The Figurative Structure of Ivan Bunin’s Story «The Snow Bull» («Snezhny Byk») (To the 150th Anniversary of the Birth)

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
E. M. Vinogradova

The study involves a philological analysis of Ivan Bunin’s story and reveals its multilevel structure. The relevance of the study stems from a growing popularity of Bunin’s works among readers and investigators. Moreover, some of his texts are included in a set of testing and assessment materials for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language as source texts for writing composition. The study is aimed at clarifying and specifying the interpretation of the story based on linguistic analysis in terms of the writer’s biography and legacy. The author identifies the patterns of the lexical structure and composition of Bunin’s story, unfolding the text at the common level as well as at the symbolic one. The author focuses on the title character of the work, which is a counterpoint to psychological and moral-philosophical issues, as well as to other means of revealing subtext semantics. The research methodology involves lexical, intertextual and motif analysis; the research results are presented mainly using the method of linguistic commenting. The research outcomes embrace the philological results (interpretation of the story The Snow Bull, identification of the universal patterns of Bunin’s artistic style and dominants of his vision) and didactic findings (validation of such works as The Snow Bull as the examination material for the USE in the Russian language).

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Nina S. Bolotnova

This article is aimed at presenting a methodology for the conceptual analysis of poetic texts based on their lexical structure using the theory of communicative stylistics. The lexical structure of the literary text is considered to be a means of aсquainting the reader with the values manifested therein. The study of values intertwined within written works is particularly significant for the development of an axiological approach to teaching the Russian language. This article proposes a method for a sequential analysis of the lexical structure of a poetic text, which can be used at Russian language lessons.


2021 ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
A.B. Bocharov

This work is devoted to the analysis of the book by A.V. Malinov “Research and Articles on Russian Philosophy”. The main subject-content and thematic-subject lines of the book are revealed: philosophy of Slavophiles; historical, cultural and philosophical contexts of V.S. Solovyov and V.V. Rozanov; professional philosophy in Russia. Points to the variety of genres published in a collection of articles and materials of historical and philosophical articles, teaching materials (lectures and paragraphs from the textbooks), archival materials, methodological reflections. The author considers the interpretations of A.S. Khomyakov, the Slavophil ideas of O.F. Miller, the evolution of ideas about the common Slavic language, the attitude of V.S. Solovyov with N.I. Kareyev and St. Petersburg Slavophiles (including the polemic of V.S. Soloviev with the Slavophiles in the last work of the Russian philosopher – “Three Conversations”), V.V. Rozanov with the Slavophiles and V.I. Lamansky, features of V.V. Rozanov, the philosophical heritage of A.I. Vvedensky and the controversy caused by him, the place of L.P. Karsavin in the tradition of teaching the philosophy of history at St. Petersburg University, the specifics and historical path traversed by university philosophy in Russia, the modernization of the methods of modern historical and philosophical research, etc. The author notes the author's appeal to little-studied representatives of Russian philosophy, original interpretations of biographical and historical-philosophical plots, the use of the expressive possibilities of the Russian language, enriching the interpretive possibilities of the historiography of Russian philosophy. The conclusion is made about the preservation of the “Russian canon” in the research of Russian philosophy, about its heuristic possibilities. The author's intention is explained and the value of research of this kind, serving the purpose of reinterpreting the ideas of Russian philosophy, solving the problem of preserving the values and meanings of Russian culture in the modern historical and cultural context, is indicated.


2020 ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Danilo Božović

The article presents a retrospective analysis and focuses on the possibility of relying on a common Church Slavonic element that has been preserved in the Russian and Serbian languages. It points to the common roots of the Russian and Serbian languages, notes the great influence of All-Slavic Orthodox literary activity on Old Russian literature and language, as well as the influence of Russian intelligentsia and Russian language in general on the language and mentality of educated Serbs in the 18th and 19th centuries. At the same time, the negative impact of the West (primarily Austria) on the separation of the Serbian language from Russian through the reform of the Serbian language and alphabet, which was carried out with the participation of Vuk Karadzic, is shown. The article assesses the activities of Serbian intellectuals and pro-Western Serbian politicians of the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries in shaping the attitude of Serbian society towards the Church Slavonic language, Church Slavism in Serbian language and the Russian language. The presented analysis contributes to the formation of a position among Serbian Russian students, future teachers and translators in the field of intercultural communication, and the growth of professional competence.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
A.D. Vasilyev ◽  

Statement of the problem. The norm is an extremely important category that serves to regulate the diverse activities of society. With the help of ideas about the norm, an axiological scale is formed. Depending on the fundamental circumstances this scale is subject to remarking: the sacred and the profane change places. This also applies to issues of language policy, most clearly found in the field of spelling. It is in establishing uniform rules of spelling and punctuation that the state manifests its will in the most visible way. The purpose of the article is sociolinguistic analysis of spelling reforms and their results. Research methodology. Sociolinguistic analysis involves the analysis of language phenomena on the basis of the stated concept in specific historical and social conditions, as well as taking into account social, psychological, and linguistic characteristics of the audience to which they are aimed. The results of the study. The history of the Russian language knows cases of radical spelling reforms. However, the most famous of them (1917), when spelling was drastically simplified to facilitate its mastering by people at large, entailed very negative psychosocial ramifications, in effect, a sharply contemptuous disregard of rules. The most recent example of the project for the Russian spelling reform in the 21 st century was developed in 2007, but did not receive official approval. Conclusions. Russian should be strictly regulated in accordance with the existing rules of the Russian written language, based on the sacred status of the Russian language as one of the key symbols of the state. It is also advisable to regularly publish constantly updated spelling dictionaries after their mandatory official approval.


Author(s):  
Leonid M. Luks ◽  

The common thread in the life history of Aleksander Wat is his skepticism to­ward absolute truths and their heralds. He was untrue to this principle for only a few years when he followed an “association” that supposedly held the truth – the communist movement. Wat regarded this relatively short “dogmatic sleep” as the biggest mistake of his life. Because of it, he contributed to spreading of one of the most inauspicious teachings of the twentieth century and burdened himself with unforgivable guilt. This disenchantment process was fueled by his longstanding confrontation with Soviet reality. Wat was outsider and an insider at the same time and could observe the Soviet experiment from both a distance and from up close. As a universally educated Central European, he also belonged to the great authorities on Russian culture and had complete command of the Russian language in all its nuances. This made it easy for him to integrate into Russian developments in a general European context, and at the same time to un­derstand the most important characteristics of Russia’s “special historical path”. In Wat’s eyes, Russia is a Janus-headed object. It has both a repulsive – as he put it – “Asiatic” face, and a charming European one. For Wat, Asia did not repres­ent the cradle of civilization, on the contrary. For him it virtually epitomized tyranny and disregard of human rights.


Author(s):  
Yu.A. Lysenko ◽  
M.V. Rygalova ◽  
Y.N. Yegorenkova

The problem of homogeneity and integrity of the Russian Empire state territories became topical in the se-cond half of the 19th century. Its resolution was reflected in the administrative and legal integration, based on the policy of Russification and introduction of the Russian language in all spheres of life of the society. The purpose of this article is to reconstruct the mechanisms and particularities of the implementation of this policy in the Central Asian outskirts of the Russian Empire — the Governor-Generalship of the Steppes. The study is based on a wide range of hsitorical sources — regulations and paperwork, most of which have been identified in archives and in-troduced into the scientific discourse for first time. It has been revealed that the implementation of the Russifica-tion policy in the Steppe Territory followed two directions. The first one involved the introduction of paperwork management in Russian language into the local governments system. This process iniciated very actively in the beginning of the 20th century after the settlement of the legal status of the Russian language in the Russian Em-pire. Applicants for the positions of volost, aul and kishlak rulers, which were elective, were required to pass an exam on Russian language knowledge the prior to the ballot. Failure in the exam would immediately disqualify the candidate from further electoral process. The second important direction of expanding the influence of the Rus-sian language in the Steppe Territory was the educational policy related to the formation of a secular school edu-cation system and the mandatory inclusion of the Russian language course into the educational process. A net-work of Russian-Kyrgyz, Russian-aul, and missionary schools, Cyrillic-based alphabets for regional languages, educational-methodological literature in Russian were created in the region. The Russian language course be-came compulsory in programs of Muslim metebas and madrassas to raise the effectiveness of the Russification policy. Until the end of the imperial period, regional authorities failed to form a staff of ethnic officials who could speak Russian. The level of knowledge of the Russian language in the rest of the indigenous population remained extremely low, which was due to unpopularity of the Russian school system. Thus, it can be stated that the poten-tial of the Russian language as a means of integration into the common empire space was not fully utilized. At the same time, it cannot be denied, that Russian culture, historically close to Muslim peoples of the Central Asian region, embodied in the imperial educational system, played a positive role, acting as a conductor of their in-volvement in the achievements of European civilization.


Author(s):  
Svetlana G. Airapetova

We considered methods of teaching Russian language and literature. To satisfy the student's desire for creativity we used various forms of work on editing, correcting texts on each lesson. We paid much attention to the study of vocabulary and stylistics. Practical stylistics considers ways to best use of speech tools. We gave the concept of “school” stylistics. We gave examples that give a rich material for stylistic analysis. We placed the emphasis on the fact that the artistic style differs from other styles of the Russian language primarily by a special aesthetic function. If spoken speech performs a communicative function – the function of direct communication, scientific and official business – an informative function – the function of communication (scientific or business), then the artistic style performs an aesthetic function, the function of an emotional-like influence on the reader or listener. Esthetic function defines fiction language, focuses attention on how ordinary words, used in everyday life, having been included in the poem, the story or the novel, get a special poetic charm, charm, depth for some reason.


Author(s):  
N. V. Yudina

The paper is focused on the research and description of several active processes in Russian orthography and punctuation of the 21st century. The following tendencies are most specific: difference between the codified recommendations of rules and the written (orthographic and punctuative) practice; wish of a modern language personality to make the linguistic activity creative, use the expressive means of graphics, orthography and punctuation and draw attention of those who read and write; intentional violation of the orthographic and punctuative norms caused either by a low level of the written communication, neglect of the existing rules, or motive to the linguistic self-identification. The tendencies in the dynamics of Russian orthography and punctuation are viewed as an active part of the common processes in the Russian language and speech. The research makes it possible to investigate and review the existing orthographic and punctuative norms in order to meet the “challenges of time” and build a reasonable and functional dialogue between a modern language personality and the normative “laws” of the Russian language of the 21st century.


Author(s):  
Мария Антоновна Савина

Введение. Рассматриваются особенности семантики и употребления оценочных глаголов со значением «регулярное употребление алкоголя в больших количествах», которые образуют одно из микрополей, входящих в состав семантического поля «пьянство». Цель – анализ оценочной семантики глаголов выбранного для исследования микрополя. Материал и методы. В исследовании использованы материалы Национального корпуса русского языка и различных толковых словарей, методы сплошной выборки, контекстуального, компонентного и дефиниционного анализа. Результаты и обсуждение. Ядерной лексемой микрополя является глагол «пить» (диапазон потенциальных оценочных значений этого глагола очень широк, хотя сам по себе глагол является безоценочным). Остальные глаголы микрополя детализируют семантику ядерной лексемы. В зависимости от дополнительных компонентов в лексическом значении глаголов варьируется эмоциональная оценка, которую они выражают (у глагола «употреблять» эта оценка отсутствует вовсе). Рациональная оценка (негативная) остается неизменной у всех глаголов. Например, глаголы «испивать» и выражение «глушить водкой» обладают отрицательной рациональной оценкой и противоречивой эмоциональной оценкой (ее можно охарактеризовать как «сочувствие»). Внутри выбранного микрополя выделяется группа просторечно-арготических глаголов, которые характеризуются общей семой «чрезмерность», одинаковой стилистической принадлежностью и похожим контекстуальным окружением. Сема «чрезмерность» усиливает негативную эмоциональную оценку, выражаемую этими глаголами. Другую небольшую группу формируют глаголы, обладающие общими потенциальными семами «как животное» и «потеря человеческого облика», которые часто актуализируются с помощью окружающего контекста. Наличие этих семантических компонентов значительно усиливает негативную эмоциональную оценку. Заключение. Лексическое значение глаголов выбранного микрополя может содержать различные оценочные компоненты. Большинство глаголов выражают как рациональную, так и эмоциональную оценку, которая широко варьируется в зависимости от многих факторов. Внутри микрополя формируются новые парадигматические связи, некоторые глаголы приобретают новые грамматические характеристики. В целом оценку, которую выражают глаголы выбранного микрополя, нельзя охарактеризовать как однозначную. Introduction. This paper discusses the features of the use and semantics evaluation of verbs from the microfield “regular consumption of alcohol in large quantities” (one of the microfields that make up the semantic field “binge drinking”). The goal is to analyze the evaluation value of the verbs of the selected microfield. Material and methods. The article is written on the material of the National Corpus of the Russian Language and various explanatory dictionaries. The methods of continuous sampling, contextual and definitional analysis were used. Results and discussion. The evaluative component of the verb «пить» ‘drink’ (the core lexeme of the microfield) can be reconstructed only from the surrounding context, the range of evaluative values of this verb is very wide. The verb “употреблять” ‘use’ and“злоупотреблять” ‘abuse’ have a negative rational assessment (as a rule, these verbs do not have an emotional assessment). The verbs “пить” ‘drink’ and the expression “глушить водку” ‘to hit vodka hard’ have a negative rational and a conflicting emotional assessment (sympathy). Within the selected microfield, a group of verbs of argot origin is distinguished: they are characterized by a common seme ‘excessiveness’ and a similar contextual environment. Another separate group is composed by verbs with the common potential semes ‘animal’ and ‘loss of human appearance’. These semes are often actualized with the surrounding context. Conclusion. The lexical meaning of the verbs of the selected microfield can contain various evaluative components. Some verbs express both rational and emotional judgment. New paradigmatic connections are formed within the microfield and some verbs acquire interesting syntactic features.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-589
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Jevgenyevna Kirillova

The article considers geographical terms for designating streets and lanes in the Udmurt language based on the study of a large corpus of godonyms. In the study of microtoponyms collected by the author and other toponymists on the territory of Udmurtia and beyond of it - in the places of residence of Udmurts - the author managed to identify a significant number of words expressing these concepts. The words ulcha and uram are used to express the concept of ‘street’ in the Udmurt language, which is confirmed by the data of Udmurt toponymy. Special attention is paid to the description of common nouns with the meaning ‘lane’ recorded in microtoponyms, since this layer of vocabulary has not yet been considered in detail by anyone. The performed review indicates that a number of lexemes can act as common words used in this meaning. Taking into account different variants, the author identified 13 units in total. The etymological analysis of the analyzed geographical terms suggests that they are heterogeneous in origin. The common nouns borrowed from the Russian language are wide spread. Geographical terms of Udmurt and pre-Permian or Finno-Permian origin have a slightly lower frequency of use. A small number of lexemes are derived from the Turkic languages. Mixed Udmurt-Russian and Udmurt-Tatar formations are represented in a single number.


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