scholarly journals Effect of ethanol leaf extract of Telfairia occidentalis on male reproductive activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 074-084
Author(s):  
Grace Emmanuel Essien ◽  
Grace Sylvester Effiong ◽  
Nse Udoka Ebe ◽  
Edikan Nkop Enoch ◽  
Emmanuel Onyi Nwuzor
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Telfairia Occidentalis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reproductive Activities

Telfairia occidentalis is a medicinal plant known to exhibit a wide range of biological activities because of the presence of phytochemicals like tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides. In this research work, the phytochemical screening and the antioxidant activities of Telfairia occidentalis leaves were evaluated. Also, this research work was designed to evaluate the effect of Telfairia occidentalis on reproductive hormones and sexual behaviour in male Albino Wistar rats using standard analytical methods. Twenty-five (25) sexually matured male rats were divided into five (5) groups of five (5) rats each; groups 1 and 2 were the normal and positive controls and were given distilled water and the standard drug (Manix Capsule) respectively while groups 3, 4 and 5 were administered the ethanol extract of the plant in graded dosages of 400, 200, and 100mg/kg respectively. Also 12 sexually matured female Albino rats were used for the assessment of sexual behavior.The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenes and flavonoids while, the leaves showed a significant free radical scavenging activities with IC50 90μg/ml. The hormonal result showed that the extract cause a dose dependent significant increase (p<0.05) in testosterone when compared with the normal control. However, there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels also in comparison with the normal control. In conclusion, the ethanol leaf extract of Telfairia occidentalis increases the reproductive hormones which might increase the reproductive activities of the male rats.

scholarly journals Sub-Chronic Toxicity of the Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Telfairia occidentalis Hook. f. (Cucurbitaceae) in Male Rats

Medicines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abidemi Akindele ◽  
Joy Oladimeji-Salami ◽  
Ramon Oyetola ◽  
Daniel Osiagwu
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Telfairia Occidentalis

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Cucumis Melo (L). Fruit Extract and Its Silver Nanopartciles Against Den Induced Hepatocellular Cancer in Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Vidya ◽  
K Kalaivani ◽  
P Amudha
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles have a wide range of biological activities and using nanoparticles as one of the novel approaches in cancer therapy. In this present research work, the anticancer efficacy of Cucumis melo fruit extract and its silver nanoparticles was explored. Wistar rats were divided into six groups and hepatic cancer was induced with 0.01 % DEN (diethylnitrosamine) through drinking water for 16 weeks. Cyclophosphamide was given as the standard drug at the dose of 50 mg / kg body weight. Hematological Parameters showed a decrease in the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC), and platelets (PLTS) levels except white blood cell (WBC) in DEN induced cancer animals. Significant alterations in the hematological parameters were observed after treatment which indicate the protective effect of Cucumis melo fruit on the hemopoietic system. The levels of liver function markers such as transaminases (AST ALT, ALP, LDH, GGT and 5’NT were significantly elevated in serum and liver of cancer bearing rats. Treatment with crude extract and silver nanoparticles of Cucumis melo fruit, indicating that Cucumis melo fruit could have exerted its protective effect. The levels of serum tumor markers viz., Alpha feto protein (AFP) and Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) elevated in rats induced with DEN, which then were reduced following Cucumis melo fruit treatment, indicating the anticancer activity of the drug. Histological evaluation of liver and kidney were also performed to authenticate the present work.

scholarly journals Effects of Tagetes erecta gel on experimentally induced oral ulcer model in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1844-1848
Author(s):  
Lakshana S ◽  
Vijayalakshmi S ◽  
Dinakar J ◽  
Asok Kumar K
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Oral Ulcer ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Ulcer Model ◽  
African Marigold ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Erect Leaf

Tagetes erecta(African marigold) has various medicinal values. The present study has been undertaken to evaluate the effects of extracts of the fresh leaves and flowers of Tagetes erecta on oral ulcer models in Wistar albino rats. The anti-ulcer activity of the extracts of tagetes erecta (2.5% and 5%) was compared between the leaf and flower and also with the standard drug, Triamcinolone. Phytochemical screening of plant extract, extract action on oral ulcer and histopathology analysis were carried out. Tagetes erecta leaf and flower extracts have showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and carotenoids. Results showed that Tagetes erect leaf extract showed significant oral ulcer protective activity (83.6%)  when compared with the standard drug Triamcinolone. In the present work, it can be concluded that the hydro alcoholic leaf and flower extractHistopathologys of Tagetes erectagel have better potential against oral ulcer which supports the traditional claims in folklore medicine.

scholarly journals Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Plumbagozeylanica L. Roots and Its Aphrodisiac Effect in Male Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Patrick Onen ◽  
Daniel Ocira ◽  
Timothy Omara ◽  
Jacob Nyeko ◽  
Augastine Okwir
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Plumbago Zeylanica ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Aim: To perform phytochemical screening of Plumbago zeylanica L. root extracts and assess the claim of its use in traditional management of erectile dysfunction in Uganda through evaluation of the aphrodisiac effect of its aqueous extracts in male Wistar rats. Study Design: This study employed both qualitative and quantitative research designs. Place and Duration of Study: All research work were performed at the Department of Biological Sciences, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda between August 2019 and December 2019. Methodology: Classical phytochemical screening of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Plumbago zeylanica roots were performed following standard methods. Aqueous extracts were administered to Male Wistar rats and the effect of the extracts on the mounting and intromission frequencies were determined. Results: Glycosides, phenols, saponins, quinones, terpenoids and steroids were present in both methanolic and aqueous extracts. Alkaloids were present in methanolic extracts only while tannins and phlobatannins were only present in aqueous extracts. Flavonoids, coumarins and anthraquinones were not detected in both extracts. Aqueous root extracts of Plumbago zeylanica produced pro-sexual stimulatory effects in male rats when administered at 150, 300 and 450 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: The results support the use of Plumbago zeylanicaroots by indigenous people in Uganda to increase libido, treat premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. The extracts had low sexual enhancement in sexually inexperienced male rats and therefore, further studies using experienced animal models are needed to better apprehend the prosexual effects of P. zeylanica roots. The toxicity of the extracts as well as structural elucidation and pharmacological evaluation of the responsible bioactive compounds merit further studies.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF UVARIA AFZELLI Sc. Elliot (ANNONAECAE) IN MICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Akanji Murtala ◽  
A. Omoloye Adesina ◽  
Aderonke Aderinola Adeyinka ◽  
Eniola Wasiu Olooto
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Population

Epilepsy is the fouth most common brain disorder in the world and about 65 million of the global population are victims. Sadly, the currently available conventional drugs are riddled with numerous side effects, expensive and have not demonstrated adequate capacity in managing this disorder. Hence, the need for safer, cheaper and more effective therapy. This study is aimed at investigating the anticonvulsant activity of the ethanol leaf extract of Uvaria afzelii. Twenty-five (25) mice were randomly allotted to five different groups of five mice each. The animals were treated orally with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract respectively and 10 ml/kg of distilled water. The standard group received diazepam (5 mg/kg, i.m). Both strychnine (4 mg/kg, i.p) and picrotoxin (5mg/kg, i.p.) were used to induce convulsion 30 minutes post administration of extract and distilled water, and 15 minutes for standard drug. The onset and duration of convulsion for each mouse were recorded. Mice that did not convulse within 30 min of strychnine and picrotoxin injection were considered protected. The extract (400 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.01) delayed the onset of convulsion with significant reduction (P<0.05) in the duration of seizures induced by picrotoxin with  20% mortality. In the strychnine-induced test, U. afzelii (200 & 400 mg/kg) significantly delayed (p<0.001, 0.0001) the onset of convulsion with mortality of about 40%. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and saponin. The findings in this study show that the ethanol leaf extract of Uvaria afzelii possesses anticonvulsant activity.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY ANALYSIS OF CALAMUS ROTANG LINN LEAF EXTRACTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Pallavi Y ◽  
Hemalatha Kpj
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

 Objective: The present study was aimed at phytochemical screening, quantification, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of hexane, chloroform and ethanol leaf extracts of Calamus rotang.Methods: Leaf extracts were prepared according to the polarity of the solvents, i.e., hexane, chloroform, and ethanol. Preliminary phytochemical screening involved the qualitative methods to detect the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, etc. Quantitative estimation of alkaloids using boldine as standard, phenols using gallic acid as standard, and flavonoids using quercetin as standard were done. HPTLC analysis was done with all three extracts along with quercetin and rutin standards using mobile phase for flavonoids, i.e., 90:10 ratio of chloroform and methanol solvents.Results: Phytochemical screening showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc. Hence, quantification was done for these phytochemicals. Alkaloids were present significantly more in hexane leaf extract, i.e., 2.54±0.216mg boldine equivalents/g. Phenols were present significantly more in ethanolic leaf extract, i.e., 49.04±0.364 mg gallic acid equivalents)/g. Flavonoids were present in significant amount in ethanolic leaf extract, i.e., 458.85±5.74 mg quercetin equivalents/g. HPTLC analysis of hexane, chloroform, and ethanolic extracts showed the presence of flavonoids such as quercetin, rutin, and some unknown flavonoid compounds.Conclusion: Ethanolic leaf extract showed a high amount of phenols and flavonoids. Hence, the extract can be further exploited further for in vitro and in vivo research work.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Impact of Some Selected Plants on Haematological Parameters of Testosterone and Estradiol Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Adult Male Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Melvin Nnaemeka Ugwu ◽  
Atamgba Agbor Asuk ◽  
Mbeh Ubana Eteng ◽  
Edward Odey Emuru
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Age Related

Background: Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related disease of unknown etiology, characterized by prostate enlargement. The effect of Prosopis africana (PA), Vernonia amydalina (VA) and Ocimum gratissmum (OG), plant extracts on haematological parameters of BPH animal model was investigated. Methods: BPH was induced in 45 male Wistar rats (250-350 g) by exogenous injection of testosterone and estradiol in staggered doses for 3 weeks. To confirm BPH induction, some animals were sacrificed; histological inspection of prostate gland and PSA was carried out. Forty BPH induced rats were divided into 8 groups. Group 1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6 were treated with 50 mg/kg bw and 100 mg/kg bw doses of PA, VA and OG extracts respectively. Group 7 received finasteride (0.1 mg/kg bw). Group 8 BPH control and five rats without induction constitute group 9, the normal control and both received distilled water. After 45 days, the rats were anaesthetised by a brief exposure to trichloromethane vapour and 5 ml of blood was collected from the rats through cardiac puncture and dispensed into well-labelled EDTA containers to avoid coagulation. All analyses were completed within 24 h of sample collection. Results: Results showed that induction of BPH caused a significant (P< 0.05) enlargement of prostate gland when compared to normal control. All extracts produced significant (P<0.05) reduction in the weight of the enlarged prostate when compared to the BPH control. There were significant (P ˂0.05) decline in RBC, PCV and Hb of BPH control when compared to the normal control and treated groups. In the treated groups the administration of the extracts and standard drug exhibited an increase in RBC, PCV and Hb concentration when compared with the BPH control. Also there was significant (P < 0.05) increase in the WBC, neutrophils, platelets, monocytes, lymphocytes and eosinophils levels in BPH control when compared to normal control and treated groups. In all treated groups there was significant decrease in WBC, neutrophils, platelets, monocytes, lymphocytes and eosinophils concentration levels when compared with the BPH control group. Conclusion: The result of this study indicates that the extracts have the potential to reverse the inflammation caused by BPH and also have the capacity to boost the numbers of red blood cells probably by inhibiting the hemolysis caused by inflammatory factors or by enhancing the production of red blood cell from the bone marrow.

scholarly journals Qualitative Phytochemical Screening, GCMS Studies and In-Vitro Anti-Oxidative Properties of Aqeuous Leaf Extract of Gnetum africanum

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
A.S. Ezekwe ◽  
P.C. Ugwuezumba ◽  
P. Nwankpa ◽  
J.N. Egwurugwu ◽  
C.N. Ekweogu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

This study aimed at carrying out a qualitative phytochemical screening, GC-MS studies and in-vitro antioxidant properties of aqueous leaf extract of Gnetum africanum. The qualitative phytochemical screening of the aqueous leaf extract of Gnetum africanum was done using standard procedures and revealed the presence of terpenoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glucosides and phenols. The GC-MS screening revealed the presence of 14 compounds, 6 out of the 14 compounds were most prominent. The compound with the highest percentage peak area was caffeine with peak area of 96.9%, followed by n-Hexadacanotic acid with peak area of 60.9%, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol with peak area of 55.9%, tetradacanoic acid with peak area of 50.3%, cyclopentaneundecanoic acid with peak area of 47.8% and 2-cyclo-penten-1-2-hydroxy with peak area of 43.6% respectively. In-vitro determination of antioxidant property of leaf extract of Gnetum africanum was done photometrically using 2,2-dyhenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The DPPH scavenging ability of the leaf extract (43.2, 60.5, 68.8, and 75.7) was statistically significant at p<0.05 when compared with the standard drug ascorbic acid (81.1, 82.6, 85.1, and 90.4) % at 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/l. In conclusion, the leaf extract of Gnetum africanum is loaded with a host of important phytochemicals and has antioxidant properties which increase in potency with increase dose. Keywords: Phytochemical Screening, GCMS Studies, Anti-Oxidant, Gnetum africanum

scholarly journals Therapeutic Response of Epimedium gandiflorum’s Different Doses to Restore the Antioxidant Potential and Reproductive Hormones in Male Albino Rats

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932582095956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed Munir ◽  
Zahed Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Yameen ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Doses

Current study was planned to explore the therapeutic response of different doses of hydroethanolic extract of Epimedium grandiflorum leaves in male albino rats. Phytochemical analysis, HPLC and FTIR spectroscopy results revealed the presence of wide range of phenolic compounds and functional groups, respectively. Further, extract not induced significant hemolysis (7.56 ± 1.297%) against PBS (3.65 ± 0.35%) as negative control; while have significant clot lysis (44 ± 5.2%) potential, exhibited DPPH (78.87 ± 5.427%) scavenging, H2O2 (31.82 ± 3.491%) scavenging, antioxidant and reducing power activities. In vivo experimentation in albino male rats’ revealed that administration of different doses (50, 100, 200 mg/Kg b.w.) of extract orally for 42 days after CCl4 intoxication significantly (P < 0.05) restore the selected parameters including liver enzymes, renal profiles, and stress markers and significantly (P < 0.05) increased reproductive hormones like testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin while significantly (P < 0.05) decreased progesterone and estradiol toward normal in dose dependent manner. Significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the structural architecture of testicular tissue particularly in high dose group (200 mg/Kg b.w.) was also observed. Results revealed E. grandiflorum has significant therapeutic response to address the healthcare problems particularly of impotency.

scholarly journals Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Jatropha tanjorensis on parasitaemia and haematological parameters in mice infected with Plasmodium ber ghei

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
L.N. Ebenyi ◽  
K.A. Yongabi ◽  
F.U. Ali ◽  
M.C. Ominyi ◽  
C.B. Anyanwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Medicinal plants are proven sources of many useful drugs in our modern world. Jatropha tanjorensis, known as hospital too far, is consumed highly in Africa as herbal medicine. This research work was done to evaluate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Jatropha tanjorensis on parasitaemia and haematological parameters in mice infected with Plasmodium ber ghei. The leaves of J. tanjorensis were extracted with distilled water and qualitative phytochemical analysis carried out. Acute toxicity studies were carried out using the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline. The curative activity of the extract was examined using Rane’s test. A total of forty (40) mice were used for the study and they were infected with Plasmodium berghei. The infected mice were subdivided into five groups of six mice each and treated with different doses of standard drug (artemether/lumefantrine 25mg/kg) and extract (200, 400 and 800mg/kg body weight) for 4 days. After treatment, blood was collected and used for percentage parasitaemia, packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration. The result of phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpe noids, cardiac glycosides and anthra quinones. The result of the acute toxicity showed the signs of neither neurological, behavioral nor mortality at concentrations of 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg oral doses within the first 24 hours and during the 14 days study period. A dose- dependent increase was observed in Total haemoglobin (Hb) and Packed cell volume (PCV) levels which was collaborated with increase in weight as compared with negative control. The leaf extract of J. tanjorensis also revealed a significant (p<0.05) suppression activity and mean survival time at the doses of 400 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg when compared with the negative control. The extract of Jatropha tanjorensis showed reasonable levels of anti-anaemia and antimalarial activities with no signs of acute toxicity.  Therefore this study may support its use as an anti-prophylactic and blood tonic nutraceutical.

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