scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility of Resistant Pseudomonas Species Generated Through the Use of Differential and Selective Media for Isolation of Pseudomonas from Environmental Samples

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Peekate, Lekiah Pedro ◽  
Woha, Queeneth Chioma
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Water And Soil Samples ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Water and soil samples were cultured on Cetrimide agar, Kings B agar, and nutrient agar supplemented with 50 μg.mL-1 chloramphenicol for the isolation of greenish pigment producing Pseudomonas species. Greenish pigment producing colonies that grew on the media were subjected to microscopic examination and selected physicochemical/biochemical tests to confirm that they belong to the Pseudomonas genus. Isolates confirmed to belong to the Pseudomonas genus were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing to various antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. The antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that two of the Pseudomonas isolates from nutrient agar plates supplemented with chloramphenicol showed resistance to Ampiclox, Rifampicin, and Norfloxacin. Also, one of the isolates showed resistance to Gentamycin, Amoxicillin, and Amoxicillin clavulanate. Two of the isolates from Kings B medium showed resistance to Ampiclox; another isolate showed resistance to Rifampicin, and one of the isolate that showed resistance to Ampiclox also showed resistance to Rifampicin, Chloramphenicol and Norfloxacin. Only one isolate from Cetrimide agar showed resistance to Ofloxacin and Nalidixic acid. Based on the EUCAST Breakpoint Table for P. aeruginosa, 12 out of the 14 Pseudomonas isolates (85.7%) were susceptible to Levofloxacin and Gentamycin, while 8 (57.1%) of the isolates were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin. The results indicate that Pseudomonas species isolated from the environment through the use of differential and selective media can become resistant to some antibiotics, and that Levofloxacin and Gentamycin could be used in the treatment of infections caused by antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas.

scholarly journals Testing the efficacy of Mueller Hinton agar over Nutrient agar for optimal antibiotic sensitivity testing response by selected clinical bacterial pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 061-074
Author(s):  
Otajevwo Dafinone Festus ◽  
Osawaru Osama Emmanuella
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The efficacy of Mueller Hinton agar over Nutrient agar in terms of antibiotic sensitivity testing for optimal antibiotic response by selected clinical bacterial pathogens was carried out in this study. Clinical bacterial pathogens used for the study were Pseudomonas aerµginosa, Enterococcus spp, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Standard and locally manufactured antibiotic discs used were by Abtek Biologicals Ltd, Liverpool and Maxicare Medical Laboratory, Nigeria respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST) was by agar diffusion method. Pure cultures of each isolate were subcultured on sterile Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) and Nutrient agar (NA) media after which the standard and locally manufactured discs were aseptically impregnated on the media. All inoculated plates were incubated at 37oC for 24hrs aerobically after appropriate labeling. Zones of inhibition were measured by standard methods and recorded. On Nutrient agar, standard and locally produced ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid discs did not produce zones of inhibition significantly different from each other at both 95% and 99% confidence intervals (P ˃ 0.05 and P ˃ 0.01). On Mueller Hinton agar, standard and locally manufactured ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid discs produced zones of inhibition that were significantly different from each other at 95% confidence interval (P ˂ 0.05). Standard and local ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid discs produced zones of inhibition on MHA and NA which were not significantly different (P ˃ 0.05 and P ˃ 0.01). Standard discs used recorded better zones of inhibition on MHA compared to the local discs. Standard and local discs zones of inhibition on MHA was however not significantly different from those recorded on NA (P ˃ 0.05). Standard discs therefore, did not produce better zones of inhibition over local discs on MHA and on NA. On the whole, the use of MHA for antibiotic sensitivity testing did not record greater (better) zones of inhibition than those recorded on NA except for standard ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and gentamycin discs over the corresponding local discs on MHA only. Findings did not convincingly establish better performance of standard discs over local discs whether used on MHA or NA. Further studies in this direction is recommended.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with an ear infection in Misan

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1016
Author(s):  
Munaf Aal-Aaboda ◽  
Mohammed R. Al-Notazy
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Ear Infection ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
High Level

The present study was targeted to examine the prevalence of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcusaureus,which has been carried out in Misan, Iraq at a local hospital from February 2016 to January 2017.A hundred and eighty ear swabs have been obtained from patients with ear infections with or without discharges. Culturing and identifying the causative agents, as well as the antibiotic sensitivity profile, have been done on the specimens. Swabs were collected under sterile conditions and instantly transferred to the laboratory sealed in brain heart broth tubes. The initial isolation was done on selective media to S. aureus(mannitol salt agar) at a temperature of 37°C for 24 - 48 hours and then the biochemical tests and identification were done in accordance with the standard monotonous techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were done by the disk diffusion method. A hundred and forty-four isolates diagnosed with Staphylococcus aureusand eighteen isolates as other bacteria. S.aureusisolates tested for antibiotic susceptibility showed high resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin and amoxicillin, mild resistance to co-trimoxazole and were susceptible to norfloxacin, rifampicin, and ciprofloxacin.Additionally, S.aureusisolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR). The MAR index of the isolates found to range between 0.35 and 0.7. In conclusion, an ear infection is mostly caused by Staphylococcus aureusand most of these isolates showed a high level of antibiotics resistance, which eventually may lead to too many health-related consequences in Misan, Southern Iraq and expose the needs for further studies to lessen the resistance to antibiotics.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility in wound infections: A pilot study from Bangladesh

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushmita Roy ◽  
Mejbah Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Bhuiyan Mohammad Mahtab Uddin ◽  
Zubair Ahmed Ratan ◽  
Monali Rajawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Introduction: Infections due to antibiotic resistant bacteria have increased alarmingly in both developed and developing countries. Unrestrained and rapidly spreading bacterial growth has turned the management of wound infections into a serious challenge. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of different bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility in various types of wound infections. Methods:  A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect 105 wound swabs. All isolated bacteria were identified based on colony characteristics, gram stain and standard biochemical tests, and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) with the disc diffusion method. Descriptive statistics were used to present the study findings, and all analyses were performed using Stata Version 13. Results:  The rate of isolation of bacteria was 92.3%. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most frequent isolate (55.7%), followed by Escherichia coli (23.7%), Pseudomonas spp. (8.2%), and Streptococcus pyogenes (7.2%). Gram-positive bacteria were mostly (60%) found sensitive to vancomycin, azithromycin, gentamicin, imipenem, cefixime, and ceftriaxone in this study. Among the Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (>60%) showed sensitivity to cefixime, azithromycin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, gentamycin, and ceftazidime. Conclusions: The diversity of isolated bacteria and their susceptibility patterns signify a need to implement a proper infection control strategy, which can be achieved by carrying out antibiotic sensitivity tests of the isolates.

scholarly journals Characterization and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-244
Author(s):  
Shukla Promite ◽  
Sajal K Saha ◽  
Sunjukta Ahsan ◽  
Marufa Zerin Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Sensitivity Profile

The study was aimed to characterize bacterial isolates from respiratory tract infections (RTI) and   investigate their antibiotic sensitivity profile. Selective media and biochemical tests were used to characterize 40   bacterial isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was conducted using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. About   42.5% (17) RTI patients were infected by Klebsiella pneumoniae, 30% (12) by Escherichia coli and 27.5% (11) by   Pseudomonas aeruginosa with no significant gender variation (p-value <0.578). Overall, 47% (out of 20) antibiotics   were sensitive, whereas 48% were resistant. Surprisingly, 18% P. aeruginosa and 20% K. pneumoniae were   carbapenem-resistant and 4 out of 7 cephalosporin antibiotics were highly resistant irrespective of pathogens. E. coli   showed better sensitivity to nitrofurantoin (78%) and levofloxacin (89%), while K. pneumoniae was insensitive to   cotrimoxazole (88%), gentamycin (77%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (66%). On the other hand, P. aeruginosa did   not respond to P. aeruginosa to nalidixic acid (60%) and ciprofloxacin (60%). This study concludes that   nitrofurantoin, levofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, gentamycin and piperacillin/tazobactam antibiotics could be better   alternative in treating bacterial RTIs.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(2): 235-244, 2017 (December)

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity and in vitro antimicrobial activity of plant extracts to pseudomonas fluorescens isolates collected from diseased fish

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Foysal ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
M Alam
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts

Studies were conducted to identify Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates from a collection of bacteria isolated from bacterial haemorrhagic septicaemia infected carp and catfish, evaluate their antibiotic sensitivity pattern and screen the antibacterial activity of some medicinal plant extracts against the isolates.. A total of 10 isolates were identified as P. fluorescens by morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test of the P. fluorescens isolates were conducted by disc diffusion method for seven antibiotics where, all of the isolates were found to be sensitive only against streptomycin and gentamycin but, most of the isolates (80%) were found resistant to chloramphenicol (C). Moreover, eighty percent of the isolates showed resistance to multiple antibiotics. A total of 118 plant extracts were screened for their antibacterial activity against the P. fluorescens isolates where the isolates exhibited sensitivity to 30 samples. Leaf extracts of Tamarindus indicus, Terminalia chebula, Citrus aurantifolia, Eugenia caryophyllata and Spondias pinnata were found to inhibit the growth of all of the P. fluorescens isolates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i4.9733 IJNS 2011 1(4): 82-88

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGY, BACTERIAL PROFILE, AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN SANA’A AND DHAMAR CITY, YEMEN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Y. Al-Haifi ◽  
Abdul Salam Mohamed Al Makdad ◽  
Mohammed Kassim Salah ◽  
Hassan A. Al-Shamahy ◽  
Wadee Abdullah Abdulwahid Al Shehari
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
E Mail

Objectives:  Lower respiratory infections (LRTIs) are the leading reason of death infectious diseases in the world and the fifth leading cause of death in general. The study aimed to identify the general characteristics of LRTI, the causative bacteria and the results of sensitivity to antibiotics. Subjects and methods:  A multicentre prospective study was performed at 3 University hospitals. The study included 555 clinical diagnostic cases as LRTI cases, 328 male and 227 female, aged 3 to 69 years. Clinical and demographic data were collected in the standard questionnaire, and samples included sputum or bronchial lavage (BAL) staining and culture. Samples were cultured in 3 different bacterial media, blood agar and LJ slope, chocolate agar with Co2; cultures were then examined for possible bacterial pathogens of LRTI. Possible bacterial pathogens were isolated and identified by standard laboratory techniques, and microbial sensitivity testing was carried out by disc diffusion method. Results:  LRTI was recorded among all age groups and with less frequency in children less than 16 years of age. A large number of LRTI (36.2%) was not diagnosed, most in CAP (52.4%), followed by HAP (33.9%) while unidentified cases were lower in AECOPD (22.8%). CAP isolates are K. pneumoniae (26.2%), S. pyogens (12.3%), and S. pneumoniae (9%); in HAP are MSSA (24%), E. Coli (12.9%), MRAS (11.1%), K. pneumoniae (10.5%) and P. aeruginosa (7%); and in AECOPD are M. catarrhalis (47.2%), K. pneumoniae (17.2%), H. influnzae (10.7%) and P. aeruginosa (2%). In Gram-positive bacteria, high resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam (100%) and amoxicillin/clavulanate (100%) was recorded, while moderate resistance to amikacin, vancomycin, cefepime and moxifloxacin was recorded. In Gram-negative bacteria, a high resistance to 3rd g Cephalosporin’s  (68.5%) was recorded, while a moderate sensitivity to the other antibiotics tested was recorded. Conclusion:  There is a high rate of undiagnosed LRTI in Yemen and this highlights the need for health authorities to develop strategies to diagnose most of the causes of LRTI, including Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and viral causes. No antibiotics are completely effective in treating LRTI in our area and antibiotic sensitivity should be performed in all cases. Peer Review History: Received 22 April 2019; Revised 4 May; Accepted 9 May, Available online 15 May 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Michael Otakhor Erhunmwunse Affiliation: St. Philomena Catholic Hospital, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected]   Name: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly Affiliation: Princess Nourah bint abdulrahman university, Riyadh E-mail: [email protected] Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF UROPATHOGENS IN PATIENTS WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN IBB CITY -YEMEN PREVALENCE, ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN AND RISK FACTORS OF MRSA ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS AMONG MILITARY PATIENTS AT 48 MEDICAL COMPOUND IN SANA'A CITY-YEMEN

scholarly journals Neonatal septicemia and current scenario of antibiotic sensitivity pattern – A study of blood culture isolates in a tertiary care hospital, Rajkot

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Madhulika Mistry ◽  
Arpita Bhattacharya ◽  
Twinkle Kumar Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Neonatal Septicemia ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Current Scenario

Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality in developing countries. Neonatal sepsis can be classified into two subtypes depending upon onset of symptoms- before 72 hours of life (early-onset neonatal sepsis—EONS) or later (late-onset neonatal sepsis—LONS). Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in neonatal septicemia are changing time-to-time and place-to-place. This study is aimed to know the current scenario of neonatal septicemia and antibiotic susceptibility pattern for determining effective treatment, hence reducing burden of antibiotic resistance.This is a Retrospective study. Data was collected from Bacteriology lab, PDUMC Rajkot (May 2020 – May 2021). Blood cultures were performed on suspected neonates. Both BACTEC and conventional methods were used. Organisms were isolated by standard microbiological protocols and antibiotic sensitivity was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI- 2020/2021 guidelines. Total 1402 samples were screened. 326 were positive (23.25%). 214(65.64%) were male and 112(34.36%) were female. CONS (32.21%) was found to be the predominant pathogen followed by Klebsiella (19.63%), Staphylococcus aureus (18.10%), E. coli (15.95%), Acinetobacter (12.27%) and Enterococcus spp. (1.84%). EONS was seen in 195(59.82%) cases and LONS was seen in 131(40.18%) cases. Gram-negative bacteria are predominant in EONS (76.28%) and gram-positive bacteria is predominant in LONS (64.12%). Gram negative isolates are mostly susceptible to Meropenem, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Cefepime, Ceftazidime. Gram positive isolates mostly showed sensitivity to Vancomycin, Linezolid.Multi-drug resistant organism are emerging in neonatal septicemia. Strict antibiotic stewardship should be practiced to avoid the upcoming treatment difficulties.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Microorganisms Isolated from Vaginal Infections at a Tertiary Hospital in Bangalore, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagalakshmi Narayana-Swamy ◽  
Padmasri Ramalingappa ◽  
Urvashi Bhatara
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: The vagina contains dozens of microbiological species in variable quantities and is, therefore, considered a complex environment. Among the microorganisms, bacteria have important repercussions on women’s health. The present study was conducted to elucidate this type of vaginal isolates and their sensitivity towards currently used antibiotics. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sapthagiri Hospital, Bangalore, India from January 2012 to December 2013. All symptomatic women who had a high vaginal swab taken for culture and sensitivity testing were included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using disc diffusion method (modified Kirby-Bauer’s method). The antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolated microorganisms were studied. Results: Out of 200 patients, 95% had positive vaginal cultures. Fifteen types of microorganisms were isolated. The highest frequency of infection was seen at the age of 20-30 years, followed by 41-50 years and 31-40 years, and a low frequency of infection was observed above 50 years of age. The most prevalent pathogen was Escherichia coli, followed by Streptococcus agalactiae and diphtheroids with equal incidence. Among the antibiotics tested, isolated pathogens were completely resistant to nalidixic acid and highly sensitive to meropenem and imepenem. Conclusion: The high prevalence of gynaecological infections demands that patients with symptoms undergo thorough investigation with cultures and sensitivity essays. Changes in treatment protocols are required to treat vaginal infections effectively.

scholarly journals Bacterial Etiology of Wound Exudates in Tertiary Care Cancer Patients and Antibiogram of the Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863372095207
Author(s):  
Kiran Duwadi ◽  
Sujan Khadka ◽  
Sanjib Adhikari ◽  
Sanjeep Sapkota ◽  
Pabitra Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Patients with malignancies frequently develop infections as a result of surgical procedures and fungating wounds leading to pus formation. This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the bacteriological spectra of infections of various cancer sites and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns among the patients visiting minor operation theatre (OT) of B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital (BPKMCH), Chitwan, Nepal. Methods: Over a period of 3 months from September to November 2018, a total of 183 wound exudates and pus samples were collected and analyzed by standard microbiological procedures. Isolates were identified based on the colony characters, Gram staining and an array of biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique according to criteria set by CLSI, 2016. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus was tested with the help of cefoxitin using disc diffusion method. Results: Out of the 183 samples, 149 (81.4%) were culture positive. Among 13 different isolates identified, S. aureus (43.0%) was predominant followed by E. coli (14.0%). Higher incidence of bacteria was seen among the males (52.3%), in the age group 51 to 60 years (26.8%) and among the patients undergoing surgical intervention to deal with cancer (34.2%). The prevalence of wound infection was significantly affected by gender, age, and treatment regimen ( P < .01). Out of the total 68 S. aureus isolates, 38 (44.1%) were deemed as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Among the 158 isolates, 85 (53.8%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Cefepime was the most effective antibiotic for Gram positive isolates whereas both imipenem and meropenem were found to be equally more effective for Gram negative isolates. Conclusion: This study suggests that patients with malignancies harbor pathogenic bacteria; therefore, prudent use of antibiotics is essential to prevent the emergence of MDR pathogens.

scholarly journals Ecology of Bloodstream Infections and Temporal Trends of Their Antibiograms with Respect to Source and Duration of Incubation: A 5-Year Retrospective Observational Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Amit Banik ◽  
Valarie W. Lyngdoh ◽  
Elantamilan Durairaj ◽  
Anil C. Phukan ◽  
Raghavendra Kotal
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Purpose Blood is one of the most important connective tissues of human body. Bloodstream infection can range from inapparent bacteremia till fulminant septic shock with high mortality. Presence of microbes in blood whether continuously, intermittently, or transiently is a grave risk to every organ of body. Culture of blood is a vital tool to diagnose such infections. Drug susceptibility patterns help in rationalizing therapy. Objective The aim of the study is to perform bacteriological analysis and assess drug sensitivity patterns of blood culture isolates and compare in light of other associated variables. Design Retrospective observational study was conducted from January 2009 to December 2013 at a tertiary care hospital at Shillong, India. Blood samples were collected with aseptic guidelines and cultured for 7 days. Growths were identified by standard biochemical tests and subjected to sensitivity testing according to Modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Data for source of blood collection and duration of incubation were noted and compared. Results A total of 658 (11.2%) pathogens were isolated from 5,867 bacteremia-suspected patient blood specimens. Contamination was observed at the rate of 1.21%. Gram-negative organisms were the predominant pathogens recovered, Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most common. No significant difference was observed between the number of organisms isolated within or beyond 48 hours. Acinetobacter baumannii and K. pneumoniae have significantly higher chances (p < 0.05) of isolation from central line catheters compared with peripheral venipuncture. Conclusion Successful treatment of sepsis depends on early diagnosis and proper antimicrobial therapy. Local knowledge of bacteriological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity patterns helps rationalize empiric treatment strategies.

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