scholarly journals Testing the efficacy of Mueller Hinton agar over Nutrient agar for optimal antibiotic sensitivity testing response by selected clinical bacterial pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 061-074
Author(s):  
Otajevwo Dafinone Festus ◽  
Osawaru Osama Emmanuella
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The efficacy of Mueller Hinton agar over Nutrient agar in terms of antibiotic sensitivity testing for optimal antibiotic response by selected clinical bacterial pathogens was carried out in this study. Clinical bacterial pathogens used for the study were Pseudomonas aerµginosa, Enterococcus spp, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Standard and locally manufactured antibiotic discs used were by Abtek Biologicals Ltd, Liverpool and Maxicare Medical Laboratory, Nigeria respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST) was by agar diffusion method. Pure cultures of each isolate were subcultured on sterile Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) and Nutrient agar (NA) media after which the standard and locally manufactured discs were aseptically impregnated on the media. All inoculated plates were incubated at 37oC for 24hrs aerobically after appropriate labeling. Zones of inhibition were measured by standard methods and recorded. On Nutrient agar, standard and locally produced ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid discs did not produce zones of inhibition significantly different from each other at both 95% and 99% confidence intervals (P ˃ 0.05 and P ˃ 0.01). On Mueller Hinton agar, standard and locally manufactured ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid discs produced zones of inhibition that were significantly different from each other at 95% confidence interval (P ˂ 0.05). Standard and local ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid discs produced zones of inhibition on MHA and NA which were not significantly different (P ˃ 0.05 and P ˃ 0.01). Standard discs used recorded better zones of inhibition on MHA compared to the local discs. Standard and local discs zones of inhibition on MHA was however not significantly different from those recorded on NA (P ˃ 0.05). Standard discs therefore, did not produce better zones of inhibition over local discs on MHA and on NA. On the whole, the use of MHA for antibiotic sensitivity testing did not record greater (better) zones of inhibition than those recorded on NA except for standard ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and gentamycin discs over the corresponding local discs on MHA only. Findings did not convincingly establish better performance of standard discs over local discs whether used on MHA or NA. Further studies in this direction is recommended.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGY, BACTERIAL PROFILE, AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN SANA’A AND DHAMAR CITY, YEMEN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Y. Al-Haifi ◽  
Abdul Salam Mohamed Al Makdad ◽  
Mohammed Kassim Salah ◽  
Hassan A. Al-Shamahy ◽  
Wadee Abdullah Abdulwahid Al Shehari
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
E Mail

Objectives:  Lower respiratory infections (LRTIs) are the leading reason of death infectious diseases in the world and the fifth leading cause of death in general. The study aimed to identify the general characteristics of LRTI, the causative bacteria and the results of sensitivity to antibiotics. Subjects and methods:  A multicentre prospective study was performed at 3 University hospitals. The study included 555 clinical diagnostic cases as LRTI cases, 328 male and 227 female, aged 3 to 69 years. Clinical and demographic data were collected in the standard questionnaire, and samples included sputum or bronchial lavage (BAL) staining and culture. Samples were cultured in 3 different bacterial media, blood agar and LJ slope, chocolate agar with Co2; cultures were then examined for possible bacterial pathogens of LRTI. Possible bacterial pathogens were isolated and identified by standard laboratory techniques, and microbial sensitivity testing was carried out by disc diffusion method. Results:  LRTI was recorded among all age groups and with less frequency in children less than 16 years of age. A large number of LRTI (36.2%) was not diagnosed, most in CAP (52.4%), followed by HAP (33.9%) while unidentified cases were lower in AECOPD (22.8%). CAP isolates are K. pneumoniae (26.2%), S. pyogens (12.3%), and S. pneumoniae (9%); in HAP are MSSA (24%), E. Coli (12.9%), MRAS (11.1%), K. pneumoniae (10.5%) and P. aeruginosa (7%); and in AECOPD are M. catarrhalis (47.2%), K. pneumoniae (17.2%), H. influnzae (10.7%) and P. aeruginosa (2%). In Gram-positive bacteria, high resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam (100%) and amoxicillin/clavulanate (100%) was recorded, while moderate resistance to amikacin, vancomycin, cefepime and moxifloxacin was recorded. In Gram-negative bacteria, a high resistance to 3rd g Cephalosporin’s  (68.5%) was recorded, while a moderate sensitivity to the other antibiotics tested was recorded. Conclusion:  There is a high rate of undiagnosed LRTI in Yemen and this highlights the need for health authorities to develop strategies to diagnose most of the causes of LRTI, including Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and viral causes. No antibiotics are completely effective in treating LRTI in our area and antibiotic sensitivity should be performed in all cases. Peer Review History: Received 22 April 2019; Revised 4 May; Accepted 9 May, Available online 15 May 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Michael Otakhor Erhunmwunse Affiliation: St. Philomena Catholic Hospital, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly Affiliation: Princess Nourah bint abdulrahman university, Riyadh E-mail: [email protected] Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF UROPATHOGENS IN PATIENTS WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN IBB CITY -YEMEN PREVALENCE, ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN AND RISK FACTORS OF MRSA ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS AMONG MILITARY PATIENTS AT 48 MEDICAL COMPOUND IN SANA'A CITY-YEMEN

scholarly journals Drug Susceptibility Testing and Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin with Antibiotics against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rangel-Castañeda Itzia Azucena ◽  
Cruz-Lozano José Roberto ◽  
Zermeño-Ruiz Martin ◽  
Cortes-Zarate Rafael ◽  
Hernández-Hernández Leonardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Aim: This study investigated the susceptibility of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli to curcumin, as well as its synergistic effect with 12 antimicrobial drugs. Methods and Results: Our study shows that curcumin did not affect bacterial growth. The antimicrobial susceptibility of curcumin and antibiotic synergy were identified using disc diffusion on Mueller-Hinton agar. The strain of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli used was resistant to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Ciprofloxacin, and Cefazolin. There was synergy between curcumin and the majority of antibiotics tested. Maximum synergy was observed with combinations of 330 µg/mL curcumin and Ceftazidime, followed by Cefotaxime, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Ampicillin, Aztreonam, Trimethoprim, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin, Tetracycline, and Imipenem. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that curcumin might be useful as a combinatorial strategy to combat the antibiotic resistance of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.

scholarly journals Emergence of high multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from neonates with infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wu ◽  
Yijun Ding ◽  
Jinjing Zhang ◽  
Kaihu Yao ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Abstract Background Escherichia coli (E.coli) rank one of the most common pathogens that can cause neonatal infections. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a major cause of treatment failure in newborn with infection. The purpose of this study was to describe the antibiotic resistance and multidrug-resistance of E.coli isolated from neonates with infection.Methods The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the E. coli strains to selected antibiotics was assessed with the E-test technique on the Mueller-Hinton agar. The antimicrobials tests were included ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefatriaxone, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefoperazone - sulbactam, meropenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and sulfonamides. The minimal inhibitory concerntration (MIC) values of the antimicrobial agents selected for this study was determined by an agar dilution technique on Mueller-Hinton agar according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations. Results A total of 100 E. coli strains was isolated from phlegm (n = 78), blood (n = 10), cerebrospinal fluid (n = 5), and umbilical discharge (n = 7) of neonates hospitalized at Beijing Children’s Hospital. The highest resistance rate of E.coli was found in amoxicillin at 85%, followed by cefuroxime 65%, and cefatriaxone 60%, respectively. 6% and 5% of all isolates were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefoperazone -sulbactam merely. The resistance rates to ceftazidime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and sulfonamides were 31%, 20%, 33%, 47%, respectively. All the isolates were susceptible to meropenem. Multidrug resistance was defined in E.coli as resistance to at least three antibiotic families. About 26% (26/100) of all the E.coli isolates were multidrug-resistant. The detection rate of ESBL-Producing E. coli was 55%. The rate in E. coli isolates from phlegm was higher than aseptic humoral. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). It is worth noting that the majority of the isolates were also resistant to non-β-lactam antimicrobial agents, but the resistant rates were significantly lower than extended-spectrum β-lactamases.Conclusions: Multi-drug-resistant E.coli has become a thorny problem in clinical treatment. It is necessary to monitor E. coli resistance.

scholarly journals TWO ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR ANAEROBIC CULTIVATION OF BACTEROIDES FRAGILIS ATCC 25285 COMPARED TO THE EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION IN A GAS PACK SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 4035-4037
Author(s):  
Neli M. Ermenlieva ◽  
◽  
Emilia P. Georgieva ◽  
Sylvia Y. Stamova ◽  
Svetlana F. Georgieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative

Cultivation of anaerobes is not a routine procedure. In most cases, it is carried out in reference laboratories with the help of special equipment, including an anaerobic chamber or anaerobic jar with Gas pack system. There are some older methods so-called the Candlejar system and the Fortner principle. The aim of the study is to compare two alternative methods for anaerobic cultivation of Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285 with cultivation by Gas Pack system, which is a widely used and well studied method. We made anaerobic cultivation using the GasPack system, Candle jar and Fortner principle. The bacteria were seed in two different types of agar media - suitable for anaerobic cultivation Wilkins-Chalgren agar and Mueller-Hinton agar, useful for antibiotic sensitivity testing. The results of our study showed that in all bacterial cultures, B. fragilis ATCC 25285 demonstrated heavy growth. The Candle jar system and Fortner principle were found to be a sensitive and cost-effective alternative that might be used in resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility of Resistant Pseudomonas Species Generated Through the Use of Differential and Selective Media for Isolation of Pseudomonas from Environmental Samples

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Peekate, Lekiah Pedro ◽  
Woha, Queeneth Chioma
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Water And Soil Samples ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Water and soil samples were cultured on Cetrimide agar, Kings B agar, and nutrient agar supplemented with 50 μg.mL-1 chloramphenicol for the isolation of greenish pigment producing Pseudomonas species. Greenish pigment producing colonies that grew on the media were subjected to microscopic examination and selected physicochemical/biochemical tests to confirm that they belong to the Pseudomonas genus. Isolates confirmed to belong to the Pseudomonas genus were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing to various antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. The antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that two of the Pseudomonas isolates from nutrient agar plates supplemented with chloramphenicol showed resistance to Ampiclox, Rifampicin, and Norfloxacin. Also, one of the isolates showed resistance to Gentamycin, Amoxicillin, and Amoxicillin clavulanate. Two of the isolates from Kings B medium showed resistance to Ampiclox; another isolate showed resistance to Rifampicin, and one of the isolate that showed resistance to Ampiclox also showed resistance to Rifampicin, Chloramphenicol and Norfloxacin. Only one isolate from Cetrimide agar showed resistance to Ofloxacin and Nalidixic acid. Based on the EUCAST Breakpoint Table for P. aeruginosa, 12 out of the 14 Pseudomonas isolates (85.7%) were susceptible to Levofloxacin and Gentamycin, while 8 (57.1%) of the isolates were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin. The results indicate that Pseudomonas species isolated from the environment through the use of differential and selective media can become resistant to some antibiotics, and that Levofloxacin and Gentamycin could be used in the treatment of infections caused by antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Analysis of Clinical Escherichia coli Isolates in Neonatal Ward

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wu ◽  
Yijun Ding ◽  
Kaihu Yao ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Yajuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Background:Escherichia coli (E. coli) column for one of the most common pathogens causing neonatal infections. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a major cause of treatment failure in infected newborns. The purpose of this study was to describe antibiotic and multidrug resistance of E. coli strains isolated from neonates with infection throughout the years 2009–2011.Methods: The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E. coli strains to selected antibiotics was assessed using the E-test technique on the Mueller-Hinton agar. The antimicrobial tests included ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefatriaxone, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefoperazone- sulbactam, meropenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfonamides.Results: A total of 100 E. coli strains were isolated from sputum (n = 78), blood (n = 10), cerebrospinal fluid (n = 5), and umbilical discharge (n = 7) samples of hospitalized neonates at the Beijing Children's Hospital. The highest rate of E. coli resistance was found in amoxicillin (85%), followed by cefuroxime (65%), and cefatriaxone (60%), respectively. A total of 6 and 5% of all isolates were only resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefoperazone -sulbactam. The rates of resistance to ceftazidime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and sulfonamides were 31, 20, 33, and 47%, respectively. All isolates were susceptible to meropenem. Approximately 26% of all E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant. The detection rate of ESBL-Producing E. coli was 55%.Conclusions: Multi-drug-resistant E. coli has become an important and complex problem in clinical treatment, and it is thus essential to monitor E. coli resistance in neonates.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus Species from Clinical Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The research was aimed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus species from clinical samples obtained from some hospitals in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. The ear swab, high vaginal swab (HVS), wound swab and urine samples from the patients attending the hospitals were collected and inoculated onto the surface of freshly prepared Nutrient agar for bacterial isolation. The bacteria isolated were identified by conventional microbiological methods namely; Gram staining, biochemical test (such as catalase, coagulase, and DNase test), mannitol salt agar and heamolysis test. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using the agar disc diffusion method. The result showed that S. aureus was highly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin 105 (68.63%), Gentamicin 102 (66.67%), Levofloxacin 95 (62.08%) and Amikacin 90 (58.82%), S. epidermidis was highly susceptible to Gentamicin 13 (61.90%), Levofloxacin 12 (57.14%) and Nitrofurantoin 11 (52.38%) while S. saprophyticus was highly susceptible to Cefoxitin 7 (77.78%), Gentamicin 6 (66.67%) and Nitrofurantoin 5 (55.56%). On the other hand, S. aureus was highly resistant to Cefuroxime 153 (100%), Ceftazidime 150 (98.04%), Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 120 (78.43%) and Cloxacillin 111 (72.55%), S. epidermidis was highly resistant to Ceftazidime 20 (95.24%), Cloxacillin 19 (90.48%) then Cefoxitin, Erythromycin and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid with 15 (71.43%) both. S. saprophyticus was highly resistant to Cefepime 9 (100%), Cloxacillin 8 (88.89%), Ceftazidime 7 (77.78%), Imipenem and Erythromycin with 6 (66.67%) respectively. There is a statistical difference in the sensitivity of the isolates against the antibiotics used at p<0.05. It is concluded that Staphylococcus species develop resistance to some classes of antibiotics.

scholarly journals 1457. Serial Passage of Enterobacteriaceae to Explore Development of Carbapenem Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S731-S731
Author(s):  
Yosef Nissim ◽  
Douglas Slain ◽  
P Rocco LaSala
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
The Us ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Carbapenems are broad-spectrum antibacterials that have seen increased usage for the Enterobacteriales family in recent years. While carbapenem usage has been associated with increased antibacterial resistance, there is currently a lack of data comparing the risk of reduced susceptibility selection by the two most commonly used carbapenems in the US, ertapenem (ERT) and meropenem (MER). We conducted a novel serial passage experiment with clinical isolates of Enterobacteriales to assess the impact of repeated exposure to ERT or MER on phenotypic susceptibility patterns. Methods Non-duplicate clinical Enterobacteriales isolates were selected randomly for inclusion. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by CLSI disc diffusion methods. Standardized suspensions of isolates were plated on Mueller-Hinton agar, and ERT (10mcg) and MER (10mcg) discs applied. Zones of inhibition were measured and recorded after 16-18 hours incubation. Growth from the innermost zone of inhibition around each disc was used to prepare subsequent suspensions for serial susceptibility testing. This process would be repeated daily for 10 days. Each subsequent serially-passaged isolated was tested against both ERT and MER. Daily zones of inhibition were measured and interpreted. Baseline & final susceptibilities were determined by automated methods (Vitek 2). Results Seventeen Enterobacteriaceae isolates were selected, including: Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=11), Klebsiella oxytoca (n=2), Escherichia coli (n=1), Morganella morganii (n=1), and Enterobacter cloacae (n=2). Despite a greater degree of reductions in zones of inhibition with repeated ERT exposure (vs MER), the overall 10 day trends were not found to be significant different (P=0.529). Resistance developed to ERT in six isolates compared to one MER-resistant isolate (P = 0.053). E. cloacae was the only species to show a significant change between drugs (P=0.010). Two of three isolates that developed reduced zone changes &gt; 10mm to MER were initially exposed to ERT on an earlier plate. Conclusion This novel experiment identified the development of some nonsignificant reductions in susceptibility with ERT after serial exposure. Results from this pilot study should encourage larger well-designed studies in this area. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Microorganisms Isolated from Vaginal Infections at a Tertiary Hospital in Bangalore, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagalakshmi Narayana-Swamy ◽  
Padmasri Ramalingappa ◽  
Urvashi Bhatara
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: The vagina contains dozens of microbiological species in variable quantities and is, therefore, considered a complex environment. Among the microorganisms, bacteria have important repercussions on women’s health. The present study was conducted to elucidate this type of vaginal isolates and their sensitivity towards currently used antibiotics. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sapthagiri Hospital, Bangalore, India from January 2012 to December 2013. All symptomatic women who had a high vaginal swab taken for culture and sensitivity testing were included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using disc diffusion method (modified Kirby-Bauer’s method). The antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolated microorganisms were studied. Results: Out of 200 patients, 95% had positive vaginal cultures. Fifteen types of microorganisms were isolated. The highest frequency of infection was seen at the age of 20-30 years, followed by 41-50 years and 31-40 years, and a low frequency of infection was observed above 50 years of age. The most prevalent pathogen was Escherichia coli, followed by Streptococcus agalactiae and diphtheroids with equal incidence. Among the antibiotics tested, isolated pathogens were completely resistant to nalidixic acid and highly sensitive to meropenem and imepenem. Conclusion: The high prevalence of gynaecological infections demands that patients with symptoms undergo thorough investigation with cultures and sensitivity essays. Changes in treatment protocols are required to treat vaginal infections effectively.

scholarly journals Russia-made Mueller–Hinton agar: compliance with contemporary requirements

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-416
Author(s):  
L. V. Domotenko ◽  
I. S. Kosilova ◽  
A. P. Shepelin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar

At present, a rise of antimicrobial resistance requires that susceptibility of infectious agents to antimicrobial agents could be accurately evaluated as related errors may lead to selecting improper therapeutics provoking spread of drug resistance. Pathogen sensitivity to antimicrobial agents is commonly determined by a disc diffusion method. A quality of nutrient medium used in assays plays a crucial role influencing final results. In Russia, it turned out that regulatory documents such as the nationwide guidelines and clinical recommendations outlining methodology for antimicrobial susceptibility testing underlay availability in domestic market few nutrient media, including Mueller–Hinton Agar, AGV medium etc. exhibiting sometimes unsatisfactory quality. To harmonize such methodology with international requirements, theStateResearchCenterfor Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology has developed a technology and promoted manufacture of Russia-made Mueller–Hinton agar satisfying requirements of EUCAST documents, clinical guidelines, and ISO/TS 16782:2016. The main objective of this study was to compare quality of new agar product with five similar foreign media while examining 11 test strains by disc diffusion method. As a result, some of nutrient media available to the Russian market turned out to be off-standard: not all of them satisfy to the EUCAST requirements and clinical guidelines since diameter distribution for growth inhibition recommended by EUCAST for quality control does not fit into permissible range. Moreover, susceptibility of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, Meropenem, as well as S. aureus ATSS 25923 and E. faecalis ATCC 29212 to tigecycline was assessed with certain mistakes. The data obtained by us were analyzed in accordance to the new document ISO/TS 16782:2016 “Clinical laboratory testing — criterion for acceptable lots of dehydrated Mueller–Hinton agar and broth for antimicrobial susceptibility testing”, not approved yet In Russia. To determine potential reason for deviation of data from reference range, we measured concentration of bivalent metals in all nutrient media examined by atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. We determined new patterns affecting reliability of results on microbial antibiotic susceptibility. A need to check intralaboratory quality control of nutrient media was emphasized.  

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