scholarly journals The search for a vector of strawberry lethal yellows (SLY) in New Zealand

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Charles ◽  
D.J. Allan ◽  
M.T. Andersen ◽  
G. Langford ◽  
D. Mossop
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Plant Hosts ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Yellow Sticky Traps

Strawberry lethal yellows (SLY) is a phytoplasma disease that affects strawberry plants in New Zealand and Australia Although it has been established that this phytoplasma (Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense) is responsible for causing diseases in a number of other plant hosts an insect responsible for its spread still remains to be determined To identify potential insect vectors yellow sticky traps were established at two properties in the Bay of Plenty from planting (early October 2001) until harvest (May 2002) Leafhoppers caught in the traps until March 2002 and by sweepnetting the surrounding habitats in February were identified and tested for the presence of phytoplasma using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Arawa variegata and Recilia hospes (both Cicadellidae) were the commonest leafhoppers trapped Phytoplasma was detected in first and second generation A variegata in October and February respectively and in second generation R hospes in February The implications of this work for future SLY studies is discussed

scholarly journals Simplified polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sexing assists conservation of an endangered owl, the Norfolk Island Boobook Ninox novaeseelandiae undulata

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Double ◽  
Penny Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Molecular Method ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Norfolk Island ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Recovery Effort ◽  
Main Factor

In 1986 a single Norfolk Island Boobook Owl Ninox novaeseelandiae undulata remained. As part of a re-establishment programme, two male New Zealand Moreporks N. n. novaeseelandiae were introduced, one of which survived to pair with the female in the wild and breed successfully. By 1995 the population numbered 12 or 13 individuals of which seven were second generation (F2). However, there were only two breeding pairs. As the 11 hybrids could not be sexed using morphometrics we developed a molecular method based on a recently described avian polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sexing technique. The population was found to contain six females and five males. A scarcity of mature males was established as the main factor slowing the recovery effort.

scholarly journals The application of polymerase chain reaction for characterising strains of Pseudomonas syringae isolated from New Zealand rivers

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Vanneste ◽  
D.A. Cornish ◽  
J. Yu ◽  
C.E. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Complex Group ◽  
Rivers And Lakes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Waikato River

Pseudomonas syringae is a complex group of bacteria which comprises nine different genomospecies and over 50 pathovars Strains of P syringae have been isolated from some rivers and lakes in New Zealand To determine whether these waterways act as reservoirs of plant pathogenic bacteria 15 strains of P syringae isolated from the Waikato River and Whakapapanui stream have been further characterised using several polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocols Five of those 15 strains belong to genomospecies 1 which comprises P syringae pv syringae but none belongs to genomospecies 2 The protocol for detection of P syringae pv papulans was modified and is now specific for this pathovar The identity of a strain isolated from the Waikato River as being P syringae pv atrofaciens has yet to be confirmed None of the 15 strains studied belongs to the pathovars papulans actinidiae tagetis helianthii or theae

scholarly journals Detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae in kiwifruit pollen samples

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Vanneste ◽  
D. Giovanardi ◽  
J. Yu ◽  
D.A. Cornish ◽  
C. Kay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
First Report ◽  
Vacuum Device ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Presence of Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) the causal agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in pollen samples collected from infected and non infected orchards in Italy and in New Zealand was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by direct bacterial isolation Psa was isolated only from pollen samples collected in Italy including pollen collected from two uninfected orchards which the following year showed signs of infection Psa was also detected in pollen collected from male and female vines in an Italian infected orchard Pollen samples from Italy but not from New Zealand were collected with a vacuum device Psa could not be isolated from any of the 25 New Zealand pollen samples analysed This is the first report of Psa being associated with pollen There is currently no evidence that artificial pollination leads to increased infection or that pollen has been responsible for the introduction of Psa in a previously Psafree area

scholarly journals Empoasca papayae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)-Mediated Transmission of Papaya Meleira Virus-Mexican Variant in Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 2015-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel García-Cámara ◽  
Raúl Tapia-Tussell ◽  
Anuar Magaña-Álvarez ◽  
Alberto Cortés Velázquez ◽  
Rodolfo Martín-Mex ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Viral Titer ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Papaya meleira virus (PMeV) causes sticky disease in Carica papaya in Brazil and Mexico. Despite its economic importance and the need for effective phytosanitary control, it remains unknown whether any insect is the vector of this virus. The aim of this work was to identify potential insect vectors of the PMeV-Mexican variant (PMeV-Mx) and determine whether these potential vectors are capable of transmitting the virus. Adult insects were collected in papaya fields in the south-southeast region of Mexico and were identified morphologically and molecularly. Their abundance and frequency were determined, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to establish if they carried PMeV-Mx. The Cicadellidae family (Hemiptera) was the most diverse and abundant, and Empoasca papayae was the most abundant species and had the highest virus titers. PMeV-Mx transmission assays were conducted under controlled conditions using E. papayae on C. papaya ‘Maradol’. E. papayae was a carrier of PMeV-Mx at 6 h after exposure, and its viral titer increased with time, peaking at 2.125 pg/μl of PMeV-Mx RNA from 20 ng/µl of cDNA, 5 days after exposure (dae). From 14 days after plants were exposed to insects, PMeV-Mx was detected and quantified in 100% of the evaluated papaya plants, whose viral RNA titer increased from 0.06 (21 dae) to 26.6 pg/μl of PMeV-Mx RNA (60 dae) from 20 ng/µl of cDNA. Three months later, these plants developed sticky disease symptoms, demonstrating that E. papayae is capable of transmitting PMeV-Mx to C. papaya ‘Maradol’.

Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Salmon Using the Probelia Polymerase Chain Reaction System

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
JASON WAN ◽  
KERRYN KING ◽  
SANTINA FORSYTH ◽  
M. JOHN COVENTRY
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Food Microbiology ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A validation was conducted on the performance of a commercially available polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit (Probelia) in comparison with International Organization for Standardization (ISO) method 11290-1 (adopted as an Australian New Zealand Standard Method, AS/NZS 1766.2.16.1:1998) for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in salmon samples. The validation was conducted following the guidelines of an Australian New Zealand Standard (Guide to Determining the Equivalence of Food Microbiology Test Methods, Part 1, Qualitative Tests, AS/NZS 4659.1:1999), which adopts an approach similar to that recommended by the Association of Analytical Communities Microbiology Method Validation Program for Performance Tested and Peer Verified Methods. The validation study involved the use of five cultures of L. monocytogenes, each challenged at a single level of inoculation into five different types of salmon samples. A total of 60 salmon samples (30 unchallenged and 30 challenged) were tested using both the PCR method and the ISO method. Results from this study indicated that the Probelia PCR method is equivalent to the ISO method. In addition, the detection sensitivity of the Probelia PCR system was determined as approximately 0.5 CFU per PCR assay (equivalent to 20 CFU/ml broth culture) for a pure culture of L. monocytogenes. The Probelia PCR method offers the advantage of detecting L. monocytogenes to genetic specificity within 48 to 50 h, whereas the ISO method requires 5 days for negative results with additional days for confirmed positive results by the use of other biochemical and cultural tests.

A second-generation method of genotyping hepatitis C virus by the polymerase chain reaction with sense and antisense primers deduced from the core gene

1996 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Okamoto ◽  
Satoyuki Kobata ◽  
Hajime Tokita ◽  
Taisuke Inoue ◽  
Graeme D. Woodfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Core Gene ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Core ◽  
Polymerase Chain
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