scholarly journals Temporal semantics of sentences with a deverbative turn (based on the works by E. D. Aypin)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-434
Author(s):  
N. G. Dolzhenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Temporal Semantics ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Relative Tense ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Entire Text

hich is one of the important structural and semantic indicators of any syntactic construction. Objective: to describe the grammatical meaning of the temporality of simple polypropositive sentences that include verbal nominal grammems, as well as a turn with these grammems and dependent word forms (deverbative turns); to identify the features of the time of these sentences. Research materials: simple sentences with deverbative turns, extracted from two essays by E. D. Aypin, in which time plays the most important meaning, organizing and functional-stylistic roles within the entire text. Results and novelty of the research: the result of the study is the representation of a complex, multidimensional picture of time in the designated structures. Against the background of the absolute meaning of the past tense, various forms of the relative tense of the verbal noun and constructions, in which these names are the main components, are identified. The article describes the taxis and deixis of simple polypropositive sentences, the synchronous and asynchronous time perspective expressed in sentences by formal, lexical means, as well as by the logic of represented events. The novelty of the research is both the material itself (sentences with deverbative turns used in certain literary texts), and the identification of a complex composition of a time perspective, a specific time relationship of two events, two situations within a simple sentence.

scholarly journals Compound sentences and syntaxic predicative contructions

2020 ◽  
pp. 210-214
Author(s):  
Sarina Rakhimova
Keyword(s):  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Human Speech ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article highlights the problem of compound sentences in the Turkic languages. Within the framework of this study, the problem of predicativity in complex sentences and the relationship of theoretical linguistics to predicative constructions used instead of a sentence member are investigated. A complex sentence, like a simple sentence, is pronounced with a single intonation, expressing a complete idea. Complex sentences describe more complex phenomena of the world around us than in simple sentences, and therefore these constructions appear as a later, higher expression of human speech. In primitive human speech, to express his feelings or other information, a person mainly used simple sentences. Later, as the connection between events became clearer, their expression in speech became more complex. Although simple sentences as components of a complex sentence, while maintaining intonation, are predicative parts of a certain syntactic construction.

Ale na razie tu cisza” – fotografie sprzed katastrofy w wybranych zapisach literackich (Stefan Chwin, Ryszard Kapuściński, Wisława Szymborska)

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Magdalena Strąk
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
First World War ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

The work aims to show a peculiar perspective of looking at photographs taken on the eve of the broadly understood disaster, which is specified in a slightly different way in each of the literary texts (Stefan Chwin’s autobiographical novel Krótka historia pewnego żartu [The brief history of a certain joke], a poem by Ryszard Kapuściński Na wystawie „Fotografia chłopów polskich do 1944 r.” [At an exhibition “The Polish peasants in photographs to 1944”] and Wisława Szymborska’s Fotografia z 11 września [Photograph from September 11]) – as death in a concentration camp, a general concept of the First World War or a terrorist attack. Upcoming tragic events – of which the photographed people are not yet aware – become for the subsequent recipient an inseparable element of reality contained in the frame. For the later observers, privileged with time perspective, the characters captured in the photograph are already victims of the catastrophe, which in reality was not yet recorded by the camera. It is a work about coexistence of the past and future in the field of photography.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ ERROR IN WRITING SIMPLE SENTENCES

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Budi Nugraha Hidayat ◽  
Maryani Maryani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Irregular Verbs ◽  
Simple Sentences

Language is needed whether it is written or spoken. Language is very necessary for people as a mean of communication. The objective of this research was to analyze the students’ ability in writing simple sentences in past tense. This research used qualitaive research and the data were analyzed to investigate the second year of students’ ability in writing English simple sentences. The participant of this research was consisted of 32 students. Data analysis shows that 27.81% the students have difficulties in structure English simple sentence in past tense. Furthermore 38.12% the students have difficulties using regular verbs in past tense, whereas 71.8% the students have difficulties using irregural verbs in past tense. Over all, the students’ ability in writing English simple sentence in past tense can be considered in medium level. This is due to their confusion in using verb (regular verbs and irregular verbs).

scholarly journals Exploring Sentence Diversity at the Boundary of Typical and Impaired Language Abilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 3236-3251
Author(s):  
Pamela A. Hadley
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Archival Database ◽  
Simple Sentences

Purpose This review article summarizes programmatic research on sentence diversity in toddlers developing language typically and explores developmental patterns of sentence diversity in toddlers at risk for specific language impairment. Method The first half of this review article presents a sentence-focused approach to language assessment and intervention and reviews findings from empirical studies of sentence diversity. In the second half, subject and verb diversity in three simple sentence types are explored in an archival database of toddlers with varying levels of grammatical outcomes at 36 months of age: low average, mild/moderate delay, and severe delay. Results Descriptive findings from the archival database replicated previous developmental patterns. All toddlers with low-average language abilities produced diverse simple sentences by 30 months of age and exhibited greater sentence diversity with first-person I -subjects before third-person subjects. Third-person subject diversity emerged in a developmental sequence, increasing in one-argument copula contexts and one-argument subject–verb sentences before two-argument subject–verb–object sentences. This developmental pattern held across all three outcome groups. Third-person subjects were least diverse for children with severe grammatical delays and were absent in all sentence contexts for two children with severe delays at 36 months. Conclusions Sentence diversity increases gradually and expands in predictable patterns. Understanding these developmental patterns may help identify and treat children who display unexpected difficulty combining different subjects and verbs in flexible ways. Supplemental Material and Presentation Video https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12915320

scholarly journals Existential Sentences as a Characteristic Syntactic Feature of I. A. Bunin’s Poetic Texts

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4 (202)) ◽  
pp. 256-272
Author(s):  
Olga A. Selemeneva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Texts ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
Traditional Structure ◽  
Lyrical Poetry ◽  
Poetic Text ◽  
Existential Sentences ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
Main Components

In this article, existential sentences are examined as a syntactic dominant of I. A. Bunin’s lyrical poetry. The interest in the originality of the syntax of Nobel laureate’s literary texts is due to the lack of research on this issue, linguists’ focus on the aesthetic salience of the vocabulary, its expressive properties and combination potential, as well as stylistic figures and tropes. Meanwhile, it is the writer’s selection of specific syntactic structures for the implementation of the idea, the representation of key ideas and concepts that reflect his personality and the peculiarities of his perception of the surrounding world. The author refers to Bunin’s poems from 1886–1917 and 1918–1953 published in Bunin’s collected works in 9 volumes. In the writer’s poetic oeuvre, existential sentences are regularly used. Despite the traditional structure that underlies them and is represented by three meanings (‘the object of being’, ‘being’, and ‘area of being’), the richness of the lexical content of each of the main components stands out. As a result, existential sentences become a universal form used to represent completely different situations in the author’s individual worldview: the existence of natural objects in space, meteorological phenomena, events, time periods, artifacts, etc.; physical states of the surrounding world; psychological states of the subject. Acting as a semantic core of a poetic text, existential sentences do not have a fixed place in it, and are used as a lyrical beginning, an interposed element, or an ending in its structure. In each position, their use is conceptually significant. It is established that the peculiarity of existential sentences in Bunin’s lyrical poetry is their syntactic unconditionality (attachment to three registers of speech, i.e. reproductive, informative, and generative) and polyfunctionality (performing the pictorial, characterising and concluding, and generalising functions).

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Satellite DNAs in Poa L.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linna Wei ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Chunping Zhang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Xiaoxia Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
5S Rdna ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Hybridization Intensity ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Rdna Fish ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract BackgroundPoa L is a large genus of grass in Gramineae, among which P. pratensis is widely cultivated as turf and forage. Satellite DNA is the main components of the plant genome. Information of satellites will helpful for dissection the genome composition and definition of the phylogeny relationship of these species. However, the knowledge about the satellites in genus Poa is still limited.ResultsFour satellite DNAs were identified using the Repeat Explorer pipeline in HiSeq Illumina reads from diploid plants in P. malaca (2n = 26). Two satellites showed high similarity with the previously identified PpTr-1 and PpTr-3, whereas two others are newly identified with the monomer of 326bp (Poa-326) and 353bp (Poa-353) respectively. The clone DNAs of PpTr-1 and PpTr-3, and oligonucleotides designed representing satellites Poa-326 and Poa-353 were probed to test on chromosomes across 13 Poa speceis with different polyploidy level by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). PpTr-1, PpTr-3, and Poa-362 were stably positioned in the subtelomeric regions in nearly all species with the variation of hybridization sites number. However, Poa-353 showed different FISH patterns of multiple regions with the variation of hybridization intensity and distribution sites across species. In addition, 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA were used to characterize the genome of the Poa species. Four rDNA FISH patterns were revealed in the tested species.ConclusionFour identified satellite were high conservable across Poa species. Genome distribution of these satellites can be characterized by FISH. The variation of satellite DNAs and rDNA chromosomal distributions between species provide useful information for phylogenetic analysis in genus Poa.

Crystallographic Peculiarities of β-α Transformation in Brass Induced by Hot Extrusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 541-545
Author(s):  
Mikhail L. Lobanov ◽  
S.V. Danilov ◽  
Vladimir I. Pastukhov
Keyword(s):  
Coincident Site Lattice ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Orientation Microscopy ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Orientation Relations ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Significant Concentration

Structure-texture states in brass rods after hot extrusion and air-cooling have been investigated with the orientation microscopy (EBSD). In the examined samples, a significant concentration of β-phase with the lattice, close to bcc and fcc α-phase, has been detected. The β-phase texture consisted of the main components: two close to {110}<110> and {001}<110>. The α-phase texture consisted of the main components: close to {001}<100> and two close {110}<111>. The analysis of crystallographic relationship of the texture components of β-and α-phases demonstrates that they may all be obtained, in accordance with the orientation relations, which are intermediate between the Kurdjumov-Sachs and Nishiyama-Wasserman types It is assumed that β-α transformation began in β-phase at coincident site lattice Σ3 and Σ33a boundaries.

Phonological Templates in Development

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn May Vihman
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Word Production ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Diary Studies ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Formal Status ◽  
First Words

Child phonological templates are idiosyncratic word production patterns. They can be understood as deriving, through generalization of patterning, from the very first words of the child, which are typically close in form to their adult targets. Templates can generally be identified only some time after a child’s first 20–50 words have been produced but before the child has achieved an expressive lexicon of 200 words. The templates appear to serve as a kind of ‘holding strategy’, a way for children to produce more complex adult word forms while remaining within the limits imposed by the articulatory, planning, and memory limitations of the early word period. Templates have been identified in the early words of children acquiring a number of languages, although not all children give clear evidence of using them. Within a given language we see a range of different templatic patterns, but these are nevertheless broadly shaped by the prosodic characteristics of the adult language as well as by the idiosyncratic production preferences of a given child; it is thus possible to begin to outline a typology of child templates. However, the evidence base for most languages remains small, ranging from individual diary studies to rare longitudinal studies of as many as 30 children. Thus templates undeniably play a role in phonological development, but their extent of use or generality remains unclear, their timing for the children who show them is unpredictable, and their period of sway is typically brief—a matter of a few weeks or months at most. Finally, the formal status and relationship of child phonological templates to adult grammars has so far received relatively little attention, but the closest parallels may lie in active novel word formation and in the lexicalization of commonly occurring expressions, both of which draw, like child templates, on the mnemonic effects of repetition.

Relation of Molecular Structure and Pigments to Coating Performance

CORROSION ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Coating Performance ◽  
Secondary Bonds ◽  
Main Components ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract A discussion of the main components of coatings, with emphasis on their characteristics related to these components. Molecular structure, significance and function of primary and secondary bonds, relationship of molecular weight to performance are considered. Function of modifiers and how they influence the characteristics of coating is explained. Mechanism of adhesion is reviewed briefly, considering the fundamental mechanical and electrochemical factors involved in this phenomenon. 4.1

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