NEW RACES OF PUCCINIA HELIANTHI SCHWEIN – IS THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF SUNFLOWER RUST IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

1970 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
T. S. Antonova ◽  
N. M. Araslanova ◽  
М. V. Ivebor ◽  
S. L. Saukova ◽  
Yu. V. Pitinova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Breeding For Resistance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Puccinia Helianthi ◽  
Rust Pathogen ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
New Races ◽  
First Time

Over the past two decades, over different years, depending on weather conditions, a strong distribution of rust on sunflower has been systematically observed in the Tambov, Lipetsk, Saratov, Volgograd regions, Krasnodar Territory and other places of the Russian Federation. This disease caused by the highly specialized fungus Puccinia helianthi Schwein was noticed in Russia in 1866. Since then, systematically recurring epiphytoties have been described by many domestic authors as well as by scientists from other countries where sunflower is cultivated and affected by this pathogen. Sunflower  breeding for resistance to rust was not carried out in the Russian Federation since 1983. The objectives of our research was to determine the race of some isolates of the sunflower rust pathogen collected in the Krasnodar Territory, Saratov and Lipetsk regions using an internationally accepted set of sunflower resistance differentiating lines. Eight standard lines were used: CM 90, CM 29, P-386, HA-R1, HA-R2. HA-R3, HA-R4, HA-R5. As a differentiator, susceptible to all races of the pathogen, we used the sunflower variety VNIIMK 8883. Six physiological races of P. helianthi were revealed. Four of them: 700, 710, 722, 772 were discovered in the Russia for the first time. In addition to these new pathotypes, the old races 100 and 300 have been identified. It is possible that there are other pathogen races that have not yet been found on the territory of the Russian Federation. Therefore, it is necessary to examine a larger number of fields in different regions and increase the number of isolate samples for identification.

New races of rust pathogen on sunflower in Russia

Helia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Araslanova ◽  
Tatiana Antonova ◽  
Ekaterina Lepeshko ◽  
Tatiana Usatenko ◽  
Svetlana Saukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Puccinia Helianthi ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Rust Pathogen ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
New Races ◽  
First Time ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Abstract Over the past two decades, there was observed a widespread of rust on sunflower in some regions of Russia. The identification of the racial structure of Puccinia helianthi populations in Russia has not been done since the early 80s of the last century. At that time, races 100 and 300 were identified. In our recent study, in addition to these races, new biotypes: 700, 710, 722, 772 were identified for the first time. The purpose of this study is to determine the racial identity of 160 P. helianthi isolates collected from 2018 to 2020 in the Rostov, Saratov, and Krasnodar regions. We used eight standard differentiating lines of sunflower: SM-90, SM 29, R-386, HАR-1, HАR-2, HAR-3, HAR-4, HAR-5. Sunflower variety VNIIMK 8883 was used as a differentiator susceptible to all races of the pathogen. In addition to the six races mentioned above, we identified 11 more new races for the first time: 304, 351, 352, 364, 704, 736, 740, 741, 745, 760, 762. Race 700 prevailed among the isolates collected in the Rostov region in 2020; we also identified single specimens of races 760, 762. Thus, 17 races of P. helianthi were found on sunflower in three regions of the Russian Federation. Other races may be also present here, so further research is required.

scholarly journals EVOLUTION OF ETIOTROPIC TREATMENT OF SHIGELLOSES

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-266
Author(s):  
V. V Nikiforov ◽  
Murad Z. Shakhmardanov ◽  
S. V Burova ◽  
Yu. N Tomilin ◽  
A. S Abusueva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Russian Federation

In the work there was followed the evolution of the etiotropic treatment of shigellosis patients and there were outlined main principles of therapy of this pathology. With taking into account the variability of the causative agent, the use of fluoroquinolones with the etiotropic purpose in the 90s of the last century was justified. The dynamics of shigellosis infection in the Russian Federation over the past 15 years is shown against the background of their use.

State of the Russian Oncology Service: esophageal cancer, median survival, observed and relative survival of patients considering disease stage and histological structure of tumors (population-based study at the federal district level). Part 2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vakhtang M. Merabishvili
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Population Based ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the most severe pathology of malignant tumors, with the mortality rate of patients exceeding 70% in the first year of observation. Over the past 19 years, there was a slight improvement in the effectiveness of anticancer measures for this localization of tumors. In February 2019 the Population-based Cancer Registry database (PCRD) of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation (NWFD RF) was developed with more than 1 million 350 thousand observations which provides insight into ​​the real state of the effectiveness of anti-cancer measures and directs the following development of the database. After a thorough data quality assurance, about 1 million observations were selected for analysis. From 2000 to 2018, 15760 primary EC cases were accumulated in the NWFD RF PCRD. Considering that the levels of standardized morbidity and mortality rates of the population of Russia and the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation are close in terms of the level of indicators, we believe that the data obtained for the first time in Russia on the survival of EC patients in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation fully reflect the state of the effectiveness of combating EC in Russia. The purpose of the study is to carry out a set of analytical calculations of the survival rates of EC patients in the dynamics over the past 19 years according to the NWFD RF PCRD. All calculations were performed in accordance with the international requirements for such development and, first of all, according to Eurocare standards. The results of our study indicate that the EC median survival rate for both sexes has increased from 5 to 6 months. The mortality rate of patients in the first year of follow-up has decreased from 72.4 to 71.4% (both sexes), from 73.9 to 71.6% among men, from 69.3 to 65.1% among women. The five-year survival rate of EC patients in the NWFD RF had slight fluctuations, especially among the female population. Data grouped by five years for three five-year observation cycles has shown an increase in the five-year survival rate of EC patients from 7.3 to 8.1%, and the one-year survival rate has increased over four five-year cycles from 25.3 to 30.8%. For the first time in Russia, at the population level, the effect of treating EC patients has been shown according to the fourth sign of ICD-10. The greatest treatment success has been achieved for EC patients under the following rubrics: Cervical esophagus (C15.0) from 23.3 to 35.0% (one-year survival), Thoracic esophagus (C15.1) from 29.6 to 35.8% and especially significant improvements have been made for patients with the Upper third of esophagus (C15.3) from 18.2 to 34.0%. It is important to note that over the four observation periods, the proportion of EC patients under C15.9 rubric Esophagus, unspecified has decreased from 29.3 to 19.8%, which indicates a significant improvement in the quality of diagnosis.

scholarly journals Study of the phenology and seed productivity of golden root (Sedum roseum (L.) Scop.) in the Central region of the Non‐chernozem zone of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
О. M. Savchenko ◽  
E. Yu. Babaeva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Phenological Phases

Aim. The study of the phenology and seed productivity of golden root plants in the 2nd‐4th years of life in the Moscow region under the influence of meteorological conditions. Methods. The objects of research were plants of golden root from the biocollection of VILAR in Moscow. The studies included field and laboratory experiments, which conducted in 2016‐2019 according to methods adopted in medicinal plant production. Weather conditions in the Moscow region during the research period were identified on the Internet. Seed productivity was assessed according to generally accepted methods. Determination of seed sowing qualities was carried outaccording to National Standard 34221‐2017.Results. The influence of weather conditions on the passage of phenological phases of young golden root plants in 2016‐2019 in the Non‐chernozem zone of the Russian Federation under experimental field conditions was studied for the first time. The duration of phenological phases depending on conditions in the year of observation was determined. The composition of the population of young golden root plants for the second, third and fourth years of vegetation wasestablished. Adverse factors which reduce seed productivity and affect the quality of seeds were identified.Conclusion. The favourable meteorological characteristics of the growing season contributed to an increase in the mass of 1000 seeds by an average of 43 mg and increased seed germination to 82%. Differences in seed quality and productivity of seeds depending on the conditions of the year of observation may indicate the necessity for measures for adaptation of the plants to harmful environmental factors.

Particularity of Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in the Russian Federation: Public Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-322
Author(s):  
Václav Pravda
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recognition And Enforcement ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Broad Interpretation ◽  
Basic Ideas

Summary This article elaborates on the issue of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in the Russian Federation. It is common knowledge that foreign companies seeking R&E in Russia suffered damage because of the broad interpretation of Russian public policy in the past decades. However, it is uncertain how the present judicial development appears like and where it will lead in the future. The article specifically considers two basic ideas on the issue at hand: one is slightly critical (Karabelnikov) while the second is rather optimistic in regard with the recent development (Zykov). The main goal is to introduce the issue to the respective readers and to try to inflame a discussion.

Current state and main directions of preservation and strengthening of health of the working population of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Bukhtiyarov
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Past ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article presents the results of the analysis of health, working conditions and prevalence of adverse production factors, the structure of the detected occupational pathology in the working population of the Russian Federation. The article presents Statistical data on the dynamics of the share of workplaces of industrial enterprises that do not meet hygienic standards, occupational morbidity in 2015-2018 for the main groups of adverse factors of the production environment and the labor process. The indicators of occupational morbidity over the past 6 years in the context of the main types of economic activity, individual subjects of the Russian Federation, classes of working conditions, levels of specialized occupational health care. The role of the research Institute of occupational pathology and occupational pathology centers in solving organizational, methodological and practical tasks for the detection, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of occupational diseases is shown. The basic directions of activity in the field of preservation and strengthening of health of workers, and also safety at a workplace are defined.

ON THE NEED TO COLLECT, PRESERVE AND STUDY DISAPPEARED NAMES OF SETTLEMENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
S.A. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Local History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Disappeared

The article deals with the problem of collecting, preserving and researching the disappeared names of localities in the subjects of the Russian Federation, which for centuries have become an integral part of the historical and cultural heritage of the peoples of our country. The author believes that only a comprehensive analysis of the past oikonyms in nominational, lexical-semantic, historical-cultural, historical-ethnographic, local history aspects will restore the linguistic and cultural systems of different time periods in different microareals of the Russian Federation. The author comes to the conclusion that in order to preserve the historical memory of the disappeared names of geographical objects, local researchers need the support of regional state authorities and local self-government.

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