scholarly journals Cancer attrition immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 626-631
Author(s):  
Michael John Dochniak
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Natural Defense ◽  
Deadly Disease ◽  
Defense Research

Cancer is a deadly disease wherein the immune system is inefficient, resulting in malignant tumors that metastasize. An active and robust immune system is the body’s natural defense. Research efforts continue exploring alternative immunotherapies to fight cancer. This communication proposes non-infectious vaccines and hyper-allergenic skin creams to starve malignant tumors through immune metabolic interference.

scholarly journals Rheumatic Immune-Related Adverse Events—A Consequence of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Anca Bobircă ◽  
Florin Bobircă ◽  
Ioan Ancuta ◽  
Alesandra Florescu ◽  
Vlad Pădureanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy

The advent of immunotherapy has changed the management and therapeutic methods for a variety of malignant tumors in the last decade. Unlike traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy, which works by interfering with cancer cell growth via various pathways and stages of the cell cycle, cancer immunotherapy uses the immune system to reduce malignant cells’ ability to escape the immune system and combat cell proliferation. The widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) over the past 10 years has presented valuable information on the profiles of toxic adverse effects. The attenuation of T-lymphocyte inhibitory mechanisms by ICIs results in immune system hyperactivation, which, as expected, is associated with various adverse events defined by inflammation. These adverse events, known as immune-related adverse events (ir-AEs), may affect any type of tissue throughout the human body, which includes the digestive tract, endocrine glands, liver and skin, with reports of cardiovascular, pulmonary and rheumatic ir-AEs as well. The adverse events that arise from ICI therapy are both novel and unique compared to those of the conventional treatment options. Thus, they require a multidisciplinary approach and continuous updates on the diagnostic approach and management.

scholarly journals “Cracking the Immune Fingerprint of Metal-Organic Frameworks”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania HIDALGO ◽  
Rosana Simón-Vázquez ◽  
africa González-Fernández ◽  
Patricia Horcajada
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Defense ◽  
Chess Game ◽  
Metal Organic

Human body is continuously in a never-ending chess game against pathogens. When the immune system, our natural defense tool, is weakened, these organisms are able to escape, collapsing the body...

A practical approach to the management of colorectal cancer during the COVID-19 crisis in the reference cancer treatment center in Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1931-1933
Author(s):  
Feriel Letaief ◽  
Imen Gharbi ◽  
Adel Hamdi ◽  
Yosra Yahyaoui ◽  
Mona Ayadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Multidisciplinary Care ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
International Phenomenon

COVID-19 is an exceptional public healthcare emergency that affected all countries. The corona virus pandemic has made the treatment of all cancers difficult. This international phenomenon represents an outbreak in medicine and this situation is a major issue for all patients, whether they are infected with the virus or not. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract which needs special multidisciplinary care. Treatment modalities including chemotherapy and targeted therapies can weaken the immune system and then cause serious or lethal coronavirus infections. This document gives an idea about how we dealt to protect patients with colorectal cancer at Salah Azaiez Institute during COVID 19 pandemic.

scholarly journals RESPON IMUN HOSPES TERHADAP INFEKSI Vibrio cholerae

Biocelebes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Musjaya, M Guli
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Natural Defense ◽  
A Site

The immune sistem is a way of the body’s defense sistem to save the host from the invasion of outside pathogen. Based on how respon to disease, that differentiated into two immune system are innate and adaptive system. Because it an cant throgh the stomach, these pathogenic bacteria go to the small intestin as a site infection. In the intestine, V. cholerae bactesia adhere and colonize and invasion to intestinal epihelial cells. Protection mechanism  to V. cholerae are the natural defense presence of tick mucosa on the surface of epithelial cells can  inhibit pathogene to adhere tointestinal epithelial cells. One anothet defense namely innate immune system did by phagocytic cells to attac pathogen agent and adaptive immune system involves IgA to opsonization so that can increase intestinal mucosal immune system

scholarly journals Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Related Thyroid Dysfunction: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Possible Pathogenesis, and Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhan ◽  
Hong-fang Feng ◽  
Han-qing Liu ◽  
Lian-tao Guo ◽  
Chuang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Killing Effect ◽  
Cell Death Gene

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a group of drugs employed in the treatment of various types of malignant tumors and improve the therapeutic effect. ICIs blocks negative co-stimulatory molecules, such as programmed cell death gene-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), reactivating the recognition and killing effect of the immune system on tumors. However, the reactivation of the immune system can also lead to the death of normal organs, tissues, and cells, eventually leading to immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). IRAEs involve various organs and tissues and also cause thyroid dysfunction. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, possible pathogenesis, and management of ICIs-related thyroid dysfunction.

scholarly journals Insights Into the Prognostic Value and Immunological Role of NAAA in Pan-Cancer

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Huang ◽  
Jiayu Shen ◽  
Lingyun Zhai ◽  
Huanhuan Chen ◽  
Jing Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Tumor Immunity ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas

N-Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase (NAAA) is an N-terminal cysteine hydrolase and plays a vital physiological role in inflammatory response. However, the roles of NAAA in tumor immunity are still unclear. By using a series of bioinformatics approaches, we study combined data from different databases, including the Cancer Genome Atlas, the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, Genotype Tissue-Expression, cBioPortal, Human Protein Atlas, TIMER, and ImmuCellAI to investigate the role of NAAA expression in prognosis and tumor immunity response. We would like to reveal the potential correlations between NAAA expression and gene alterations, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), DNA methylation, tumor microenvironment (TME), immune infiltration levels, and various immune-related genes across different cancers. The results show that NAAA displayed abnormal expression within most malignant tumors, and overexpression of NAAA was associated with the poor prognosis of tumor patients. Through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we found that NAAA was significantly associated with cell cycle and immune regulation-related signaling pathways, such as in innate immune system, adaptive immune system, neutrophil degranulation, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways (TLRs). Further, the expression of NAAA was also confirmed to be correlated with tumor microenvironment and diverse infiltration of immune cells, especially tumor-associated macrophage (TAM). In addition to this, we found that NAAA is co-expressed with genes encoding major histocompatibility complex (MHC), immune activation, immune suppression, chemokine, and chemokine receptors. Meanwhile, we demonstrate that NAAA expression was correlated with TMB in 4 cancers and with MSI in 10 cancers. Our study reveals that NAAA plays an important role in tumorigenesis and cancer immunity, which may be used to function as a prognostic biomarker and potential target for cancer immunotherapy.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota influence tumor development and Alter interactions with the human immune system

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanshan Ge ◽  
Xinhui Wang ◽  
Yali Guo ◽  
Junting Yan ◽  
Aliya Abuduwaili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Human Immune System

AbstractRecent scientific advances have greatly enhanced our understanding of the complex link between the gut microbiome and cancer. Gut dysbiosis is an imbalance between commensal and pathogenic bacteria and the production of microbial antigens and metabolites. The immune system and the gut microbiome interact to maintain homeostasis of the gut, and alterations in the microbiome composition lead to immune dysregulation, promoting chronic inflammation and development of tumors. Gut microorganisms and their toxic metabolites may migrate to other parts of the body via the circulatory system, causing an imbalance in the physiological status of the host and secretion of various neuroactive molecules through the gut-brain axis, gut-hepatic axis, and gut-lung axis to affect inflammation and tumorigenesis in specific organs. Thus, gut microbiota can be used as a tumor marker and may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of malignant tumors.

scholarly journals Thiolane-type sulfides from garlic, onion, and Welsh onion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Nohara ◽  
Yukio Fujiwara ◽  
Mona El-Aasr ◽  
Tsuyoshi Ikeda ◽  
Masateru Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Welsh Onion ◽  
Isomeric Structure ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
System Activation ◽  
Acetone Extracts ◽  
Made In

AbstractIn this paper, we review our work in the last 10 years wherein we examined the sulfides in the acetone extracts of garlic (Allium sativum), onion (A. cepa), and Welsh onion (A. fistulosum), obtained and characterized the structures of new sulfides, three 3,4-dimethylthiolane-type sulfides from onion and Welsh onion, respectively, and four acyclic-type, nine 3,4-dimethyl- thiolane-type, four 2-methylthiolane (and thiane)-type, two 1,2-dithiolane-type, and two 2-oxothiolane-type sulfides, together with (E)-ajoene and one kujounin-type sulfide from garlic. During this process, structural corrections were made in onionin A group, garlicnin A, and garlicnin B group in some 3,4-dimethylthiolane-type sulfides. Next, hypothetical pathways for the production of the aforementioned sulfides were proposed. Furthermore, it was revealed that a typical 3,4-dimethylthiolane-type sulfide, onionin A1 obtained from onion, having the isomeric structure of garlicnin B1 obtained from garlic, decreased tumor proliferation and controlled tumor metastasis. These results showed that onionin A1 is an effective agent for controlling tumors, and that the antitumor effects observed in vivo are likely caused by reversing the antitumor immune system. Activation of the antitumor immune system by onionin A1 might be an effective adjuvant therapy for patients with osteosarcoma, ovarian cancer and other malignant tumors.

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