Meta-Analysis on Efficacy of Vaccination against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Mastitis is a common disease responsible for the biggest economic loss in the dairy industry. Antibiotic therapy does not provide long-term protection. And residue is a major concern in food safety. Vaccination is an alternative control method with great potential for bovine mastitis. Our study focus on evaluating vaccine efficacy regarding reducing the incidence of clinical and subclinical mastitis. Meta-analysis was used to pool data extracted from previous studies. 26 records from 13 studies were examined. A fixed effect model was constructed assigning incidence as the measurement of the outcome. Risk ratio (RR) was the parameter that measured the incidence differences between treated group and control group. Studies and records were categorised based on vaccine antigens. In vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus, RR was 0.76; 95% CI (0.65,0.89), while in vaccine against Escherichia coli RR was 0.96; 95% CI (0.86,1.08).

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The Efficacy of Flupentixol-Melitracen in the Adjuvant Therapy of Ulcerative Colitis in the Chinese Population: A Meta-Analysis

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2019/3480732 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaoqian Zhou ◽

Lei Zhao ◽

Ping Yang ◽

Yaxi Chen ◽

Xiong Z. Ruan

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Adjuvant Therapy ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Fixed Effect Model ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Effect Model

Objectives. Our aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of flupentixol-melitracen in the adjuvant therapy of ulcerative colitis patients in the Chinese population. Methods. Both the RevMan 5.2 and the Stata 12.0 software are used in this study for analysis, and a fixed-effect model (the Mantel-Haenszel method) or a random-effect model (the DerSimonian and Laird method) is used to merge or aggregate the risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence intervals (CI) of included studies. Results. Eleven trials involving 654 ulcerative colitis patients (treated group: 328; control group: 326) were analyzed in this study. Significant differences (RR=1.29, 95% CI=1.20 to 1.40, P<0.001) between patients were observed between the two groups. Conclusions. Our results suggested that the efficacy of flupentixol-melitracen in the adjuvant therapy of ulcerative colitis is better than traditional drug treatments.

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Influence of Removable Denture Cleaning Agents on Adhesion of Oral Pathogenic Microflora In Vitro: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210602014010656 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 656-664

Author(s):

I.R. Volchkova ◽

A.V. Yumashev ◽

V.V. Borisov ◽

V.I. Doroshina ◽

E.A. Kristal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Test Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Removable Dental Prostheses ◽

Removable Denture ◽

Group 2 ◽

Adhesion Index ◽

Group 1

Introduction: Removable dentures are used by 20% of the population. These may be accompanied by denture stomatitis in 15-70% of patients. The choice of the optimal cleansing agent for removable dental prostheses is of high significance. Aim: The aim of our research was to study the influence of removable denture cleansing products on the adhesion of microorganisms and yeast. Materials and Methods: We manufactured 144 specimens of standardized round shape with a diameter of 10 mm from 4 types of modern polymeric materials used by prosthetic dentistry to produce removable dentures, 12 specimens of each material were placed into suspensions of bacterial cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, then into “ClearaSept” (Test group 1), “Рrotefix active cleanser” (Test group 2), saline solution (Control group), followed by nutrient media. The adhesion index was calculated and analyzed. Results: There was no reliable lowering of adhesion index of Staphylococcus Aureus to all materials detected in Test group 1 (U=6, p>0.05 for Bio XS; U=8, p>0.05 for Dental D, Denotokeep Peek, Vertex Rapid Simplified). In Test group 2, the adhesion index of Staphylococcus Aureus reliably decreased to all materials compared to the Control group (U=0, p≤0.01). The adhesion index of Candida albicans and Escherichia coli to all materials in Test group 1 had a minor to moderate reliable reduction compared to the Control group (U=0, p≤0.01). Test group 2 showed a significant reliable decrease in Candida albicans and Escherichia coli adhesion index to all materials in comparison with the Control group (U=0, p≤0.01). Conclusion: The research showed an unreliable or minor and moderate reliable decrease in microorganisms adhesion index depending on the microorganism species after treatment of denture material specimens by antibacterial soap “ClearaSept” and a reliable significant decrease in microbial and yeast adhesion after application of Protefix active cleaner solution, which demonstrates a more significant antimicrobial effect in comparison to “ClearaSept” against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans.

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When is a Match Sufficient? A Score-based Balance Metric for the Synthetic Control Method

Journal of Causal Inference ◽

10.1515/jci-2020-0013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 209-228

Author(s):

Layla Parast ◽

Priscillia Hunt ◽

Beth Ann Griffin ◽

David Powell

Keyword(s):

Los Angeles ◽

Control Method ◽

Control Unit ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Synthetic Control ◽

Donor Pool ◽

Synthetic Control Method ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn some applications, researchers using the synthetic control method (SCM) to evaluate the effect of a policy may struggle to determine whether they have identified a “good match” between the control group and treated group. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of the mean and maximum Absolute Standardized Mean Difference (ASMD) as a test of balance between a synthetic control unit and treated unit, and provide guidance on what constitutes a poor fit when using a synthetic control. We explore and compare other potential metrics using a simulation study. We provide an application of our proposed balance metric to the 2013 Los Angeles (LA) Firearm Study [9]. Using Uniform Crime Report data, we apply the SCM to obtain a counterfactual for the LA firearm-related crime rate based on a weighted combination of control units in a donor pool of cities. We use this counterfactual to estimate the effect of the LA Firearm Study intervention and explore the impact of changing the donor pool and pre-intervention duration period on resulting matches and estimated effects. We demonstrate how decision-making about the quality of a synthetic control can be improved by using ASMD. The mean and max ASMD clearly differentiate between poor matches and good matches. Researchers need better guidance on what is a meaningful imbalance between synthetic control and treated groups. In addition to the use of gap plots, the proposed balance metric can provide an objective way of determining fit.

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Efficacy and Safety of Topical Timolol Eye Drops in the Treatment of Myopic Regression after Laser In Situ Keratomileusis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2015/985071 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xiaochen Wang ◽

Guiqiu Zhao ◽

Jing Lin ◽

Nan Jiang ◽

Qian Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Treated Group ◽

Laser In Situ Keratomileusis ◽

Control Group ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽

Knowledge Infrastructure ◽

Significant Difference

Aims. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of timolol in the treatment of myopic regression after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).Methods. We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Biological Medicine (CBM) from the inception to July 2015 for relevant randomized controlled trials that examined timolol therapy for myopic regression. The methodological quality of the studies included was assessed using the Revman 5.3 software.Results. We included six clinical trials involving 483 eyes in this review, including 246 eyes in treated group and 237 eyes in controlled group. We observed statistically significant improvements on the postoperative SE in the 3 months. However, the change of CCT was not statistically different between the control group and the experimental group. There were fewer cases of IOP, UDVA, and CDVA in treated group having significant difference from the controlled group.Conclusions. Topical timolol could be an effective treatment for reduction of myopic regression especially the spherical errors after myopic LASIK. Further RCTs with larger sample sizes for these trials are warranted to determine the efficacy and limitation for myopic regression after LASIK.

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Possibility of application of dodicin hydrochloride in prevention of mastitis in cows

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl0604207j ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 60 (3-4) ◽

pp. 207-221

Author(s):

Svetlana Joksovic ◽

Vitomir Cupic ◽

Vera Katic

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Control Group ◽

Main Approach ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Streptococcus Uberis ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Outer Environment

The main approach to curbing mastitis is to prevent the entry of microorganisms from the outer environment into the mammary gland, which is achieved by the use of papilla disinfection following every time of milking. The objective of this work was to examine the antimicrobial activity of the disinfectant dodicin hydrochloride, in fact the preparation that contains this disinfectant (DESU? M), against bacteria, the most frequent causes of mastitis in cows. The efficacy of modified DESU? Mwas examined under laboratory conditions using the quantitative test against the following microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis, under the conditions in the field. The udders of an experimental group of 20 cows of the Holstein-Friesian breed were immersed in a solution of the modified preparation DESU ? M following every time of milking over a period of three months. In the second group of 10 cows of the Holstein-Friesian breed, marked as the control group, no disinfection was applied following the milkings. The preparation DESU? Mexhibited satisfactory antimicrobial efficacy against the most frequent causes (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis) of mastitis in cows under laboratory conditions. With the application of the preparation DESU? M, following every time of milking over a period of three months, the number of somatic cells was reduced by almost one half in comparison with their number at the start of the experiment. No residue of the modified preparation DESU ? M were found in any sample of milk from the experimental group of cows.

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Staphylococcus aureus Infection Induced Oxidative Imbalance in Neutrophils: Possible Protective Role of Nanoconjugated Vancomycin

ISRN Pharmacology ◽

10.5402/2012/435214 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Subhankari Prasad Chakraborty ◽

Panchanan Pramanik ◽

Somenath Roy

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Treated Group ◽

Protective Role ◽

Control Group ◽

Similar Dose ◽

Cellular Components

Staphylococcus aureus infection causes oxidative stress in neutrophils. The immune cells use reactive oxygen species (ROS) for carrying out their normal functions while an excess amount of ROS can attack cellular components that lead to cell damage. The present study was aimed to test the protective role of nanoconjugated vancomycin against vancomycin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (VSSA) and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) infection induced oxidative stress in neutrophils. VSSA- and VRSA-infection were developed in Swiss mice by intraperitoneal injection of 5×106 CFU/mL bacterial solutions. Nanoconjugated vancomycin was treated to VSSA- and VRSA-infected mice at its effective dose for 10 days. Vancomycin was treated to VSSA and VRSA infected mice at similar dose, respectively, for 10 days. The result reveals that in vivo VSSA and VRSA infection significantly increases the level of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, oxidized glutathione level, and nitrite generation and decreases the level of reduced glutathione, antioxidant enzyme status, and glutathione-dependent enzymes as compared to control group; which were increased or decreased significantly near to normal in nanoconjugated vancomycin-treated group. These finding suggests the potential use and beneficial protective role of nanoconjugated vancomycin against VSSA and VRSA infection induced oxidative imbalance in neutrophils.

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Lactococcus lactis V7 inhibits the cell invasion of bovine mammary epithelial cells by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2015.0019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 879-886 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

B. Seridan Assis ◽

P. Germon ◽

A.M. Silva ◽

S. Even ◽

J.R. Nicoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Lactococcus Lactis ◽

Cell Invasion ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Mammary Epithelial ◽

Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽

E Coli

Bovine mastitis, an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland often associated to bacterial infection, is the first cause of antibiotic use in dairy cattle. Because of the risk of antibioresistance emergence, alternative non-antibiotic strategies are needed to prevent or to cure bovine mastitis and reduce the antibiotic use in veterinary medicine. In this work, we investigated Lactococcus lactis V7, a strain isolated from the mammary gland, as a probiotic option against bovine mastitis. Using bovine mammary epithelial cell (bMEC) culture, and two representative strains for Escherichia coli and for Staphylococcus aureus, two major mastitis pathogens, we investigated L. lactis V7 ability to inhibit cell invasion (i.e. adhesion and internalization) of these pathogens into bMEC. L. lactis V7 ability to modulate the production of CXCL8, a key chemokine IL-8 responsible for neutrophil influx, in bMEC upon challenge with E. coli was investigated by an ELISA dosage of CXCL8 in bMEC culture supernatants. We showed that L. lactis V7 inhibited the internalisation of both E. coli and S. aureus strains into bMEC, whereas it inhibited the adhesion of only one out of the two S. aureus strains and of none of the E. coli strains tested. Investigation of the bMEC immune response showed that L. lactis V7 alone induced a slight increase in CXCL8 production in bMEC and that it increased the inflammatory response in bMEC challenged with the E. coli strains. Altogether these features of L. lactis V7 make it a potential promising candidate for a probiotic prevention strategy against bovine mastitis.

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Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of Bacteriophage Therapy in Treatment of Subclinical Staphylococcus aureus Mastitis in Lactating Dairy Cattle

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01630-05 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 50 (9) ◽

pp. 2912-2918 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

J. J. Gill ◽

J. C. Pacan ◽

M. E. Carson ◽

K. E. Leslie ◽

M. W. Griffiths ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Treated Group ◽

Microbial Infection ◽

Cure Rate ◽

Bacteriophage Therapy ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Cscl Gradient ◽

Serial Samples ◽

Lactating Dairy Cattle

ABSTRACT Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the udder caused by microbial infection. Mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus is a major concern to the dairy industry due to its resistance to antibiotic treatment and its propensity to recur chronically. Growing concerns surrounding antibiotic resistance have spurred research into alternative treatment methods. The ability of lytic S. aureus bacteriophage K to eliminate bovine S. aureus intramammary infection during lactation was evaluated in a placebo-controlled, multisite trial. Twenty-four lactating Holstein cows with preexisting subclinical S. aureus mastitis were treated. Treatment consisted of 10-ml intramammary infusions of either 1.25 × 1011 PFU of phage K or saline, administered once per day for 5 days. The cure rate was established by the assessment of four serial samples collected following treatment. The cure rate was 3 of 18 quarters (16.7%) in the phage-treated group, while none of the 20 saline-treated quarters were cured. This difference was not statistically significant. The effects of phage intramammary infusion on the bovine mammary gland were also studied. In healthy lactating cows, a single infusion of either filter-sterilized broth lysate or a CsCl gradient-purified phage preparation elicited a large increase in the milk somatic cell count. This response was not observed when phage was infused into quarters which were already infected with S. aureus. Phage-infused healthy quarters continued to shed viable bacteriophage into the milk for up to 36 h postinfusion. The phage concentration in the milk suggested that there was significant degradation or inactivation of the infused phage within the gland.

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Efficacy of Telavancin in the Treatment of Experimental Endocarditis Due to Glycopeptide-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01266-06 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 51 (7) ◽

pp. 2373-2377 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

José M. Miró ◽

Cristina García-de-la-Mària ◽

Yolanda Armero ◽

Elisa de-Lazzari ◽

Dolors Soy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Infusion Pump ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Pump System ◽

Once Daily ◽

End Of Treatment ◽

Computer Controlled ◽

Trough Levels

ABSTRACT The efficacy of telavancin, a novel lipoglycopeptide, was evaluated in experimental endocarditis in rabbits using two clinical isolates of glycopeptide-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus: ATCC 700788 and HIP 5836. Infected rabbits were treated for 2 days with telavancin (10 mg/kg of body weight once daily intravenously) or vancomycin (1 g twice daily intravenously), administered with a computer-controlled infusion pump system simulating human serum kinetics. Vegetations were harvested at 16 h postinoculation in the control group and at the end of treatment in the drug-treated group. For ATCC 700788, MICs and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), respectively, were 1 mg/liter and 4 mg/liter for telavancin and 8 mg/liter and 128 mg/liter for vancomycin. For HIP 5836, MICs and MBCs, respectively, were 4 mg/liter and 8 mg/liter for telavancin and 8 mg/liter and 128 mg/liter for vancomycin. Peak and trough levels were 90 μg/ml and 6 μg/ml, respectively, for telavancin and 46 μg/ml and 6 μg/ml, respectively, for vancomycin. In glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus ATCC 700788, telavancin sterilized 6 of 16 vegetations (37%), whereas vancomycin sterilized 4 of 20 (20%) (P = 0.29) compared with 0 of 17 in the control group. In HIP 5836 experiments, telavancin and vancomycin sterilized 5 of 16 (31%) and 1 of 15 (7%) vegetations (P = 0.17), respectively, compared with none in the control group. Telavancin reduced vegetation titers by 2.0 and 2.3 logs greater than vancomycin for the ATCC 700788 (4.6 [2.0 to 5.8] versus 6.6 [2.0 to 6.9] log CFU/g vegetation; P = 0.05) and HIP 5836 (4.4 [2.0 to 7.4] versus 6.7 [4.5 to 8.7] log CFU/g vegetation; P = 0.09) strains, respectively; these differences did not reach statistical significance. All isolates from vegetations remained susceptible to telavancin after therapy. The results suggest that telavancin may be an effective treatment for endocarditis caused by glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus.

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The Prevalence of Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli and Its Association With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.730243 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Razie Kamali Dolatabadi ◽

Awat Feizi ◽

Mehrdad Halaji ◽

Hossein Fazeli ◽

Peyman Adibi

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Bowel Diseases ◽

Phylogenetic Grouping ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

And Control

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are known as chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders. The present systematic review and meta analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) isolates and their phylogenetic grouping among IBD patients compared with the controls. A systematic literature search was conducted among published papers by international authors until April 30, 2020 in Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and PubMed databases. The pooled prevalence of AIEC isolates and their phylogenetic grouping among IBD patients as well as in controls was estimated using fixed or random effects models. Furthermore, for estimating the association of colonization by AIEC with IBD, odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was reported. A total of 205 articles retrieved by the initial search of databases, 13 case–control studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the meta analysis. There were 465 IBD cases (348 CD and 117 UC) and 307 controls. The pooled prevalence of AIEC isolates were 28% (95% CI: 18–39%), 29% (95% CI: 20–40%), 13% (95% CI: 1–30%), and 9% (95% CI: 3–19%), respectively among IBD, CD, UC, and control group, respectively. Our results revealed that the most frequent AIEC phylogroup in the IBD, CD, and control groups was B2. Fixed-effects meta analysis showed that colonization of AIEC is significantly associated with IBD (OR: 2.93; 95% CI: 1.90–4.52; P < 0.001) and CD (OR: 3.07; 95% CI: 1.99–4.74; P < 0.001), but not with UC (OR: 2.29; 95% CI: 0.81–6.51; P = 0.11). In summary, this meta analysis revealed that colonization by AIEC is more frequent in IBD and is associated with IBD (CD and UC). Our results suggested that the affects of IBD in patients colonized with the AIEC pathovar is not random, it is in fact a specific disease-related pathovar.

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