scholarly journals Catalyzed-Mea conversion of Agro-biomass to paper-pulp: Influence of pulping additives and synergy effect on pulp screened yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-400
Author(s):  
Henry Okwudili Chibudike ◽  
Nwaebuni Ebube Odega ◽  
Eunice Chinedum Chibudike ◽  
Olubamike Adetutu Adeyoju ◽  
Nkemdilim Ifeanyi Obi
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Synergy Effect ◽  
Cooking Temperature ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Biomass Ratio ◽  
Experimental Runs

In this research work, the effect of three (3) pulping additives such as polysulfide, Anthraquinone and surfactant used in the monoethanolamine (MEA) pulping of agro-biomass, their possible interactions and synergy effect on pulp screened yield were investigated. The pulping conditions of the digester were adjusted so that the experimental design considered the following factors and levels: 75% MEA charge, 150oC cooking temperature, 90minutes cooking time, 4 to 1Liquor- Biomass ratio. Factor 1: 0, 0.25 and 0.5% Surfactant charge, Factor 2: 0, 2.0 and 4.0% polysulfide charge, Factor 3: 0, 0.25 and 0.5% anthraquinone charge. The Agro-biomass was evaluated in terms of pulp screened yield. Heating time ranged from 5 to 45minutes and maximum cooking time did not exceed 90minutes, liquor biomass ratio was 4 to 1 and Liquor charge was 75% MEA. The yield for MEA with 4% Polysulfide (PS) dosage without the inclusion of Surfactant and Anthraquinone was highest (59.08%) in all the twenty seven (27) experimental runs, but furnished the highest reject (12.26%) and an unimpressive screened yield of 46.82% standing amongst the least possible outcomes. The yield for MEA with 0.25% Anthraquinone (AQ) dosage without the inclusion of Surfactant and Polysulfide furnished a total yield of 50.32%, pulp screened yield of 50.03% with a minimal reject of 0.29 showing to be more efficient than the use of polysulfide. Monoethanolamine (MEA) pulping with 0.5% surfactant (Surf.) dosage without the inclusion of other additives i.e. AQ and PS achieved 51.12% total screened yield with a reject of only 0.33% furnishing the highest pulp screened yield (50.79%) thereby showing more efficiency amongst the three (3) pulping additives investigated in this research study base on single use. However, the result obtained from the combination of the three (3) pulping additives furnished the highest screened yield (52.43) with 4.23% reject in scenario E, experiment No. 15, involving the combination of 0.25% surfactant, 0.25% anthraquinone and 4% polysulfide charge showing the best synergistic effect. Although the highest screened yield (53.04% and the least reject (0.13%) indicating the best possible outcome amongst the entire twenty seven (27) experimental runs came from the combination of 0.25% surfactant and 2% polysulfide charge. If we have to consider the use of surfactant and polysulfide alone, the best possible outcome came from the combination of 0.25% surfactant and 2% polysulfide charge in experiment 20 of scenario G. Analyses of the overall experimental results show that there is considerable advantage and a positive synergy effect in the use of additives in pulping operation.

scholarly journals AN EXPLORATORY RESEARCH STUDY OF MARKETING STRATEGIES OF IDBI FEDERAL INSURANCE CO. LTD

2021 ◽  
pp. 478-483
Author(s):  
Himanshi Goyal ◽  
Dr. Navneet Joshi ◽  
Sanjive Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Insurance Cover

This paper is covers the exploratory research study on the marketing strategies of IDBI Federal Insurance, Company. In the Indian context, Insurance companies are playing a major role in the development of Indian economy. With the entry of many private players in the insurance industry, the competition has risen manifold and hence insurance companies are coming out with innovative marketing strategies to woo the customer. This was the reason for narrowing down the scope of the research work. The present paper is an exploratory research study on the marketing strategy of IDBI Federal Insurance Company. The paper seeks to address the following objectives (a) To determine the marketing strategies of IDBI Federal Life Insurance Co. Ltd (b) To determine the means and mechanism deployed by IDBI Federal Life Insurance Co. Ltd. Applying the marketing mix and to determine the effectiveness of the strategy and (c) to understand the reasons which provide competitive advantage to IDBI Federal Life Insurance Co. Ltd. The paper is developed on the basis of elementary primary and secondary data available in the Internet and other documents and journals. The design of the paper follows a structured approach. The literature review resulted in the generation of the research objectives. The primary data was collected by means of Google Forms and MS Excel was used for data analysis. Descriptive Statistics is used to arrive at the findings and interpretation. The findings indicate that the majority of the people seek insurance cover for the purpose of having risk cover and availing several benefits associated with the life insurance policies. Further, the findings indicate that there is a need to capitalize social media platform for generating awareness to drive the market growth. KEY WORDS: IDBI, Insurance, Marketing, Policies, Strategies

The country context in Triple-A supply chains: an advanced PLS–SEM research study in emerging vs developed countries

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
José A.D. Machuca ◽  
Juan A. Marin-Garcia ◽  
Rafaela Alfalla-Luque
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Synergy Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Potential Synergy

PurposeThis paper analyzes whether the Triple-A supply chain (SC)–competitive advantage (CA) relationship is influenced by the country context and considers the case of emerging vs developed countries. Any differences in the importance of the three Triple-A SC dimensions (agility, adaptability and alignment) and a potential synergy effect among them when pursuing CA are also analyzed.Design/methodology/approachPartial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) method is applied to an international multiple informant sample of 304 manufacturing plants in nine developed and five emerging countries.FindingsA significant positive relationship is found between the Triple-A SC and CA in the full sample and in the two separate samples of emerging and developed countries, which is more intense in the emerging countries. For the same samples, it is also concluded that (1) there are no significant differences in the importance of SC adaptability (SC-Ad), SC agility (SC-Ag) and SC alignment (SC-Al) as levers in the Triple-A SC–CA relationship and (2) a synergy effect among the Triple-A SC dimensions when pursuing CA is not supported.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study brings new evidence to the previous research on Triple-A SC and its relationship with CA in different country contexts. For managers, this work (1) shows that Triple A should be considered in the design of global SCs irrespective of the country context and (2) offers a first approach for determining the Triple-A SC levers that must be taken into consideration when pursuing a CA.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to Triple-A SC theory development. It is the first research study that analyzes the effect of the country context on the Triple-A SC–CA relationship and the importance of each of the Triple-A SC dimensions and their possible synergy effect when pursuing CA using a multiinformant international sample taken from different country contexts.

MEA/water/AQ-pulping of wheat straw

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahab Hedjazi ◽  
Othar Kordsachia ◽  
Rudolf Patt ◽  
Andreas Kreipl
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Chemical Recovery ◽  
Oxygen Delignification ◽  
Cooking Temperature ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
High Yields

Abstract Annual plant pulping is faced with serious challenges. Traditional pulping processes with bleaching in chlorine based sequences and without appropriate chemical recovery system cannot be tolerated anymore. Alternative pulping processes with non-conventional chemicals, such as organic solvents, e.g., monoethanolamine (MEA), might be suited for an environmentally sound process with a closed mill system. Thus, pulping of wheat straw with MEA as the main delignifying agent was investigated in comparison to soda and soda/AQ pulps as references. The main focus was placed on reduction of the cooking temperature in order to avoid heat-induced MEA degradation. The temperature was reduced stepwise from 165°C to 130°C. At 150°C, a sufficient delignification was achieved. MEA was partly substituted by water and the resulting decrease of the delignification rate could be compensated by addition of anthraquinone (AQ). After optimization of the process, a pulp with a kappa number of 17 was obtained at a total yield of 56% based on o.d. straw. This pulp was selected for bleaching. Both, O/Q/OP/DQ/P (“ECF light”) and O/Q/OP/ZQ/P (TCFZ) bleaching were applied. NaOH was substituted by MEA as alkali source in the oxygen delignification stage. Up to 50% delignification rate was achieved under these moderate conditions. In the ECF light bleaching sequence, a brightness of 80% ISO was reached at a kappa number level below 3. In TCFZ bleaching, an even somewhat higher brightness was achieved at a kappa number level below 1. A yield of fully bleached screened pulp of around 50% (based on o.d. straw) was obtained. The strength properties of the MEA pulp were improved after bleaching. ECF bleaching resulted in slightly better pulp strengths than the TCFZ alternative. MEA forms in combination with water and AQ a very selective pulping system providing effective delignification and maintaining extremely high yields. MEA/water/AQ pulping should be regarded as a serious, environmentally friendly alternative to soda or soda/AQ pulping to produce high-quality pulp from wheat straw.

The evaluation of the rate of major depression in those who use norplant at shiraz Hafez hospital

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 641-641
Author(s):  
S.H. Kavari
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Minor Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Family Planning Clinic ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

IntroductionDepression is a serious condition that can impact every area of your life. Female depression and even the pattern of symptoms are often different.AimsThe aim of this research study is to investigate the rate of server depression in those who use propellant. In order to achieve this objective, 260 patients volunteered to participate in this investigation and they were referred to the family planning clinic at Hafez hospital, and were planted capsule of Norplant.MethodsIn order to further fulfill selection process of patients suitable for this project, 200 of the most suitable candidates who suffered from even minor depression but had no history of congenital and familial major depression were selected and considered fit for this research work.ResultsThe results drawn from this investigative study can be summarized as follows;1-The relationships between progesterone in anti pregnancy compound tablets, major depression and anxiety were recognized from many years ago. Norplant which is progestin itself can also be regarded as the cause of these conditions.2-This investigation concluded that, among those patients studied, only 0.5% started having major depression as a result of the plantation. Therefore, Norplant was removed from their body.ConclusionsA good consultation, awareness, correct guidance and efficient method of educating people before using Norplant, seeking prompt referral advice and future follow ups, will result in an effective way of preventing, diagnosis and treatment of these side effect conditions.

Muddling Through the Passage of Qualitative Research: Experiences of a Novice Researcher

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Proposal ◽  
Independent Research ◽  
Research Experiences

The article is written as a travelogue by the author while exploring the passage of qualitative research in her maiden independent research work—her dissertation. The author describes in the article how her journey of qualitative research took shape right from the take-off point: the choice of topic and methodology to the data collection, analysis and presentation of the findings. The article also throws light on the various experiences of the researcher during the journey including the issues and challenges faced by her in different stages of the study like the research proposal stage, data collection stage and the data analysis stage. The objective of the article is to familiarize the qualitative researchers, who are currently at the beginner stage, with the possible issues and pitfalls of qualitative research process. For that the author has used her own experiences to explain the nuances of the process. In the article, the author also highlights that irrespective of the challenges faced in the process how the research study helped her in developing herself as a better researcher and a wiser person, making her efforts fruitful and providing her a sense of achievement.

scholarly journals Photovoltaic and Thermal Hybridized Solar Cooker

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita B. Joshi ◽  
A. R. Jani
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Photovoltaic Effect ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
User Friendly

The objective of the present research work is to design user friendly solar cooker which can be commercialized too. This cooker is designed, developed, and tested in our laboratory. The basic principle is to incorporate heating into material by photovoltaic effect and thermal treatment. Different temperatures inside the solar cooker were measured and profile of solar cooker was studied for several days during April, May, and June 2012. It is observed that the designed cooker needs the boosting of only 30 watt power which is generated by a small solar panel connected with it. Heater connected with it can be powered by a solar panel of 75 watt. This boosting can reduce the cooking time. Different recipes were prepared to test its actual performance.

scholarly journals Role, Status and Perception of Female Education Regarding Socio-Economic Development

2020 ◽  
Vol V (I) ◽  
pp. 551-561
Author(s):  
Waqar Un Nisa Faizi ◽  
Wilayat Bibi ◽  
Syed Shafqat Ali Shah
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
Female Education ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Socio Economic Development

This research work is to explore the role, status and perception of female education with respect to a budgetary change in District Peshawar. Education changes people leadership and makes them live with flexibility. The objectives were (i) To find the perception of female education regarding socio economic status (ii) to know the role of women as mother, wife and daughter, is to be assessed. The research study was restricted to Peshawar. For the administration of the study tool, a random sampling technique was used. A simple random sample, of 240 participants, of Peshawar District was chosen randomly. The main findings of the study included: (1) Somewhere between 5,001 and 10,000 Rs, wages of a mind sweeping number of respondents were consistent. In all cases, most respondents earned different settlement wells to Rs.5000; (2) the mostly respondents ensured criticality for the female as the directorate deals with budgetary problems and personality

scholarly journals Optimizing Uniaxial Oil Extraction of Bulk Rapeseeds; Spectrophotometric and Chemical Analyses of the Extracted Oil under Pretreatment Temperatures and Heating Intervals

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1755
Author(s):  
Cimen Demirel ◽  
Abraham Kabutey ◽  
David Herák ◽  
Petr Hrabě ◽  
Čestmír Mizera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Deformation Energy ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Optimization Parameters ◽  
Response Surface Regression ◽  
Processing Optimization ◽  
Experimental Runs

Optimizing the operating factors in edible oil extraction requires a statistical technique such as a response surface methodology for evaluating their effects on the responses. The examined input factors in this study were the diameter of pressing vessel, VD (60, 80, and 100 mm), temperature, TPR (40, 60, and 80 °C), and heating time, HTM (30, 60 and 90 min). The combination of these factors generated 17 experimental runs where the mass of oil, oil yield, oil extraction efficiency, and deformation energy were calculated. Based on the response surface regression analysis, the combination of the optimized factors was VD: 100 (+1) mm; TPR: 80 °C (+1) and HTM: 60 (0) min); VD: 60 (−1) mm; TPR: 80 °C (+1) and HTM: 75 (+0.5) min and VD: 100 (+1) mm; TPR: 80 °C (+1) and HTM: 90 (+1). The absorbance and transmittance values significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with the wavelength and temperature, but they did not correlate significantly (p > 0.05) with heating time. The peroxide value did not correlate significantly with temperature, however, it correlated significantly with heating time. Neither the acid value nor the free fatty acid value correlated with both temperature and heating time. The findings of the present study are part of our continuing research on oilseeds’ processing optimization parameters.

scholarly journals Integrated pest management of fall armyworm infestations in maize fields in Nepal: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-591
Author(s):  
Sushil Khatri ◽  
Prakash Pakuwal ◽  
Saugat Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The People

Spodoptera frugiperda, commonly known as Fall Armyworm (FAW), is amongst the most terrifying pests of maize in Latin America, which unexpectedly appeared in Nepal in 2019 and spread expeditiously. Estimates of maize crop losses due to this pest are vital in order to compare the effect of these losses with the convenient of controlling FAW and suggest pertinent controlling technology and methods. Nepal is predominantly an agrarian nation thus, maize is grown substantially. However, climatic conditions of Nepal favor the outbreaks of pests such as FAW in many maize grown areas. On the grounds that most of the people of hill and mountainous regions depend on maize for their staple food, pests have appeared to be a great threat to cereal production. It causes   considerable   injuries   to   maize   by   feeding   on   leaf whorls, ears and tassel which often leads to total yield loss.  Yet, agriculture is an economic activity, even among subsistence farmers in Nepal. Seeing high potential losses caused by FAW, different control methods have been proposed. This pest demands meticulous and stepwise plan for its management. This review emphasized on adoption of IPM methods of pests’ control, which is the integration of biological, cultural, physical, chemical, and technological approaches. Meanwhile, early warning systems, though poorly developed in Nepal, can be highlighted for further studies and for further research work.

scholarly journals Light Weight CNN based Robust Image Watermarking Scheme for Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-132
Author(s):  
Dhaya R.
Keyword(s):  
Digital Watermarking ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Calculation Time ◽  
Geometric Type ◽  
Robust Image ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
Watermarking Scheme

In recent years, digital watermarking has improved the accuracy and resistance of watermarked images against many assaults, such as various noises and random dosage characteristics. Because, based on the most recent assault, all existing watermarking research techniques have an acceptable level of resistance. The deep learning approach is one of the most remarkable methods for guaranteeing maximal resistance in the watermarking system's digital image processing. In the digital watermarking technique, a smaller amount of calculation time with high robustness has recently become a difficult challenge. In this research study, the light weight convolution neural network (LW-CNN) technique is introduced and implemented for the digital watermarking scheme, which has more resilience than any other standard approaches. Because of the LW-CNN framework's feature selection, the calculation time has been reduced. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the robustness of two distinct assaults, collusion and geometric type. This research work has reduced the calculation time and made the system more resistant to current assaults.

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