scholarly journals ANALISIS KADAR KLORIN PADA TEH CELUP BERDASARKAN WAKTU SEDUHAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
S Wansi ◽  
Syahran Wael
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Study Test ◽  
Chlorine Bleach ◽  
Water Substance

Background: Tea is the most widely consumed beverages by all levels of society because in addition to economical, tea is also thought to provide health benefits. Compounds that contribute to the health of the body such as tannins, catechins, flavanols and cafein. Along with its development era community prefers tea bag as it is easy and practical use. Without realizing it, the longer the brewed tea bag in the water substance called chlorine bleach paper contained in tea bags rather the bag of tea bags will also be dissolved.   Method: This research includes the study of laboratory experiments. Object in this study is 4 (four) brand of tea bag and then examined in a Laboratory Ambon Pattimura University Biology Education using thiosulfate titration methode. Result: Anova and Tukey test results indicate that there are differences in the levels of chlorine-based treatment duration and type of tea steeping. The study test showed was obtained at the highest levels of chlorine treatment A1P4 (0,413 ppm) and A4P1 treatment resulted in the lowest levels of chlorine (0,058 ppm). Conclusion: There are differences in the levels of chlorine in various brands of tea bag is Sariwangi tea, sosro tea, poci tea and tong tji tea for time 2 minutes, 4 minutes, 6 minutes and 8 minutes.

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR IPA SMP PADA TEMA ENERGI DALAM TUBUH MENGGUNAKAN METODE 4STMD

EDUSAINS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
Gia Juniar Nur Wahidah ◽  
Sjaeful Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Concept Maps ◽  
The Body ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Selection Step ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This research aims to produce science teaching materials in junior level with Energy in The Body as the theme using Four Steps Teaching Material Development  (4STMD). The material is presented in an integrated way so that students can  think holistically and contextually. The method used in this study is Research and Development. In this R&D methods is used 4STMD. There are four steps done on the development of teaching materials, the selection step, structuring step, characterization, and didactic reduction. Selection step includes the selection of indicators in accordance with the demands of the curriculum which is then developed with the selection of concepts and values that are integrated with the concept of science. Structuring step includes make macro structures, concept maps, and multiple representations. Characterization's step includes preparation instruments, then  trial to students to identify difficult concepts. The last, didactic reduction was done by neglect and the annotations in the form of sketches.The test results readability aspect instructional materials lead to the conclusion that by determining the main idea, the legibility of teaching materials reached 67%, with moderate readability criteria. Test results of feasibility aspects based on the results of questionnaires to the 11 teachers lead to the conclusion that the overall, level of eligibility teaching materials reached 91% with the eligibility criteria well. Keywords: teaching materials; energy; 4STMD Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar IPA SMP pada tema Energi dalam Tubuh menggunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Materi disajikan secara terpadu sehingga memacu siswa untuk berpikir secara holistik dan kontekstual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan. Dalam penelitian dan pengembangan yang ini, digunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Terdapat empat tahap yang dilakukan pada pengembangan bahan ajar, yakni tahap seleksi, strukturisasi, karakterisasi, dan reduksi didaktik. Tahap seleksi meliputi pemilihan indikator yang sesuai dengan tuntutan kurikulum yang kemudian dikembangkan dengan pemilihan konsep dan nilai yang diintegrasikan dengan konsep IPA. Tahap strukturisasi meliputi pembuatan struktur makro, peta konsep, dan multipel representasi dari materi. Tahap karakterisasi meliputi penyusunan instrumen karakterisasi, kemudian uji coba kepada siswa untuk mengidentifikasi konsep sulit. Tahap terakhir, yaitu reduksi didaktik konsep terhadap konsep sulit. Reduksi didaktik yang dilakukan berupa pengabaian dan penggunaan penjelasan berupa sketsa. Hasil uji aspek keterbacaan bahan ajar menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa berdasarkan penentuan ide pokok, keterbacaan bahan ajar mencapai 67%, dengan kriteria keterbacaan tinggi. Hasil uji aspek kelayakan berdasarkan hasil angket terhadap 11 orang guru menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa secara keseluruhan tingkat kelayakan bahan ajar mencapai 91% dengan kriteria kelayakan baik sekali. Kata Kunci: bahan ajar; energi; 4STMD  Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/es.v8i2.2039  

Anthocyanins: Chemical Properties and Health Benefits: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siraj Salman Mohammad ◽  
Renata Oliveira Santos ◽  
Maria Ivone Barbosa ◽  
José Lucena Barbosa Junior
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Food Processes ◽  
Shed Light

: Anthocyanins are widely spread in different kinds of food, especially fruits and floral tissues, there is an extensive range of anthocyanin compounds reach more than 600 exist in nature. Anthocyanins can be used as antioxidants and raw material for several applications in food and pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, a plenty of studies about anthocyanins sources and extraction methods were reported. Furthermore, many studies about their stability, bioactive and therapeutic properties have been done. According to the body of work, we firstly worked to shed light on anthocyanin properties including chemical, antioxidant and extraction properties. Secondly, we reported the applications and health benefits of anthocyanin including the applications in food processes and anthocyanin characteristics as therapeutic and prophylactic compounds. We reviewed anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-fatness, oxidative Stress and lipid decreasing and vasoprotective effects of anthocyanins. In conclusion, because the importance of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds the research is still continuing to find new anthocyanins from natural sources and invest them as raw materials in the pharmaceutical and nutrition applications.

scholarly journals Involvement of Probiotics and Postbiotics in the Immune System Modulation

Biologics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-110
Author(s):  
Neslihan Yeşilyurt ◽  
Birsen Yılmaz ◽  
Duygu Ağagündüz ◽  
Raffaele Capasso
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Immune System Modulation ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Intestinal microbiota interacts with other systems, especially the immune system, which is responsible for protecting the body by recognizing “stranger” (pathogen associated molecular patterns-PAMPs) and “danger” (damage-associated molecular patterns-DAMPs) molecular motifs. In this manner, it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases and health. Despite the use of probiotics that modulate the intestinal microbiota in providing health benefits and in the treatment of diseases, there are some possible concerns about the possibility of developing adverse effects, especially in people with suppressed immune systems. Since probiotics provide health benefits with bioactive compounds, studies are carried out on the use of products containing non-living probiotic microorganisms (paraprobiotics) and/or their metabolites (postbiotics) instead of probiotic products. It is even reported that these microbial compounds have more immunomodulatory activities than living microorganisms via some possible mechanism and eliminates some disadvantages of probiotics. Considering the increasing use of functional foods in health and disease, further studies are needed with respect to the benefits and advantages of parabiotic and/or postbiotic use in the food and pharmaceutical industry as well as immune system modulation. Although probiotics have been extensive studied for a long time, it seems that postbiotics are promising tools for future research and applications according to the recent literature. This review aimed to evaluate the interaction of probiotics and postbiotics with the immune systems and also their advantages and disadvantages in the area of food-pharmaceutical industry and immune system modulation.

High Frequency Vibration Analysis of Automotive Body Panels with Damping Materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 293-296
Author(s):  
Yoshio Kurosawa ◽  
Takao Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Viscoelastic Damping ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Automotive Body ◽  
Modal Damping ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Damping Materials

We have developed a technique for estimating vibrations of an automotive body structures with viscoelastic damping materials using large-scale finite element (FE) model, which will enable us to grasp and to reduce high-frequency road noise（200～500Hz）. In the new technique, first order solutions for modal loss factors are derived applying asymptotic method. This method saves calculation time to estimate modal damping as a practical tool in the design stages of the body structures. Frequency responses were calculated using this technique and the results almost agreed with the test results. This technique can show the effect of the viscoelastic damping materials on the automotive body panels, and it enables the more efficient layout of the viscoelastic damping materials. Further, we clarified damping properties of the automotive body structures under coupled vibration between frames and panels with the viscoelastic damping materials.

scholarly journals Differences in anthropometric characteristics between young soccer players (U19) members of the best soccer clubs in Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
J. Gardasevic ◽  
D. Bjelica ◽  
I. Vasiljevic
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
The Body ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Post Hoc

Background and Study Aim: The aim of this research was to determine the differences between the young soccer players (U19) in terms of anthropometric characteristics and body composition. We considered players of three the most successful clubs in three countries of the southern region of the Balkan Peninsula. Material and Methods: The first sub-sample of the subjects was consisted of 17 players of OFC Titograd from Montenegro of the average age 17.12±.69. The second sub-sample was consisted of 14 players of FC Siroki Brijeg from Bosnia and Herzegovina of the average age of 18.14±.86. The last sub-sample of the examinees was consisted of 15 players of FC Feronikeli from Kosovo of the average age 18.07±.46. Anthropometric characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables. The significance of the differences between the young soccer players in the anthropometric characteristics and variables for assessing body composition were determined by ANOVA and LSD Post Hoc test. Results: The young soccer players of the three mentioned clubs have statistically significant differences by the two variables that estimate the upper leg skinfold and fat percentage. The young soccer players of OFC Titograd are significantly better in variable upper leg skinfold than other players. The young soccer players of FC Feronikeli are significantly better in variable fat percentage than players of OFC Titograd. Conclusions: The results can be useful for coaches of other clubs for making a comparison of their soccer players with the young soccer players in this research.

scholarly journals PO-288 Research on Norm Construction and Evaluating Levels of 20-m Running in Preschool Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuikun Li ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Qiongjia Yuan ◽  
Zheng Zhao ◽  
Lan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Fitness Evaluation ◽  
Percentile Method ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective The study tested young children's 20-m running in Chengdu, analyzed of the characteristics of change in age and gender, to construct the norm and evaluation system of the 20-m running of young children and provide the basis for assessing children's sports ability and physical fitness. The results can used as one of the children's physical fitness evaluation content. Methods The stratified random sampling method was used to select kindergarten children in from 25 kindergartens in a district of Chengdu, and totally, 3089 children of 3-6 years old were tested．The best scores by two trials were used as the 20-m running performance. Results With the growth of the age, young children's 20 m running is gradually increased. There are significant differences in the mean values of boys and girls aged 3, 4, 5 and 6 (F = 228.696, F = 366.477, P < 0.01). Compared with boys and girls of the same age group, boys are superior to girls, and there is no significant difference between boys and girls aged 6 (F = 0.879, P > 0.05). The differences in other groups were statistically significant (F=0.138, F=0.204, F=0.133, P < 0.01). The percentile 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 values of the 20 m running of young children were recorded, respectively, and according to the statistical percentile method to divide the evaluation grade standards, the test results of the 10th, 25th, 75th and 90th percentage site test results were selected to develop the five-level rating system of children's 20 m running. Conclusions  With the growth of the age, young children's 20 m running is gradually increased, and there are significant differences between groups. It is suggested that the flexibility of nervous processes, the coordination of the body, the flexibility of joints and muscles, and the strength and endurance of muscles are gradually enhanced in children. Constructed the norm and five-grade evaluation system of preschool children's 20 m running, and provided the basis for formulating the grade standard of preschool children's physique evaluation in the future.

Toxicity of SWCNT Synthesized from Fermented Tapioca on SH-SY5Y Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 1109 ◽  
pp. 370-375
Author(s):  
I. Nurulhuda ◽  
R. Poh ◽  
Mat Zain Mazatulikhma ◽  
Mohammad Rusop
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Engineering Physics ◽  
The Brain

The unique physical properties and strength of carbon nanotube (CNT) lend to its wide application in many fields as diverse engineering, physics and biomedicine. Biomedicine, the toxicity of CNTs was cause for concern on the application as a delivery tool for therapeutic proteins, peptides and genes in the treatment of cancer and neurodegeneration. CNTs were reported to exert adverse effects on normal neuronal function, probably due accumulation in the brain, leading to brain damage. Thus, toxicity tests of CNTs on cells would be relevant in determining potential side effects and dosage. This study was set out to evaluate the toxicity of SWCNTs derived from fermented tapioca on SH-SY5Y cells. Fermented tapioca, was a well known Malaysian local food, and was an excellent precursor for SWCNT synthesis. The raw synthesized SWCNTs were directly used to study the effect on SH-SY5Y cells. Cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity test were performed. The neurotoxicity test results showed higher cell viability compared to the cytotoxicity test. Cell viability for neurotoxicity test was above 50 % for CNT concentration ranges of 250 μg/ml and below. However cell viability decreased markedly at 500 μg/ml. The percentage of cell viability was high at 50 μg/ml and below for the first 24 h of treatment but longer treatment duration resulted in significant decrease in cell viability for all concentrations above 10 μg/ml. These findings demonstrated that CNTs were safe when used at concentration less than 10 μg/ml.

Eco-Physiological Studies of an Intertidal Crustacean, Pollicipes Polymerus (Cirripedia, Lepadomorpha)

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-102
Author(s):  
H. J. FYHN ◽  
J. A. PETERSEN ◽  
K. JOHANSEN
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Volume Regulation ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Pollicipes Polymerus

1. Physiological responses to environmental stresses of the intertidal cirriped Pollicipes polymerus have been studied by combined field and laboratory experiments. 2. The body temperature of air-exposed animals is always lower than expected from the heat load. Evaporation from the peduncle is responsible for the heat loss. 3. The rate of water loss by evaporation from the peduncle cuticle is 1.5 µl/cm2 h mmHg both at 21 and 27 °C. The transpiration is proportional to the saturation deficit of the air. The water loss from the capitulum is negligible in comparison to that from the peduncle. 4. The haemolymph osmolality of animals in the field increases during exposure to sunshine and decreases during exposure to rain. The increase in haemolymph osmolality during desiccation is equal to that calculated from the decrease in body water. The water loss during air exposure is adequately replaced during submersion, probably by osmosis. 5. Pollicipes is an osmoconformer but is 5-20 m-osmoles hyperosmotic. It tolerates sea-water dilutions down to about 50%. The hyperosmolality seems to be balanced by a high internal hydrostatic pressure. 6. An excretory activity is observed. The excretion is isosmotic to the haemolymph and is possibly an ultrafiltrate of the latter. 7. The muscle cells show volume regulation, but free amino acids seem to be unimportant in regulation of intracellular osmolality. The concentration of ninhydrinpositive substances in the muscle tissue is about 200 mM for animals in full strength sea water.

scholarly journals Nutraceutical potentials of synergic foods: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tharani Devi Natarajan ◽  
Janci Rani Ramasamy ◽  
Kirthika Palanisamy
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Nutrition Research

AbstractFood synergy is a concept of linking foods to health. Food consists of mixtures of nutrients, serving as a fuel for the body. When synergistic foods are put together, the evidence for potential health benefits becomes stronger than individual foods. Nutrient deficiency is a known phenomenon in many individuals, and synergy plays a very important role in combating the nutritional deficiency. Today’s consumer expresses high interest to build knowledge on the active role of food in their well-being, as well as in the prevention of non-transmissible chronic diseases. Functional foods and their active compounds play a vital role in preventing chronic diseases, improving immunity, and decreasing infections. The concept of synergy is an overthinking in nutrition research which can enhance effective dietary planning value added to the forthcoming nutrition research. This paper gives an overview of various synergic combinations of food components and their interactions within the food and with the human system to attain ideal health benefits.

scholarly journals On the feasibility of watertight face-sealed window-wall interfaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Van Linden ◽  
Nathan Van Den Bossche
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Full Scale Test ◽  
Structural Insulated Panels ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Frame Construction

Watertightness is still a major source of concern in the performance of the building envelope. Even very small deficiencies can cause a significant amount of water leakage which may result in structural degradation or malfunctioning of the insulation. The risk of water infiltration is highest at joints between different building components and in particular at the window-wall interface due to the complexity of these joints. This paper focuses on the performance of different solutions to ensure the watertightness of the window-wall interface, e.g. self-adhesive foils, liquid applied coatings, prefabricated frames, self-expanding sealing strips. The performance of these solutions is evaluated for different wall assemblies, i.e. ETICS, masonry, structural insulated panels and wood-frame construction. Laboratory experiments were conducted on a full-scale test setup with a window of 1,01 m high and 0,56 m wide. Test results showed that it is not evident to obtain watertight face-sealed window-wall interfaces without an additional airtight layer or drainage possibilities. Water ingress was often recorded at lower pressure differences.

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