scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF UVARIA AFZELLI Sc. Elliot (ANNONAECAE) IN MICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Akanji Murtala ◽  
A. Omoloye Adesina ◽  
Aderonke Aderinola Adeyinka ◽  
Eniola Wasiu Olooto
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Population

Epilepsy is the fouth most common brain disorder in the world and about 65 million of the global population are victims. Sadly, the currently available conventional drugs are riddled with numerous side effects, expensive and have not demonstrated adequate capacity in managing this disorder. Hence, the need for safer, cheaper and more effective therapy. This study is aimed at investigating the anticonvulsant activity of the ethanol leaf extract of Uvaria afzelii. Twenty-five (25) mice were randomly allotted to five different groups of five mice each. The animals were treated orally with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract respectively and 10 ml/kg of distilled water. The standard group received diazepam (5 mg/kg, i.m). Both strychnine (4 mg/kg, i.p) and picrotoxin (5mg/kg, i.p.) were used to induce convulsion 30 minutes post administration of extract and distilled water, and 15 minutes for standard drug. The onset and duration of convulsion for each mouse were recorded. Mice that did not convulse within 30 min of strychnine and picrotoxin injection were considered protected. The extract (400 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.01) delayed the onset of convulsion with significant reduction (P<0.05) in the duration of seizures induced by picrotoxin with  20% mortality. In the strychnine-induced test, U. afzelii (200 & 400 mg/kg) significantly delayed (p<0.001, 0.0001) the onset of convulsion with mortality of about 40%. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and saponin. The findings in this study show that the ethanol leaf extract of Uvaria afzelii possesses anticonvulsant activity.

scholarly journals Effects of Tagetes erecta gel on experimentally induced oral ulcer model in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1844-1848
Author(s):  
Lakshana S ◽  
Vijayalakshmi S ◽  
Dinakar J ◽  
Asok Kumar K
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Oral Ulcer ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Ulcer Model ◽  
African Marigold ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Erect Leaf

Tagetes erecta(African marigold) has various medicinal values. The present study has been undertaken to evaluate the effects of extracts of the fresh leaves and flowers of Tagetes erecta on oral ulcer models in Wistar albino rats. The anti-ulcer activity of the extracts of tagetes erecta (2.5% and 5%) was compared between the leaf and flower and also with the standard drug, Triamcinolone. Phytochemical screening of plant extract, extract action on oral ulcer and histopathology analysis were carried out. Tagetes erecta leaf and flower extracts have showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and carotenoids. Results showed that Tagetes erect leaf extract showed significant oral ulcer protective activity (83.6%)  when compared with the standard drug Triamcinolone. In the present work, it can be concluded that the hydro alcoholic leaf and flower extractHistopathologys of Tagetes erectagel have better potential against oral ulcer which supports the traditional claims in folklore medicine.

Effect of anti-epileptic profile of jatamansi on the brain enzymes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Naveen B ◽  
Raja Sheker K ◽  
Anil Kumar A ◽  
Abhilash G
Keyword(s):  
Epileptic Activity ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
The People ◽  
Nardostachys Jatamansi ◽  
The World ◽  
The Brain

Seizures are an important and most common disease that affects the human body and are also caused to other neurological manifestations. Most of the people affected in the world currently are middle-aged and are suffering from many brain diseases. 50million people are affected due to epilepsy and convulsions around the world. There are many drugs that helpful and potent against epilepsy. As discussed, they have side effects, and the only solution to avoid those effects is the investigation of herbal sources for their anti-epileptic activity. One of those potent herbs is Nardostachys jatamansi. It was investigated and proved for its anti-epileptic property. The current research was planned to compare the effects of different extracts on the anti-epileptic property. In the process, double distilled water, methanol, ethanol and acetone were used as an extraction medium, and the extracts were tested for its property. Out of all the extracts, aqueous and methanol extracts showed a better activity compared with other extracts and standard drug, Diazepam.

Evaluation of anxiolytic and anticonvulsant potential of Mirabilis jalapa ethanolic extracts on standardized rat models

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 482-495
Author(s):  
M. Kumar ◽  
◽  
G. Thamotharan ◽  
P. Revathi ◽  
S. Shyji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa

Anxiety and Convulsion are the most prominent, crippled and cruel neurological diseases in recent times. There are many indigenous plants have beneficial properties to treat mental disease and psychic complaints. Evaluation of anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity of leaf and root ethanolic extracts of mirabilis jalapa in rat models were carried out using standardized experimental methods. The dried leaves and root was macerated with ethanol separately and administered the discern dose of 200 mg/k g p.o. and 400mg/kg p.o. from each extract and employed in Elevated Plus Maze test (EPM) and Open field test (OFT) with 2mg/kg i.p of Diazepam as a standard drug to assess the anxiolytic activity. Maximal electroshock induced convulsion (MES) (Phenytoin-20mg/kg i.p as a standard drug) and Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced seizures analyzed where Diazepam (5mg/kg) i.p as a standard drug to assess the anticonvulsant activity. Substantial changes in all tested activities EPM, OFT in anxiety model and MES, PTZ in anticonvulsant model were observed. The results revealed that ethanol leaf extract (400 mg/kg p.o.) was more impetus due to the high amount of flavonoid, phenolic compounds, steroids, terpenoid contents possess tremendous anti-anxiety whereas the ethanol root extract (400 mg/kg p.o.) and ethanol leaf extract (400 mg/kg p.o.) produce significant anticonvulsant potential effect compared to the control and standard drug treatment group. This study suggested that the plant M. jalapa is a much more active compound consistent medicinal plant to derive a potent drug against anxiety and convulsion.

scholarly journals Effect of ethanol leaf extract of Telfairia occidentalis on male reproductive activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 074-084
Author(s):  
Grace Emmanuel Essien ◽  
Grace Sylvester Effiong ◽  
Nse Udoka Ebe ◽  
Edikan Nkop Enoch ◽  
Emmanuel Onyi Nwuzor
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Telfairia Occidentalis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reproductive Activities

Telfairia occidentalis is a medicinal plant known to exhibit a wide range of biological activities because of the presence of phytochemicals like tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides. In this research work, the phytochemical screening and the antioxidant activities of Telfairia occidentalis leaves were evaluated. Also, this research work was designed to evaluate the effect of Telfairia occidentalis on reproductive hormones and sexual behaviour in male Albino Wistar rats using standard analytical methods. Twenty-five (25) sexually matured male rats were divided into five (5) groups of five (5) rats each; groups 1 and 2 were the normal and positive controls and were given distilled water and the standard drug (Manix Capsule) respectively while groups 3, 4 and 5 were administered the ethanol extract of the plant in graded dosages of 400, 200, and 100mg/kg respectively. Also 12 sexually matured female Albino rats were used for the assessment of sexual behavior.The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, terpenes and flavonoids while, the leaves showed a significant free radical scavenging activities with IC50 90μg/ml. The hormonal result showed that the extract cause a dose dependent significant increase (p<0.05) in testosterone when compared with the normal control. However, there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels also in comparison with the normal control. In conclusion, the ethanol leaf extract of Telfairia occidentalis increases the reproductive hormones which might increase the reproductive activities of the male rats.

scholarly journals Qualitative Phytochemical Screening, GCMS Studies and In-Vitro Anti-Oxidative Properties of Aqeuous Leaf Extract of Gnetum africanum

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
A.S. Ezekwe ◽  
P.C. Ugwuezumba ◽  
P. Nwankpa ◽  
J.N. Egwurugwu ◽  
C.N. Ekweogu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

This study aimed at carrying out a qualitative phytochemical screening, GC-MS studies and in-vitro antioxidant properties of aqueous leaf extract of Gnetum africanum. The qualitative phytochemical screening of the aqueous leaf extract of Gnetum africanum was done using standard procedures and revealed the presence of terpenoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glucosides and phenols. The GC-MS screening revealed the presence of 14 compounds, 6 out of the 14 compounds were most prominent. The compound with the highest percentage peak area was caffeine with peak area of 96.9%, followed by n-Hexadacanotic acid with peak area of 60.9%, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol with peak area of 55.9%, tetradacanoic acid with peak area of 50.3%, cyclopentaneundecanoic acid with peak area of 47.8% and 2-cyclo-penten-1-2-hydroxy with peak area of 43.6% respectively. In-vitro determination of antioxidant property of leaf extract of Gnetum africanum was done photometrically using 2,2-dyhenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The DPPH scavenging ability of the leaf extract (43.2, 60.5, 68.8, and 75.7) was statistically significant at p<0.05 when compared with the standard drug ascorbic acid (81.1, 82.6, 85.1, and 90.4) % at 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/l. In conclusion, the leaf extract of Gnetum africanum is loaded with a host of important phytochemicals and has antioxidant properties which increase in potency with increase dose. Keywords: Phytochemical Screening, GCMS Studies, Anti-Oxidant, Gnetum africanum

scholarly journals Study of anticonvulsant activity of acetazolamide on albino rats and its influence on anticonvulsant activity of sodium valproate

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 976
Author(s):  
Hemanth Kumar K. H. ◽  
Kishore M. S.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Seizure Model ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder. 30-40% of patients will continue to have seizures despite the use of antiepileptic drugs either alone or in combination. The present study is undertaken to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of Acetazolamide (ACZ) in albino rats and its influence on anticonvulsant activity of sodium valproate.Methods: Albino rats (150-200gms) of male sex were randomly selected, from central animal facility, MMCRI, Mysore. They were divided into 6groups (per model) of 6 rats each, control group-normal saline 0.5ml, standard group-sodium valproate (300mg/kg), dose 1-ACZ (8.75mg/kg), dose 2-ACZ (17.5mg/kg) and dose 3-ACZ (35mg/kg), dose 4-ACZ (8.75mg/kg) with sodium valproate (150mg/kg). The anti-convulsant activity was screened using MES model and PTZ model.Results: Results were analysed by ANOVA followed by post hoc Fisher’s LSD test. The ACZ has shown anticonvulsant activity at the dose of 17.5mg/kg and 35mg/kg body weight and combination of ACZ 8.75mg/kg with sodium valproate 150mg/kg both in MES model and PTZ model. The anticonvulsant activity of ACZ was less when compared to Sodium Valproate in both MES model and PTZ model. The anticonvulsant activity of combination, ACZ 8.75mg/kg with Sodium valproate 150mg/kg was comparable and more significant when compared to standard drug alone in MES model and PTZ model.Conclusions: The ACZ has shown anticonvulsant activity in MES model and PTZ induced seizure model of epilepsy. This study has shown that ACZ potentiated the effect of sodium valproate and can be used as add on drug with sodium valproate in epilepsy.

Investigation of Arthritis Suppressing Potency of Chloris Paraguaiensis on Freund’s Adjuvant Induced Arthritis in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5047-5050
Author(s):  
Somasundaram G ◽  
Jaikumar S ◽  
Balaji subramaniyan R
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Adjuvant Induced Arthritis ◽  
Grass Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparable Activity

Arthritis is a widespread disorder that occurs in elderly patients currently in the world. It is one of those disorders that affect the joints and is classified as an inflammatory disorder that is a result of immune system malfunctioning. Taking into consideration the side effects of immune suppressants that are used to treat arthritis; generally, plants are being investigated for the chemical constituents to treat the diseases. It is proved that moieties obtained from herbal sources are relatively safer and potent too. The economical methods of treating illness are using plants, and so the herbs are investigated for the treatment of arthritis. ., is one of the members of grass family which is grown wildly in tropical countries all around the world. It usually grows like a weed and can be employed for many pharmacological problems. Traditional claims are there to treat DM, Rheumatism and . Chemical constituents like , and have been isolated from the plant earlier. was selected as a subject to investigate its anti-arthritis potential in using experimental animals following the folklore claims that the plant can be used to treat arthritis. It may be due to the presence of and chemical constituents in the plant. The exact mechanism of action is to be established and the extracts in this current study showed a significantly comparable activity with that of the standard drug .

scholarly journals The Climbing Performance, Neuromuscular Transmitter (ACHE) Activity, Reproductive Performance and Survival of Drosophila melanogaster Fed Diet with Mangifera indica Cold Aqueous Leaf Extract

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Etuh Monday Alexander ◽  
John Chinyere Aguiyi ◽  
Iorjiim Walter Mdekera ◽  
Ochala Sunshine Ogwu ◽  
Oyeniran Oluwatosin Imoleayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Objective: To screen the toxic effect of Mangifera indica aqueous leaf extract in Drosophila melanogaster. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical screening was carried out. 20 Adult flies were exposed to 7.5 mg, 15 mg,  30 mg, 45 mg and 100 mg /10 g diet for acute toxicity (168hrs) while 50 flies were exposed to 2.5 mg, 5 mg and 10 mg/10 g diet for sub chronic (28 days). All concentrations were prepared in 1000µl of distilled water and replicated three (3) times. Diet+1000µl of Distilled water served as control. Fecundity/developmental toxicity, Climbing and AChE activities were carried out by exposing flies to the sub-chronic concentrations for 5 days. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids. The acute toxicity test showed 100% mortality at 100 mg/ 10 g diet and 168hrs LC50 was 72.4 mg/10 g diet. The sub chronic toxicity test showed decrease in flies survival along concentration with a least survival at 10 mg/10 g diet. There was a slight reduction and elevation in the Climbing and AChE activities respectively but not statistically significant (p>0.05) compared to control. At 5 mg and 10 mg/10 g diet there was a delay in the development with few emerged flies. Conclusion: From the Results, it can be concluded that Mangiferaindica aqueous leaf extract may be toxic at high dose from 72.4 mg/10 g diet and might have an adverse effect on the development and survival of flies at sub chronic concentration as low as 2.5 mg/10g diet.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Investigation Using LC-MS Analysis and Antimicrobial Activities of Leaf Extract of Muntingia calabura Linn

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jebaseelan ◽  
B. Edwin Jose ◽  
Dr.R. Meera
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

The present study was carried out to determine the possible LC-MS and anti-microbial activity of plant extracts prepared from Muntingia calabura and phytochemical screening was demonstrated. The extracts from the plant parts like leaf were prepared in different solvents like petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol. The highest antimicrobial potentials were observed for the ethanolic extracts against (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans) Its efficacy was comparable to the standard drug, amikacin. Significant amount of tannins, alkaloids, steroids and flavonoids were found. The present study provides evidence that solvent extract of M. calabura contains medicinally important bioactive compounds and this justifies the use of plant species as traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases. Likewise, the leaf extract of Muntingia calabura showed more zone of inhibition with fungus Candida albicans. This shows its antiseptic nature which might have been induced because of the components present.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antiulcer activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Coccinia grandis in indomethacin induced gastric ulcer model

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Barathane Datchanamurthy ◽  
Mythireyi D. ◽  
Dhivyashanthi C. M.
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Common Adverse Effect ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Coccinia Grandis ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Background: Gastric mucosal ulceration is the most common adverse effect with NSAIDS. Antacids, H2 blockers and PPIs are considered novel in treating ulcers but are not devoid of side effects. Hence, there a need for a drug which is effective against NSAID induced ulcers with no side effects. Coccinia grandis plant is traditionally used for the treatment of gastric/peptic ulcers. Hence, this study has been undertaken to scientifically validate the antiulcer activity of Coccinia grandis leaves against indomethacin induced gastric ulcer model.Methods: Following preparation of the extract, 24 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups with 6 rats in each group (n=6). Group 1 received 1% CMC, group 2 received 1% CMC +indomethacin 40 mg/kg, group 3 received ethanolic leaf extract of Coccinia grandis 200 mg/kg +indomethacin 40 mg/kg and group 4 received omeprazole (2 mg/kg) +indomethzacin 40 mg/kg for 7 days. Calculation of ulcer score was done using ulcer index and percentage protection.Results: The ulcer index score (2.12±0.21) and percentage protection (69.71%) was comparable with the standard drug (1.76±0.11, 74.85%) respectively.Conclusions: The ethanolic leaf extract of Coccinia grandis showed significant antiulcer activity against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the exact mechanism of antiulcer activity.

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