scholarly journals The Effect of Bio, Organic and Mineral Fertilizations on the Activity of the Urease, L-Glutaminase and L-Aspartase Enzymes in the Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Luma S. Al-Taweel ◽  
Naseer Jawad Kazim

The study aimed to investigate the effect of the application of various sources of fertilizers on the activity of urease, L-glutaminase, and L-aspartase enzymes in the rhizosphere and bulk soils. Pots experiment was carried out in the wire canopy in one of the fields affiliated to the Faculty of Agriculture - the University of Qadisiyah for the summer season 2018 in soil with a silty loam texture. Seeds of mung bean crops were cultivated of a local variety (Khedrawi). The treatments of the study were two levels of nitrogenous mineral fertilizer (urea) (M1 and M2) (20 and 40) kg.N.h-1, respectively, a single level of organic fertilizer (poultry waste) (10 tons h-1), a single level of bio-fertilizer with Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria, the control, and their interactions. The experiment was carried out according to Completely Randomized Design (C.R.D) with six replications. Means were compared according to the (L.S.D) test at the probability level (α=0.05(. The efficiency of urase, L-clotamene, and L-aspartase in the soil of the root zoon and bulk soil were estimated for all study parameters 30 days after planting. These measurements were done once again for some characteristics of vegetative and root growth after 60 days of planting. The bio-fertilizer treatment (B) resulted in the highest increase in the efficiency of the urease enzyme and L-aspartase for 30 days of cultivation compared to the control treatment that recorded the least value of the enzyme activity average (45.22 and 42.54) µg N-NH4+.g-1 soil.2h-1, respectively, for the rhizosphere and bulk soils. These values were increased after 60 days of cultivation (45.34 and 43.16) µg N-NH4+.g-1 soil.2h-1, respectively, for the rhizosphere and bulk soils. This treatment achieves the highest increase in the activity of L-enzymes (25.89 and 24.72) µg N-NH4+.g-1 soil.2h-1, respectively, for the region of the rhizosphere and beyond. It increased after 60 days of cultivation (26.23 and 25.06) µg N-NH4+.g-1 soil.2h-1, respectively, for the region of the rhizosphere and bulk soils. The treatment of poultry wastes (O) resulted in the highest increase in the value of the activity of the L-clotamines enzyme in the rhizosphere and bulk soils for a period of 30 days from planting (43.47 and 57.39) µg N-NH4+.g-1 soil.2h-1, respectively. Its activity values then increased after 60 days of cultivation, reaching (44.33 and 40.43) µg N-NH4+.g-1 soil.2h-1, respectively. The overlap treatment between poultry residues and biofertilizers (OB) achieved the highest increase in the activity value for the urase enzyme, L-clotamines and L-aspartase in root zoon soil and distant soil for 30 days of cultivation (54.47, 46.84 and 28.28 µg N-NH4+.g-1 soil.2h-1, respectively, for the rhizosphere and (49.14, 37.81 and 23.94) µg N-NH4+.g-1 soil.2h-1, respectively. The activity of enzymes then increased after 60 days of cultivation (54.56, 47.69 and 28.62) µg N-NH4+.g-1 soil.2h-1, respectively, for the rhizosphere (49.23, 38.67 and 24.18) µg N-NH4+.g-1 soil.2h-1, respectively, for the bulk soil. The combination treatments between poultry residues, bio-fertilizer, and urea at level II (OBM2) achieved the highest increase in the activity values for urease enzyme, L-clotamines and L-aspartase in root zoon soil and bulk soil for 30 days of cultivation (58.46, 48.58 and 30.40) µg N-NH4+.g-1 soil.2h-1, respectively for the rhizosphere, and (54.13, 46.30 and 27.62) µg N-NH4+.g-1 soil.2h-1, respectively, for the bulk soil. The activity of enzymes then increased 60 days after planting (58.55, 49.44 and 30.74) µg N-NH4+.g-1 soil.2h-1, respectively, for the rhizosphere (54.22, 47.15 and 27.96) µg N-NH4+.g-1 soil.2h-1, respectively, outside the rhizosphere.

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 9643-9653
Author(s):  
Ratih Sandrakirana ◽  
Zainal Arifin

Soybean is known for its high protein content, which is the reason why it is widely used as one of the main food sources for humans and animals. In order to optimize soybean growth, farmers tend to add excessive dosage of chemical fertilizer to this crop. Furthermore, a continuous chemical fertilizer application without organic fertilizer addition may cause a rapid depletion of nutrients in the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of organic fertilizer treatment to reduce the amount of urea as chemical fertilizer needed in soybean cultivation. A complete randomized design was conducted using 21 treatments of organic and chemical fertilizer in triplicate with a 4x3 m plot size. Analysis of variance was carried out to compare the means of measurement data and Duncan multiple range test (DMRT 5%) was applied. The treatment 2,000 kg ha-1 compost + 50 kg ha-1 urea (O2K2A1) resulted the highest dry yield in soybean and had significant differences with urea-only treatment. A mixture of chemical and organic fertilizers had no significant result over the yield compared to the use of chemical fertilizer only. Compost application of 1,000-2,000 kg ha-1 with urea 50-100 kg ha-1 (O2K2A1 and O 2K1A2) showed an increase in seed yield of 35-38 % with a profit reaching 333-340 USD ha-1 compared to standard treatment using urea 50 kg ha -1 + SP-36 50 kg ha-1 + 50 KCl kg ha-1 (O0K0A1).


Author(s):  
Maria Sastriana ◽  
Ngadiani Ngadiani

The aim of this study was to compare the organic fertilizer of azolla pinnata and banana peel and a combination of azolla pinnata and banana peel with the same concentration of 800 ppm to the weight of harvest and the chlorophyll content of ground spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.). The experiment was carried out experimentally using a completely randomized design with control treatment, 800 ppm azolla pinnata, 800 ppm banana skin and a combination of azolla pinnata and banana peels 800 ppm which were repeated 6 times each. The application was carried out by pouring 800 ppm of azolla pinnata, 800 ppm of banana peel and a combination of azolla pinnata and 800 ppm banana peel on each gutter. The results showed that azolla pinnata and banana peel nutrition had a significant effect (P <0.05) on harvest weight and chlorophyll content of ground spinach plants (Ipomoea reptans Poir.). Nutrition azolla pinnata and banana peel with a concentration of 800 ppm can increase the weight of the land spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) Which has the highest average. In testing the chlorophyll content, the results of chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content and the highest total chlorophyll content was found in azolla pinnata 800 ppm nutrition. The results of this study concluded that 800 ppm azolla pinnata, 800 ppm banana peel and 800 ppm combination of azolla pinnata and banana peel in the growth of ground spinach plants (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) Were effective to increase harvest weight and increase chlorophyll content of land spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) Namely chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll of land spinach plants (Ipomoea reptans Poir.).   Keywords: ground kale, azolla pinnata, banana peel, harvest weight, test of chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll.


2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alridiwirsah ◽  
Koko Tampubolon ◽  
Fransisca Natalia Sihombing ◽  
Andi Agus Suprianto ◽  
Zavandri Purba

Abstract This study aimed to identify the optimum rice stem cutting size combined with the application of Seprint liquid organic fertilizer (SLOF) to promote the growth and yield of ratoon rice. This research was conducted in a greenhouse at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, from January to August 2018. The experiment was set up as a completely randomized design factorial with four replications. The first factor consisted of the cutting sizes of the rice stem (R1 = 5 cm, R2 = 10 cm, and R3 = 15 cm) and the second factor involved the SLOF dosage (S1 = 5 mL L −1 , S2 = 10 mL L −1 , and S3 = 15 mL L −1 ). The parameters were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the means were determined by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that the R2 treatment significantly increased the ratoon rice height at 10 to 30 days after cutting (DAC), the number of tillers at 40 to 60 DAC, the number of productive tillers, and the yield per hectare. The S2 and S3 applications at significantly increased the yield per hill and ratoon rice height at 20 DAC. The R2S1 and R2S2 combination treatments significantly increased the number of filled grains per panicle and the ratoon rice height at 10 DAC. Cutting the stems at 10 cm combined with various dosages of SLOF resulted in greater growth and yield of ratoon rice for achieving an adequate food supply.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Ni Komang Alit Astiari ◽  
Luh Kartini ◽  
Ni Putu Anom Sulistiawati ◽  
I Nyoman Rai

The research aimed to find out the efforts to produce off-season orange fruit and increase the quality of fruit through the application of potassium nitrate and agrodyke organic fertilizer. The study used a factorial randomized block design with 2 treatment factors. The first factor is the flower induction application using potassium nitrate (K) consisting of 3 levels, namely (K0 = 0 g/tree), (K1 = 20 g/tree), and (K2 = 40 g/tree). While the second factor is the application of agrodyke organic fertilizer (P) consisting of 4 levels, namely (P0 = 0 g / tree), (P1 = 15 g/tree), (P2 = 30 g / tree) and (P3 = 45 g/tree). There are 12 combination treatments and each of them is repeated 3 times so that 36 tree plants are needed. The results showed the interaction between potassium nitrate treatment with agrodyke organic fertilizer treatment had no significant effect on all observed variables. Potassium nitrate treatment and agrodyke organic fertilizer can significantly improve the quality of orange citrus fruit out of season physically. In the treatment of potassium nitrate 40 g/tree, the weight of the harvested fruit per tree was obtained, the weight per fruit and the highest fruit diameter were 13703.90 g; 99.92 g and 6.81 cm or an increase of 62.24%; 16.32% and 9.49% compared with no treatment of potassium nitrate which is 8446.60 g; 87, 42 g and 6.22 cm.


Author(s):  
J.N. Abedalrahman ◽  
R.J. Mansor ◽  
D.R. Abass

A field experiment was carried out in the field of  College of Agriculture / University of Wasit, located on longitude 45o 50o33.5o East and latitude 32o 29o 49.8o  North, in the spring agricultural season 2019. The experiment was designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replication and four treatments that include each of the SWRT treatment (use of plastic films under plant root area in an engineering style) treatment of vegetal fertilizer (using Petmos), organic fertilizer (sheep manure), and control treatment. The bulk density values of soil profile for the season increased compared to their values before planting. It is noticed that the values of bulk density of soil increased with depth, ranging between 1.22 - 1.27 Mg m-3 for SWRT treatment and between 1.28 - 1.31 Mg m-3 for plant fertilizer treatment and between 1.22 - 1.32 Mg m-3 for animal manure treatment and between 1.29-1.34 Mg m-3 for control treatment. The values of saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil decreased with depth after the end of the season ranged between 0.41-0.47 cm / hour for SWRT treatment and between 0.21 -0.24 cm / hour for petmos treatment and between 0.14-0.2 cm / hour for animal manure treatment and between 0.17-0.2 cm / hour for control treatment. The rate of infiltration rate and accumulative infiltration decreased for all treatments after the end of potato growth season compared to their value before planting, and the SWRT treatment gave the highest values compared to the rest treatments.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahrinudin Syahrinudin ◽  
Wahjuni Hartati ◽  
Triyono Sudarmadji ◽  
Nurman Krisdianto ◽  
Ibrahim Ibrahim

Abstract. Syahrinudin, Hartati W, Sudarmadji T, Krisdianto N, Ibrahim. 2019. Biochar enriched with organic fertilizer improves the survival and growth rate of Anthocepalus cadamba seedlings planted on degraded spodosols. Biodiversitas 20: 3741-3750. The application of biochar for the improvement of soil properties and fertility has drawn enormous interest worldwide nowadays and numerous application options are now available. This research was aimed to evaluate the effects of the application of biochar and organic fertilizers on the survival and growth of Anthocepalus cadamba seedlings planted on degraded spodosols soil on bioassay trial in the nursery. Bioassay trial was carried out in the nursery of Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia, employing a 2-factors Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factor 1 was the rate of biochar application (i.e. six levels of treatment: 0 (control), 2, 5, 10, 25 and 100%v of biochar), and factor 2 (enrichment of organic fertilizers, i.e. with enrichment and without enrichment), and each treatment combination had 3 replications. The results showed that biochar application alone improved height and diameter growth rate of A. cadamba seedlings by 253% and 116% of control treatment (without biochar), respectively. Enrichment of organic fertilizers gave further improvement in height and diameter growth rate of A. cadamba seedlings to 386% and 150% of control treatment (without biochar), respectively. Furthermore, biochar application improved survival and biomass growth rate of the seedlings. Enrichment of organic fertilizers into biochar improved not only seedling growth rate but also more interestingly the carrying capacity of spodosols to biochar application rate. We concluded that biochar application complemented with enrichment of organic fertilizers on spodosols is highly promising for the improvement of both soil carbon sequestration and plant growth performance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3241
Author(s):  
Geocleber Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Andreza de Melo Mendonça ◽  
Jonnathan Richeds da Silva Sales ◽  
Francisco Barroso da Silva Junior ◽  
João Gutemberg Leite Moraes ◽  
...  

The excess of salts may compromise the growth and physiological functions of plants, but the use of bovine organic fertilizer can mitigate these effects. It was intended was to evaluate the saline stress in soil with and without bovine organic fertilizer on the initial growth, the accumulation of biomass and the gas exchanges of the okra culture. The test was conducted at the UNILAB’s experimental farm, in Piroás, in Redenção – CE city. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design with five replications, in a 5 x 2 factorial concerning five irrigation water salinity levels (1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0 and 5.0 dS m-1), in the presence and absence of bovine organic fertilizer. Plant height, stem diameter, root length, a dry mass of shoot, photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance were evaluated. The bovine organic fertilizer promoted better means in initial growth and biomass in okra plants compared to the control treatment, thus showing efficiency in the attenuation of the salts present in irrigation water. The increase in the saline concentration of the irrigation water reduced the gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration) in okra plants. Nonetheless, in smaller proportions in the soil with the bovine organic fertilizer.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (34) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
N’Goran Kouadio Emmanuel ◽  
Ama Tamia Joséphine Epse Abina ◽  
Yoboue Ahou Natachat Epse Kouakou

Pour restaurer et améliorer la fertilité des sols en culture de coton, l’arachide (Arachis hypogaea L) a été utilisée comme précédent cultural. L’expérimentation a été faite suivant un dispositif en blocs de Fisher avec quatre (4) répétitions et cinq (5) traitements, sur deux années (2018 et 2019). Les résultats ont montré que l’arrière effet de l’arachide (la biomasse et l’azote résiduel issue de la symbiose entre la légumineuse et les bactéries) a amélioré la croissance et le développement végétatif des plants de cotonnier. L’impact de cet apport organique s’est traduit par des plants de cotonniers statistiquement plus grand, (hauteur supérieur à 100 cm) pour le traitement T5 (précédent arachide + dose complet d’engrais). Le traitement T4 (précédent arachide + ½ dose d’engrais) quant à lui a généré un nombre moyen de capsules supérieur à 8 à la seconde campagne. Il ressort également que le précédent arachide associé à la dose complète et à la demi dose de fumure minérale améliore mieux le rendement du coton-graine. Des gains de 3 à 14 % à la 1ère campagne et 19 à 58 % à la deuxième campagne ont été enregistrés. Ainsi, la rotation arachide/coton est une bonne pratique, à encourager. To restore and improve soil fertility in cotton cultivation, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L) was used as a previous crop. The experimentation was done in a Fisher block design with four (4) replications and five (5) treatments, over two years (2018 and 2019). The results showed that the after-effect of the peanut (biomass and residual nitrogen from the symbiosis between the legume and the bacteria) improved the growth and vegetative development of the cotton plants. The impact of this organic fertilizer resulted in statistically larger cotton plants (height greater than 100 cm) for treatment T5 (previous groundnut + full dose of fertilizer). Treatment T4 (previous groundnut + ½ dose of fertilizer) generated an average number of bolls greater than 8 in the second season. It also appears that the groundnut precedent associated with different doses of mineral fertilizer improves seed cotton yields. Gains of 3 to 14% in the first season and 19 to 58% in the second season were recorded. Thus, the groundnut/cotton rotation is a good practice that should be encouraged.


2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.O. AdeOluwa ◽  
G.O. Adeoye ◽  
S.A. Yusuff

AbstractChemical fertilizers for boosting crop production are becoming more expensive and scarce. Green amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) is a fast growing and highly nutritious crop, but its common use in the diet of Nigerians is constrained by its high demand for nitrogen fertilizer. Thus, there is a need to find local fertilizer materials that are readily available to peasant farmers. A preliminary field study was conducted to evaluate urine and neem (Azadirachta indica L. juss) as alternative sources for mineral fertilizers in fortifying organic fertilizer (OF) made from cow dung and market waste compost, and OF fortified with urea and bone meal [organo-mineral fertilizer (OMF)], for yield and growth of green amaranth. Fifteen treatments, based on the percentages of N supplied, were NPK15-15-15, OMF, OF, urine, neem and ten treatments of 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90% OF supplemented with a total of 50, 40, 30, 20 and 10% urine or neem, respectively, to provide a total application rate of 100 kg N ha−1, with no fertilizer treatment as a control. Planting was done in two successions (main with fertilizer treatments and residual without further application). The fertilizer sources and levels had significant effects on plant height, number of leaves, stem girth, fresh weight and dry weight. The residual effects were also significant for plant height, number of leaves, total fresh and dry weights. Forty percent N urine amendment of the OF produced the highest total fresh amaranth biomass (269.3 g plot−1 main effect and 110.8 g plot−1 residual effect), which was significantly better than the values of (140 and 35.3 g plot−1, respectively) obtained with respect to OMF during main planting and NPK during residual planting. Results of our study reveal that 40% N urine fortification of OF was a viable substitute for synthetic fertilizers in production of amaranth, and that urine and neem cake can be alternatives to mineral fertilizer for crop production.


AGRIFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Sulastri Sulastri ◽  
Hery Sutejo ◽  
Abdul Fatah

The aim of research was to determine the effect of Agrobost liquid organic fertilizers on the growth and yields of greens mustard, and to find the proper concentration of Agrobost liquid organic fertilizer to obtain the highest yield of green mustard.The research was conducted in Sumber Rejo Village, Sub.district of Sekolaq Darat, West Kutai Regency.  It was conducted from February 2016 to April 2016.The research used a single factor in a completely randomized design (CRD).  The research factor wasan Agrobost Liquid Organic Fertilizer (A), with six replications.  It consisted of six treatments, namely: no application of Agrobost liquid organic fertilizer or control (a0), 2 ml/l water (a1), 4 ml/l water (a2), 6 ml/lwater (a3), 8 ml/l water (a4), and 10 ml/lwater (a5).The research results revealed that the Agrobost liquid organic fertilizer treatment affected very significantly on the crop height at 2, 3, and 4 weeks after planting, leaf number at 2, 3, and 4 weeks after planting, and fresh weight per crop. The highest parameters observed (crop height, leaf number, and fresh weight per crop) were attained at a5 teratment. The highest fresh weight was attained at a5 treatment, namely 250.67 g.  Meanwhile, the lowest one was attained at a0 treatment, with only 61.83 g.


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