scholarly journals Insecticidal and growth regulatory effect of Jatropha curcas and Linum usitatissimum extracts along with new chemistry pesticide spinetoram against Sargodha strain of Rhyzopertha Dominica

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Bushra Moon ◽  
Mahwish Razzaq ◽  
Muhammad Haseeb ◽  
Sania Iftikhar ◽  
Marriyam Mushtaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Percent Mortality

Store grain insect pests such as Lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica) is a key feeder and cause substantial weight loss of wheat during storage. Present study was planned to evaluate insecticidal, repellent and growth regulator potential of botanical extracts of two plants Jatropha curcas and Linum usitatissimum along with Spinetoram against Rhyzopertha Dominica. This study was conducted at the Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (UAF) Grain Research, Training, and Storage Management Cell. Each treatment with three replication of 5%, 10%, and 15% concentrations of plant extracts and 100ppm, 200ppm, and 300ppm concentrations of insecticide were used against the adults of R. dominica by using Complete Randomized Design. Insect mortality was taken after 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment. Data of growth regulation data was observed after 30 and 60 days. Data was analyzed by statistic 8.1 software for analysis of variance at 5% level of significance and treatment means was compared with the help of Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (THSD) test. After 72 hours, Spinetoram showed maximum percent mortality (84%) followed by J. curcas (19.17%) and L. usitatissimum (12.28%) at their higher concentrations rate. Among treatments, after 60 days of exposure, Spinetoram was proved to be more effective against the R. dominica with maximum growth inhibition (70%) as compared to J. curcas (44%) and Linseed (28%). Overall the results indicated that these plant extracts and Spinetoram can be used as efficient alternatives of synthetic chemicals for management of stored grains insect pests.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Plant Extracts for the Control of Diamond Moth (Plutella xylostella Linnaeus) Infesting Cabbage (Brassica oleracea Linn)

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 164-178
Author(s):  
Adeola Foluke Odewole ◽  
Timothy Abiodun Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Unsprayed Plot ◽  
Negative Controls

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea Linn.) is one of the important vegetables grown worldwide. Insect pests have been a major constraint to its production with some reported to have developed resistance to commonly available synthetic insecticides. In order to find alternative control for these pests, field experiments were conducted in the early seasons of 2011 and 2012, to evaluate the efficacy of three plant extracts, Tephrosia vogelli Hooks, Zingiber officinales Rosh and Lantana camara Spanish flag, applied at 5, 10 and 25 % w/v concentrations Delthamethrin (a synthethic insecticide) and an unsprayed plot were included as positive and negative controls respectively. Plots were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three replications. Mean Data over the two planting seasons were subjected to the analysis of variance and significant means were compared using the least significant difference (L.S.D) at P < 0.05. Z. officinales extract effectively control P. xylostella larvae at all concentrations with 25 % w/v gave the best yield of 0.50 kg/ha while T. vogelii and L. camara extracts were as effective as Deltamethrin at different concentrations and hours on diamondback-moth (P. xylostella) adult The present findings indicated that effective botanicals against Diamondback moth adult and larvae of cabbage can be formulated from extract of T. vogelii, L. camara and Z. officinales at 25 % concentration respectively.

scholarly journals Insecticidal Activity of Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae) Aqueous Extracts against the Grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Dongmo Tonleu Ingrid ◽  
Seino Richard Akwanjoh ◽  
Manjeli Yacouba
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Zonocerus Variegatus ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Percent Mortality

Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae) is an annual plant with insecticidal activity against some insect pests. The present study was designed to evaluate the insecticidal activity of aqueous extracts (infusion and maceration) of A. conyzoides against the pest grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus (Orthoptera, Pyrgomorphidae). Concentrations of 0, 10, 30, 100 & 300 µg/ml were prepared and administrated through injection to grasshoppers. Mortality rate was recorded for adult grasshoppers each day until the 9th day of treatment. Results revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) of mortality rate with increasing concentrations of the two plant extracts. Plant extracts at 300 µg/ml induced 100.00 ± 0.00 percent mortality of adults Z. variegatus after 4 and 5 days for A. conyzoides infusion and maceration respectively. No mortality was registered after treatment with 0 & 10 µg/ml of the two plant extracts. Male mortality rate tended to be higher than that of female at the same concentration. Also, infusion tended to significantly increase (p < 0.05) mortality rate than maceration at the same concentration. Phytochemicals screening have shown that the presence of saponins, tannins, triterpenoids and alkaloids in the A. conyzoides aqueous extracts may be responsible for the insecticidal activity of this plant. These phytochemicals may therefore be exploited and serve as suitable alternatives to synthetic insecticides against the grasshopper Z. variegatus.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION PROJECT ON PRODUCTIVITY AND POVERTY AMONG RICE FARMERS IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-400
Author(s):  
O. S. Balogun ◽  
M. A. Damisa ◽  
O. Yusuf ◽  
O. L. Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Transformation ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Late Model

The study was carried out to examine the effect of agricultural transformation on the beneficiary’s productivity and poverty of rice farmers in Kano State Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling method was employed to select 571 respondents for the study. Data were collected through structured questionnaires on respondent’s income, input and output quantities as well as their expenditures. Data were analysis using descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT), Propensity score matching and LATE model. Results from the study shows that respondents productivity revealed a significant difference of about 127 kg/ha in rice productivity between participants and non-participants. Also, the LATE estimates revealed an average treatment effect ATE0 of about 222.98kg/ha. Furthermore, the project had a significant effect N11, 321.4 on the participant’s consumption expenditure than the non-participants N9980.60. Moreover, participants were, able to increase their household total expenditures by N34780 per annum. Fluctuations of input/output prices insect pests and inadequate extension visits were all the major constraints faced by the farmers. It was recommended that farmers’ information and sensitization system should be overhauled and improved. Also, attention should be given to well organize extension visits for the farmers from stake holders

Evaluation of the growth and sporulation of different entomopathogenic fungi in different liquid and solid media at varied concentrations

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 5459
Author(s):  
Chandra Teja K. ◽  
Rahman S. J.
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Virulent Strains

Entomopathogenic fungi like Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii are used in biological control of agricultural insect pests. Their specific mode of action makes them an effective alternative to the chemical Insecticides. Virulent strains of Entomopathogenic fungi are effectively formulated and used as bio-insecticides world-wide. Amenable and economical multiplication of a virulent strain in a large scale is important for them to be useful in the field. Culture media plays a major role in the large-scale multiplication of virulent strains of Entomopathogens. Different substrates and media components are being used for this purpose. Yet, each strain differs in its nutritional requirements for the maximum growth and hence it is necessary to standardize the right components and their optimum concentrations in the culture media for a given strain of Entomopathogen. In the current study, three different nitrogen sources and two different carbon sources were tried to standardize the mass multiplication media for seven test isolates of Entomopathogenic fungi. A study was also conducted to determine the ideal grain media for the optimum conidial yields of the test isolates. Yeast extract was found to be the best Nitrogen source for the isolates. The isolates tested, differed in their nutritional requirements and showed variation in the best nitrogen and carbon sources necessary for their growth. Variation was also found in the optimum concentration of both the ingredients for the growth and sporulation of the isolates. In the solid-state fermentation study, rice was found to be the best grain for the growth of most of the fungi followed by barley. The significance of such a study in the development of an effective Myco-insecticide is vital and can be successfully employed in agriculture is discussed.

scholarly journals Potassium and Water-Deficient Conditions Influence the Growth, Yield and Quality of Ratoon Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in a Semi-Arid Agroecosystem

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2257
Author(s):  
Rajan Bhatt ◽  
Jagdish Singh ◽  
Alison M. Laing ◽  
Ram Swaroop Meena ◽  
Walaa F. Alsanie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Ratoon Sugarcane

Groundwater and soil potassium deficiencies are present in northern India. Sugarcane is a vital crop in the Indian Punjab; it is grown on approximately 91,000 hectares with an average yield of 80 tonnes ha−1 and a sugar recovery rate of 9.59%. The role of potassium (K) fertilizer under both sufficient and deficient irrigation in ratoon sugarcane crops is not well documented. We conducted a split-plot ratoon cane experiment during 2020–2021 at the Gurdaspur Regional Research Station of Punjab Agricultural University, India, on K-deficient soils. Main treatments were fully irrigated (I1) and water stressed (I0) conditions, with sub-treatments reflecting K fertilizer application rates of 0 (M1), 67 (M2), 133 (M3), and 200 (M4) kg K ha−1. The ratoon sugarcane performance was assessed in terms of growth, productivity, sugar quality and incidence of key insect pests. At harvest, trends in the growth and yield parameters in I1 were improved over the I0 treatment, with cane height (+12.2%), diameter (+3.3%), number of internodes (+5.4%), biomass yield (+7.6%) and cane yield (+5.9%) all higher, although little significant difference was observed between treatments. Ratoon cane yield under irrigation was 57.1 tonnes ha−1; in water-stressed conditions, it was 54.7 tonnes ha−1. In terms of sugarcane quality parameters, measured 12 months after harvesting the initial seed crop, values of Brix (+3.6%), pol (+3.9%), commercial cane sugar percentage (+4.0%) and extractable sugar percentage (+2.8%) were all higher in the irrigated treatments than the water-stressed plot. Irrigated treatments also had a significantly lower incidence of two key insect pests: top borer (Scirpophaga excerptalis) was reduced by 18.5% and stalk borer (Chilo auricilius) by 21.7%. The M3 and M4 treatments resulted in the highest cane yield and lowest incidence of insect pests compared to other K-fertilizer treatments. Economic return on K-fertilizer application increased with increasing fertilizer dosage. Under the potassium-deficient water-stressed conditions of the region of north India, a fertilizer application rate of 133 kg K ha−1 is recommended to improve ratoon sugarcane growth, yield, and quality parameters and economic returns for sugarcane farmers.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation of Tannin and Nutrient in Aegiceras corniculatum Leaves in Zhangjiang Mangrove Ecosystem

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Minshen Huang ◽  
Lihua Zhang ◽  
Shudong Wei ◽  
Qi Zeng ◽  
Haichao Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Aegiceras Corniculatum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Shade Leaves ◽  
Sun Leaves

Seasonal dynamics of total phenolics (TP), extractable condensed tannins (ECT), protein-bound condensed tannins (PBCT), fiber-bound condensed tannins (FBCT), total condensed tannins (TCT) and nitrogen contents in sun and shade leaves of Aegiceras corniculatum were studied in the Zhangjiang Estuary, Fujian Province, China. The contents of TP, ECT and TCT in the sun leaves were significantly higher than those in the shade leaves through the season. The N content in sun leaves was higher than that in shade leaves in the autumn, while it was lower in the summer, and there was no significant difference in the winter and spring. With the respect to the P through the year, P content in the sun leaves was different between seasons, with the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. In addition, the TP:N and ECT:N ratios in sun leaves were significantly higher than those in shade leaves except in autumn. High tannin levels and TP:N and ECT:N ratios in the sun leaves not only can reduce oxidative stress, but also improve the ability of resisting plant diseases and insect pests.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Effects of Using Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Linum Usitatissimum and Rosa Damascena on Liver Function in Adult Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mehdi Padam ◽  
◽  
Ameneh Khoshvaghti ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims: Damage to liver tissue and its dysfunction is very important and if left untreated, it can cause serious problems and even death. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Linum usitatissimum and Rosa damascena on liver enzymes, total protein, bilirubin, albumin, and serum glucose levels. Materials and Methods: This is a non-randomized clinical trial conducted on 42 male rats divided into 6 groups; control group (group 1) received only sufficient water and food, groups 1 and 2 received 300 and 500 mg/ kgB.W Linum usitatissimum extract, groups 3 and 4 received 500 and 1000 mg/ kgB.W Rosa damascena, and group 6 received 100 mg/ kgB.W Linum usitatissimum plus 250 mg/ kgB.W Rosa damascena extracts intraperitoneally for 28 days. After the last injection, the rats were weighed and their blood samples were collected. The study parameters were measured using a colorimetric method by a spectrophotometer, and then were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test in SPSS V. 25 at a significance level of P<0.05. Findings: There was no significant difference between alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilirubin levels in the control group in comparison with other groups (P>0.05). In the groups received Rosa damascena extract, there was a significant difference between total protein and albumin levels compared to the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference between serum glucose and aspartate aminotransferase in the control group compared to other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Linum usitatissimum and Rosa damascena have no negative effect on the liver function. The probability of diarrhea occurrence and the possible effects on the total protein and serum albumin after using Rosa damascena, and the effects of different doses of Linum usitatissimum on the glucose levels should be taken into account.

scholarly journals Degradation of Phorbol Esters on the Jatropha curcas Linn. Seed by Biological Detoxification

2021 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 00020
Author(s):  
Hany Handajani ◽  
Riza Rahman Hakim ◽  
Ganjar Adhywirawan Sutaro ◽  
Boy Ronald Mavuso ◽  
Zhong–Wen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phorbol Ester ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Phorbol Esters ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Significant Difference

The application of fermentation is one of methods to increase food quality biologically. Availability of Jatropha curcas residual from oil factory be focused as a soybean meal or fish meal replacement. On the other hand, J. curcas residuals possess a toxic compound as well. This study aimed to examine the effect of Aspergillus niger on the nutrition and harmful content of J. curcas as a potential ingredient of feed. In brief, J. curcas residual was fermented with a detoxification method at 3 d, 5 d, and 7 d. Crude protein, fat, and crude fiber content were assessed to discover the biological responses of J. curcas post–fermentation while phorbol ester was evaluated to toxic content post–detoxification. The results showed that crude protein and fat content were highest on 7 d post–fermentation but it was no significant difference (p > 0.05). While crude fiber content showed significant difference which the 3 d fermentation had the highest content of fiber. For phorbol ester content, 3 d fermentation showed a better result than the control group (p < 0.05). The present findings suggest that A. niger is recommendable as starter to reduce fiber and toxic content of J. curcas residual at 3 d fermentation.

scholarly journals Correlation of serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations with anthropometric parameters in newborns

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 595-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Palcevska-Kocevska ◽  
Natasa Aluloska ◽  
Marija Krstevska ◽  
Elena Shukarova-Angelovska ◽  
Ljiljana Kojik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neonatal Growth ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Introduction. It has been shown that some adipocytokines and their mutual relationship can be indicators of fetal and neonatal growth. Physiological role of leptin and adiponectin in fetal and neonatal growth is not well established. Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of the anthropometrics parameters and serum concentration of leptin and adiponectin levels in healthy newborns. Methods. A cohort of 110 neonates, born after uncomplicated singleton pregnancies at term, were classified as AGA (n=60), SGA (n=30) and LGA (n=20) according to the Lubchenco curves. Anthropometric parameters of the neonates: birth weight (BW), birth length (BL), body weight/body length ratio (BW/ BL), Body Mass Index (BMI) and Ponderal Index (PI) were recorded after birth. Results. Mean serum leptin and adiponectin levels in both sexes were not significantly different (male: 1.85?0.75; 29.51?22.89 and female: 2.06?0.99; 31.60?23.51 ng/mL). There was a significant difference between leptin levels in AGA and LGA newborns (1.93?0.84 vs. 3.12?1.50 ng/mL) (p<0.05), and in adiponectin levels between AGA and LGA compared to SGA newborns (32.8?23.29 and 43.40?31.24 vs. 12.67?2.43 ng/mL, respectivel; p<0.05; p<0.05). Leptin and adiponectin levels were positively correlated with BW (r=0.63 and r=0.41), BL (r=0.63, r=0.42), BW/BL (r=0.61, r=0.41), BMI (r=0.54, r=0.35), and PI (r=0.47, r=0.29, (p<0.01). Conclusion. Significantly higher adiponectin levels were found in AGA neonates compared to SGA neonates. Leptin and adiponectine levels were positively correlated with birth weight. These findings suggest that these adipocytokines may be involved in fetal growth regulation.

scholarly journals Biocidal potential of Three Plant Extracts on Rhizopus stolonifer, Causal Organism of Irish Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Tuber Rot

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 774-779
Author(s):  
Chuku, E.C ◽  
Njoku, A.A ◽  
Nmom, F.W
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Irish Potato ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Significant Difference

Research study was carried out to assess the biocidal effect of aqueous extracts of Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Citrus limon peel and synthetic fungicide Mancozeb against Rhizopus stolonifer using the poisoned food technique on PDA. Various concentrations (50, 75, and 100%) of extracts from the rhizomes of C. longa, Z. officinale, the peel of C. limon and Mancozeb (0.002%) significantly inhibited the mycelia growth of R. stolonifer after 3 days. Effects of the synthetic fungicide (Mancozeb) comparative to the plant extracts were also determined. Although the extracts showed varying degrees of antifungal efficacy, 100% concentration of Z. officinale (58.96%) proved to be more potent against R. stolonifer than the other plant extracts but was lower and significantly different when compared with Mancozeb (73.31%) at (P≤0.05) after 3 days. Extracts of C. longa and C. limon peel showed a lower inhibition level ranging from 45.01% to 56.98% and 9.57% to 18.73% respectively and were significantly different when compared with Mancozeb at (P≤0.05). Inhibition of fungal growth increased with a corresponding increase in extract concentration and days. The plant leaf extracts effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of pathogen in vitro after 3 days. In vivo study was carried out using spore suspensions of R. stolonifer. Fresh, healthy and surface sterilized Irish potato tubers were inoculated with 6.4 x 104 spores/ml and treated with aqueous extracts of C. longa, Z. officinale and C. limon peel after 24 hours. The result showed that all plant extracts had significant effect on disease severity in tubers inoculated with R. stolonifer. However, 100% concentration of Z. officinale gave the best rot reduction caused by R. stolonifer with severity score of 0.33 but it was not significantly different at (p<0.05) from mancozeb which had a severity score of 0.67. However, they were significantly different at (p<0.05) from the inoculated control (3.33). There were variations in weight loss but no significant difference was observed among the various treatment methods adopted.

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