. 1736-1740 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Li Ying Wei ◽

Rong Hua Wu ◽

Li Li Zhang ◽

Jian Sun ◽

Zhi Long Wang

Keyword(s):

Cellular Automata ◽

Urban Development ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Public Transport ◽

Traffic Congestion ◽

Queue Length ◽

First Time ◽

Co Emission

Recent years, traffic congestion is evolved into an urban disease that rejects to the urban development. Besides, it also makes multiples of exhaust pollution. To release this problem, the most effective way is to develop public transport. This paper established a model (PI) of transit priority strategies based on delay, queue length, quantities of wait vehicles, fuel consumption, CO emission, and HC emission. Among them, fuel consumption, CO emission, and HC emission are environment elements that added to this paper for the first time. After that, an evaluation is made based on cellular automata simulation, showing that the efficiency is improved by 17.7 percents when using multi-restrictions transit priority strategies, compared to that without any transit priority strategies.

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