scholarly journals Herbal snuff (AK-47 and HAM) induce oxidative stress and increase acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity in rat brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Bawa Yusuf Muhammad ◽  
Sulaiman Abdullahi Barau ◽  
Moses Zira Zaruwa ◽  
Rabo Maikefi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Brain Ache Activity ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme

Snuff has resurfaced not only in western countries but in Africa including Nigeria. It is now almost generally acceptable, among young and old in Nigeria. This research was designed to investigate the Effect of Hajiya Aisha Manpower (HAM) and AK-47 on Antioxidant Status and Acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity (AchE) of Wister Albino Rats. Thirty (30) Wister rats (110-120 g) were arbitrarily divided into five groups. Group1 (control); received only distilled water. Groups 2 and 3 (received 6 mg and 3 mg/kg b.w.t of HAM respectively). Groups 4 and 5 (received 6 mg and 3 mg/kg b.w.t AK-47 of respectively). After two months of treatments, the rats were anesthetized, blood samples were taken through heart puncture and brains of all rats were isolated and homogenized. The Result revealed Non-significant decrease in Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and concomitant increase in GSH levels in treatment groups were observed in relation to the control. While a substantial increase (p˂ 0.5) in MDA was detected in treatment groups. Brain AchE activity increased significantly in all treatment groups in relation to the control. We conclude that Both AK-47 and HAM at high concentration induce oxidative stress, decreased antioxidant enzyme activities and promote degradation of acetylcholine in rat brain homogenate.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of 3-benzoyl-7-hydroxy Coumarin on Liver of Adult Rat Exposed to Aluminium Chloride

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-228
Author(s):  
Ahmet Özkaya ◽  
Kenan Türkan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System ◽  
Hydroxy Coumarin

In this study, the effects of 3-benzoyl-7-hydroxy coumarin molecule on mineral and antioxidant enzymes were investigated in rat liver exposed to oxidative stress with aluminium chloride (AlCl3). Adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups as Control, Coumarin, AlCl3, and Coumarin + AlCl3. Coumarin at the dose of 10 mg/kg and AlCl3 at the dose of 8.3 mg/kg were administered for 30 days every other day. In AlCl3 group, malondialdehyde (MDA), iron (Fe), aluminium (Al) and copper (Cu) levels increased compared to the control group, while glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and carboxylesterase (Ces) enzyme activity levels decreased. In Coumarin + AlCl3 group, MDA, Fe, Al and Cu levels decreased with the effect of coumarin compared to AlCl3 group, while GSH level, and GST enzyme activity levels increased. According to our results, AlCl3 generates oxidative stress in rat livers, and we believe that 3-benzoyl-7-hydroxy coumarin has an ameliorative effect on antioxidant enzyme system, Al, Fe and Cu levels.

Effect of Oxidative Stress on Lymphocytes from Elderly Subjects

1998 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. García-Arumí ◽  
A. L. Andreu ◽  
J. López-Hellín ◽  
S. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Defences ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Healthy Elderly

1. Oxidative damage has been associated with ageing, but there is no agreement as to whether or not it is produced by a decrease in antioxidant defences with the ageing process. In purified lymphocytes from 47 healthy elderly (75.27 ± 0.91 years) and 47 healthy young (29.87 ± 0.53 years) volunteers, we studied the levels of antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase), protein oxidative damage (as protein carbonyl content) and lysosomal proteolytic activity (cathepsins B, H and L), with and without exposure to oxidative stress produced by 25 μmol/l H2O2. 2. There were no differences in antioxidant enzyme activities in the stressed and non-stressed samples between the young and elderly subjects, indicating that there was no relationship between age and antioxidant enzyme activity even in oxidative stress. However, a dissimilar response to oxidative stress was observed in protein oxidative damage and cathepsin B and L activities, depending on the age of the donor. 3. With these results we conclude that oxidative stress produces greater protein oxidative damage and increased protein degradation in elderly subjects than in young ones; this effect cannot be attributed to dissimilar antioxidant enzyme responses to oxidative stress, since these did not differ between the two age groups.

scholarly journals Nutritional Compositions and In-vivo Antioxidant Effect of Corchorus olitorius Ethanol Leaf Extract in CCl4-induced Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Josiah Ndukwe ◽  
Antoinette N. C. Okaka ◽  
Victor Henry Azubuike Enemor ◽  
Uchechukwu Chibuzo Ogbodo ◽  
Precious Uchenna Ezeobi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
In Vivo Antioxidant Effect

Background: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various disease conditions with concomitant toll on the body’s defense mechanism against free radicals. To continuously sustain and support the efficiency of the body’s antioxidant defense system, natural plant sources are required. Thus, the need for alternative options especially of plants that are neglected and under-utilized. Hence, this study aimed at investigating the proximate and phytochemical compositions and in-vivo antioxidant effect of ethanol leaf extract of C. olitorius on antioxidant enzyme activities in CCl4-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty albino rats of Wistar strain (120-150g) were divided into six groups (A – F) of five rats each. Groups A, B and C served as test groups and were administered 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg doses of C. olitorius leaf extract respectively while Group D served as normal control. Groups E and F served as the positive and negative controls and were administered 50 mg/kg Silymarin and distilled water respectively. The administration lasted for 15 days after which blood was collected via cardiac puncture. Results: Findings showed that the leaf was rich in total phenol (21.47 ± 0.00 mgGAE/g) and tannin (23.34 ± 0.75 mgTAE/g) with little quantity of oxalate (0.48 ± 0.09 mg/g), cardiac glycosides (0.30 ± 0.07 %) and phytate (0.25 ± 0.01 %). The result of the proximate composition revealed that the leaf was rich in carbohydrate (44.16 ± 1.21 %), ash (20.31 ± 0.51 %) and protein (11.29 ± 2.06 %) with negligible quantity of lipid (0.46 ± 0.11 %). More so, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were all increased in the extract treated group when compared to the controls. Conclusion: From the above findings, it can be concluded that the ethanol leaf extract of C. olitorius may possess exploitable nutritional components and potential antioxidant activity against the debilitating effects of free radicals.

Oral Supplements of Ginkgo biloba Extract Alleviate Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Impairments and Neurotoxicity in Rotenone-Induced Parkinsonian Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1259-1268
Author(s):  
Nema A. Mohammed ◽  
Heba M. Abdou ◽  
Mona A. Tass ◽  
Manal Alfwuaires ◽  
Ashraf M. Abdel-Moneim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants

Background: Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) is known to contain several bioactive compounds and exhibits free radical scavenging activity. Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and is associated with oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of GbE in a rat model of PD induced by rotenone (ROT; a neurotoxin). Methods: Twenty-four male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups of six rats each: normal control, GbE treated, toxin control (ROT treated) and GbE+ROT group. Results:: Oral administration of ROT (2.5 mg/kg b.w.) for 50 days caused an increased generation of lipid peroxidation products and significant depletion of reduced glutathione, total thiol content and activities of enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the brains of treated rats. Furthermore, ROT caused an elevation in acetylcholinesterase, interleukin-1β, interleukin- 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α and a significant reduction in dopamine in the stratum and substantia nigra. Immunohistochemical results illustrated that ROT treatment reduced the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). GbE treatment (150 mg/kg b.w./day) significantly reduced the elevated oxidative stress markers and proinflammatory cytokines and restored the reduced antioxidant enzyme activities, DA level and TH expression. These results were confirmed by histological observations that clearly indicated a neuroprotective effect of GbE against ROT-induced PD. Conclusion: GbE mitigated ROT-induced PD via the inhibition of free-radical production, scavenging of ROS, and antioxidant enhancement.

Bispyridinium Oximes As Antidotal Treatment of Cyclosarin Poisoning—In Vitro and In Vivo Testing

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Bartosova ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Daniel Jun ◽  
Gabriela Kunesova
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Hi 6 ◽  
In Vivo Testing ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Source

The mechanism of intoxication with organophosphorus compounds, including highly toxic nerve agents and less toxic pesticides, is based on the formation of irreversibly inhibited acetylcholinesterase, which causes cumulation of neuromediator acetylcholine in synaptic clefts and subsequent overstimulation of cholinergic receptors, that is followed by a generalized cholinergic crisis. Nerve agent poisoning is conventionally treated using a combination of a cholinolytic (atropine mostly) to counteract the accumulation of acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase reactivators (pralidoxime or obidoxime) to reactivate inhibited acetylcholinesterase. In this study of cyclosarin poisoning treatment, oximes of different chemical structures (obidoxime, HI-6, BI-6, and HS-6) were tested in vitro on rat brain acetylcholinesterase (enzyme source: rat brain homogenate), and afterwards, they were tested in vivo in equimolar doses, in mice and rats. The HI-6 oxime appeared to be the most effective oxime in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Probucol Protects Rats from Cardiac Dysfunction Induced by Oxidative Stress following Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Xiao ◽  
Huiyuan Hou ◽  
Victor Lin ◽  
Daisy Ho ◽  
Kyle Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups

Objective. To investigate the protective effect of probucol on induced cardiac arrest (CA) rats and possible mechanisms.Methods. Sprague Dawley rats were orally administrated with probucol at different dosage or vehicle for 5 days and subjected to a CA model by electrical stimulation, followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate, antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipid oxidation markers were measured in serum and myocardium. Hemodynamic parameters and myocardial functions of animals were analyzed. Expression of erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) in the myocardium were examined with immunohistochemistry.Results. Probucol treatment significantly increased the ROSC rate and survival time of CA-induced rats. After ROSC, levels of oxidation-specific markers were decreased, while activities of antioxidant enzymes were increased significantly in probucol treatment groups. The probucol treatment improves hemodynamic parameters and myocardial functions. These parameter changes were in a dose-dependent manner. In the probucol treatment groups, the expression of KEAP1 was downregulated, while that of NFE2L2 was upregulated significantly.Conclusion. In the CA-induced rat model, probucol dose dependently improved the ROSC rate, prolonged survival time, alleviated oxidative stress, and improved cardiac function. Such protective effects are possibly through regulations of the KEAP1-NFE2L2 system.

scholarly journals PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signalling Inhibitor Chrysophanol Ameliorates Neurobehavioural and Neurochemical Defects in Propionic Acid-induced Experimental Model of Autism in Adult Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarti Sharma ◽  
Sonalika Bhalla ◽  
Sidharth Mehan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mtor Signalling

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder marked by social and communication deficits as well as repetitive behaviour. Several studies have found that overactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathways during brain development plays a significant role in autism pathogenesis. Overexpression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway causes neurological disorders by increasing cell death, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Chrysophanol, also known as chrysophanic acid, is a naturally occurring chemical obtained from the plant Rheum palmatum. This study aimed to examine the neuroprotective effect of CPH on neurobehavioral, molecular, neurochemical, and gross pathological alterations in ICV-PPA induced experimental model of autism in adult rats. The effects of ICV-PPA on PI3K/AKT/mTOR downregulation in the brain were studied in autism-like rats. Furthermore, we investigated how CPH affected myelin basic protein (MBP) levels in rat brain homogenate and apoptotic biomarkers such as caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 levels in rat brain homogenate and blood plasma samples. Rats were tested for behavioural abnormalities such as neuromuscular dysfunction using an actophotometer, motor coordination using a beam crossing task (BCT), depressive behaviour using a forced swim test (FST), cognitive deficiency, and memory consolidation using a Morris water maze (MWM) task. In PPA-treated rats, prolonged oral CPH administration from day 12 to day 44 of the experimental schedule reduces autistic-like symptoms. Furthermore, in rat brain homogenates, blood plasma, and CSF samples, cellular, molecular, and cell death markers, neuroinflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitter levels, and oxidative stress indicators were investigated. The recent findings imply that CPH also restores abnormal neurochemical levels and may prevent autism-like gross pathological alterations, such as demyelination volume, in the rat brain.

Cholesterol plus Methionine Feeding do not Induce Lipid Peroxidation and Atherosclerotic Changes in the Rat Aorta

2002 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra Dogru-Abbasoglu ◽  
Canan Basaran-Küçükgergin ◽  
Sule Seçkin ◽  
Serdar Öztezcan ◽  
Seyhun Solakoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Induce Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Atherosclerotic Changes ◽  
Convenient Model

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cholesterol plus methionine feeding may be a convenient model to produce atherosclerosis in rats, and also to examine the contribution of oxidative stress to this development. For this reason, lipid peroxide levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver and aorta as well as histopathological findings were determined in male Wistar-albino rats fed a diet supplemented with cholesterol plus cholic acid and methionine for six months. This diet was found to increase lipid peroxide levels in the liver of rats. Hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities increased, but superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity remained unchanged. In conclusion, cholesterol and methionine feeding in rats did not cause oxidative stress and atherosclerotic changes in the aorta, although hepatic prooxidant-antioxidant balance was affected by this diet.

Can ursolic acid be beneficial against diabetes in rats?

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merve Bacanlı ◽  
Sevtap Aydın ◽  
Hatice Gül Anlar ◽  
Tuğbagül Çal ◽  
Nuray Arı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Hepatic Enzyme ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Stress Parameters

Abstract Objective: Diabetes mellitus, a heteregenous metabolic and chronic disease, is a growing health problem especially in developing countries. It is claimed that diabetes associated with increased formation of free radicals and decrease in antioxidant potential and also alterations in lipid profile and enzyme levels. Ursolic acid is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine due to its beneficial effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ursolic acid on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar albino rats. Methods: DNA damage was evaluated in the blood and liver cells of rats by alkaline comet assay. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress parameters, biochemical parameters, hepatic enzyme levels and lipid profile parameters were also evaluated. Results: The results of this study demonstrate that diabetes caused genotoxic damage, changes in hepatic enzyme and lipid profile, biochemical and antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress parameters in rats. Ursolic acid was found to be protective against diabetes induced effects in blood and liver samples of rats. Conclusions: According to our results, it seems that ursolic acid may be beneficial against diabetes and its adverse effects in rats.

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