scholarly journals The 100th anniversary of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, the leader of Russian scientific vegetable growing

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
A. V. Soldatenko ◽  
F. B. Musaev ◽  
D. V. Sokolova

This year, the staff of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSVC) celebrates their 100th anniversary. Prof. S. I. Zhegalov was the recognized founder of the institution, which was reorganized from Gribovo Vegetable Experimental Station. Its team started with 14 employees, and the experimental crop area was slightly less than 4 hectares. In a short period of time (1920 to 1927), 74 cultivars of the most popular vegetable crops and a number of flower crop varieties were developed and improved. The second period of the Station’s development (1937 to 1966) was associated with the name of Acad. E. I. Ushakova. During this period, a pleiad of talented scientific plant breeders emerged and thrived: A. V. Alpatyev, S. P. Agapova, E. M. Popova, A. D. Plinka, Yu. A. Kobyakova, and others. In 1971, Gribovo Experimental Station was transformed into the All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Breeding and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops (VNIISSOK). The Institute was headed by Acad. P. F. Sokol. Under his leadership, capacity building and logistic support of the Institute were promoted: new facilities were built, and the experimental production network was expanded. Despite the difficulties associated with the reorganization and the financial and political situation in the country in 1992–2017, the staff achieved significant results during the years of the directorship by Acad. V. F. Pivovarov. New cultivars were developed to meet the demand; they occupied more than 50% of the crop area under vegetables across the country. Each year, the Institute produced 200–300 tons of elite and cultivar seeds. In 2017, the Institute was merged into the Federal Scientific Vege table Center as the keystone element. The Center also incorporated the All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Production and seven experiment stations throughout the Russian Federation. The Institute has been successfully cooperating with the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) for many years, exchanging germplasm materials and experience, and jointly developing vegetable cultivars.

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
A. V. Soldatenko ◽  
V. F. Pivovarov ◽  
O. N. Pyshnaya ◽  
L. K. Gurkina

The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the head institution of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center - the oldest and leading breeding organization for vegetable crops, better known in the scientific and socio-economic spheres of the Russian Federation by its historical name - VNIISSOK. The center's activity dates back to the creation in 1920 of the Gribovskaya Vegetable Breeding Experimental Station, where, under the leadership of Professor Sergei Ivanovich Zhegalov, a theoretical and practical basis for the development of domestic breeding was laid. In 1970, the experimental station was transformed into the AllUnion Research Institute of Selection and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops, and in 1992 into the All-Russian Research Institute of Selection and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops. Over the years, breeding methods have been developed and improved, including modern biotechnological methods, using molecular marking and interspecies hybridization. The results obtained during this period reflect the traditions of scientific schools and approaches laid down by scientists-breeders, seed growers, vegetable growers, flower growers, both in the field of basic research, and in the creation of varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops. The organizational and structural reform of breeding institutions carried out in 2017 contributed to the formation of the Federal scientific vegetable center (FSBSI FSVC), which includes VNIISSOK as the parent organization and 8 branches located in various ecological and geographical zones. At a new stage of development, the FSBSI FSVC continues its glorious traditions. Scientists have obtained world-class results in basic research and competitive selection achievements in priority applied research. The scientific results and structural changes that have occurred over the hundred-year period of the breeding establishment are the foundation for the further development of the vegetable science in the country.


2011 ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
V.F. Pivovarov ◽  
O.N. Pyshnaya ◽  
L.K. Gurkina

In 2011, the 130 years from the S.I. Zhegalov's birthday is being celebrated. Segei Ivanovich Zhegalov was a first who gave rise to Russian vegetable plant breeding and seed production. He was a first director of Gribovo Experimental Station which became later the All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production (VNIISSOK).


The experiment herein described was undertaken at the Central Research Institute, Kasauli, India. It commenced on September 6, 1913, and terminated, owing to my recall to military duty for active service, on December 24, 1914. Having been on service for the past 18 months I have not hitherto had an opportunity to report it. Object of the Experiment . Its object was to determine the cause of congenital goitre and the conditions under which it developed in large animals, and to confirm and amplify the results I had obtained by previous experimentation on white rats.


2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
А.Г. Аксенов ◽  
А.В. Сибирев

Степень технологической и технической зависимости отечественных производителей овощных культур от зарубежных производителей с.-х. техники, а также их техническая оснащенность специализированными машинами объясняется высокими затратами на производство овощей, особенно на уборку, что при общем дефиците ручного труда приводит к сокращению площадей, нарушению технологии выращивания и соответственно снижению урожайности. Цель исследований – определить современное состояние технологического и технического обеспечения производства овощных культур в Российской Федерации. Для достижения поставленной цели использовали методологию системного анализа и синтеза, математической статистики, численные методы решения аналитических зависимостей. Статистические исследования современного состояния технического обеспечения производства овощей в России могут служить основой для построения модели и разработки концептуальных принципов модернизации технологического и технического обеспечения работ в овощеводстве. Определена потребность товаропроизводителей в современных высокотехнологичных комплексах машин для производства овощных культур. Проведенные статистические исследования позволили оценить современное состояние с.-х. машиностроения по выпуску необходимого для товаропроизводителей количества машин. Повышение объемов производства овощной продукции неразрывно коррелирует с уровнем технического обеспечения отрасли овощеводства в целом, что подтверждает уровень локализации с.-х. машиностроения РФ, а также Беларуси и Казахстана, где с.-х. машиностроение представлено широкой номенклатурой предприятий, выпускающих комплексы машин от предпосадочной обработки почвы до послеуборочной обработки товарной продукции. Для возрождения с.-х. машиностроения и развития рынка средств механизации аграрного производства определены основные механизмы обновления парка сельхозтехники – преимущественно привлечением кредитных ресурсов коммерческих банков и лизинговых компаний. Кроме того, интенсивность ведения сельского хозяйства в современных условиях производства невозможна без высокого уровня насыщения машинно-технологических комплексов средствами интеллектуализации. Получать качественную конкурентоспособную продукцию можно только при использовании современных высокопроизводительных машин, обеспечивающих совмещение технологических операций, в конструкциях которых заложены системы автоматизированного управления технологическими процессами, учета почвенного плодородия, обеспечения экологической чистоты агроландшафтов. The degree of technological and technical dependence of domestic producers of vegetable crops on foreign producers of agricultural machinery, as well as their technical equipment with specialized machines, is explained by the high costs of vegetable production, especially for harvesting, which, with a general shortage of manual labor, leads to a reduction in area, disruption of cultivation technology and, accordingly, a decrease in yield. The purpose of the research is to determine the current state of technological and technical support for the production of vegetable crops in the Russian Federation. To achieve this purpose, we used the methodology of system analysis and synthesis, mathematical statistics, numerical methods for solving analytical dependencies. Statistical studies of the current state of technical support for vegetable production in Russia can serve as a basis for building a model and developing conceptual principles for modernizing technological and technical support for work in vegetable growing. The need of commodity producers for modern high-tech complexes of machines for the production of vegetable crops is determined. The conducted statistical studies made it possible to assess the current state of agricultural engineering for the production of the number of machines necessary for commodity producers. The increase in the production of vegetable products is inextricably correlated with the level of technical support for the vegetable growing industry as a whole, which confirms the level of localization of agricultural machinery in the Russian Federation, as well as in Belarus and Kazakhstan, where agricultural machinery is represented by a wide range of enterprises that produce complexes of machines from pre-planting tillage to post-harvest processing of commercial products. For the revival of agricultural machinery and the development of the market of agricultural production mechanization tools, the main mechanisms for updating the agricultural machinery fleet are determined-mainly by attracting credit resources from commercial banks and leasing companies. In addition, the intensity of agriculture in modern production conditions is impossible without a high level of saturation of machine-technological complexes with means of intellectualization. It is possible to obtain high-quality competitive products only with the use of modern high-performance machines that ensure the combination of technological operations, in the designs of which there are systems for automated control of technological processes, accounting for soil fertility, ensuring environmental cleanliness of agricultural landscapes. Key words: vegetable growing, vegetable seeders, transplanters, vegetable harvesting equipment.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-422

THE origins and initial operations of Playtex Park Research Institute in support of pediatric research were reported in this column a year and a half ago. When the Institute was founded by the International Latex Corporation it was described as "an experiment in industrial giving." The accomplishments of the Institute to date justify the faith that the sponsor and the governing board had in the concept that industry and medicine can work as a team for the common good with great effectiveness. The medical world is well aware of the ever present necessity for the private augmentation of the pitifully small existing funds for pediatric research. It is indeed fortunate that Playtex Park Research Institute is the beneficiary of its sponsor's realistic and farsighted approach to this need. In the short period of less than three years, the Institute has received almost $700,000.00 in commitments from the International Latex Corporation which is indeed a generous contribution to the advancement of pediatric knowledge. This has made the Institute's sponsor the largest private source of funds for pediatric research in the country, and possibly the world. The sponsor insists on taking no part in deciding how this money is spent. Reflecting these wishes, such jurisdiction is placed solely in the hands of the 25 physicians comprising the Institute's Board of Governors.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Ahmadiani ◽  
Chun Li ◽  
Yaqin Liu ◽  
Esendugue Greg Fonsah ◽  
Christine Bliss ◽  
...  

<p class="sar-body"><span lang="EN-US">There are little economic data concerning the profitability of organic vegetable crops in the Southern Coastal Plain, especially in reference to sod-based rotation and tillage alternatives.  A three-year experiment was conducted at the North Florida Research and Education Center-Quincy involving a crop rotation sequence of oats and rye (winter), bush beans (spring), soybean (summer) and broccoli (fall). Bush beans and broccoli were the cash crops. This paper presents analyses of the riskiness of organic production utilizing years in bahiagrass prior to initiating the crop rotation sequence and conventional tillage (CT) versus strip tillage (ST). Methods of “Risk-rated enterprise budget” and “Analyses of Variance-Covariance Matrix (ANOVA)” were utilized for determining relative profitability, and coefficient of variation was applied for measuring riskiness of each treatment. Three years of bahiagrass prior to initiating the crop rotation sequence, in combination with conventional tillage, had the highest profitability and ranked as the least risky scenario.  The second most profitable treatment was conventional tillage with four years of bahiagrass. Focusing on strip tillage, four years of bahiagrass with strip-tillage ranked third in term of profitability.</span></p>


2020 ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
J. T. Nakhalbaev ◽  
I. Kh. Khamdamov

Relevance and methods. The information on the influence of samples of chickpea sorts, time of planting the lines of chickpeas on seed infection with ascochytosis and on the weight of grain on one plant bush is presented in this article. Samples of chickpea sorts and lines were studied during the first sowing period — the first decade of March and the second sowing period — the third decade of March. Ascochytosis infection was evaluated in natural field conditions. The study was conducted at the Central Experimental Station of the Galaaral Research Institute of Grain and Leguminous Crops in 2015–2017 in Uzbekistan.Results. According to the three-year study, it was found that in the years when there was a lot of precipitation days, sorts Yulduz, ILC 263 and MП 2015/1 of the lines during the first sowing were determined to be infected with acochytosis up to 6 points. During the first sowing period of this cv., there was a decrease in the weight of grains on one plant bush compared to the second sowing period. Cv. ILC 3279, Umid and line 14442 were found to be virtually undamaged in natural field conditions with ascohitosis during both planting periods. It wasfound our that the weight of cv. Мustaqillik-20, line 14442 grain on one plant bush remained high during both planting periods.


2012 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
V.F. Pivovarov

The article summarizes the work undertaken in the Institute for last five years. VNIISSOK is a leader in the field of breeding and seed production of vegetable crops. Staff of the Institute solve a query of producers for food supply security in Russia.


Author(s):  
Yu.S. Osipova ◽  

The article presents the results of research of hop varieties collected from various hop-producing countries of the world in order to preserve the genetic resources of this crop. The history of the development of the bioresource genetic collection of common hops (Humulus lupulus L.) is described. In Chuvashia in 1980, work began on the collection and creation of a collection of hops. In many countries of the world, national programs are being developed for the conservation and use of plant genetic resources, including hops.


Author(s):  
F.Kh. Abdullaev

Aim. To develop the National Plant Gene Pool Information System for the effective exchange of information and targeted use of this information in different research programs as well as for cooperation with regional and international organizations on the basis of intellectual property rights. Results and Discussion. This study was aimed at solving a set of interrelated objectives to compile a computer database of characteristics of the Global Collection of Agricultural Genetic Resources. The platform for this database was harmonized and systematized crop descriptors, which are the main component of the National Information System. As a part of these studies, the PGR Documentation Unit at the National Genebank of the Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources worked at constructing data queries for presentation in the Information System forms. The tool part of the CAC-DB information system, where one can generate any query at one’s discretion by selecting data using the Query tools, served as a basis for this work. Seventeen types of queries for general use and 4 types of report templates were designed. The National Information System on Plant Genetic Resources, which is being developed at the Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, will make it possible to increase the efficiency of its storage, documentation, management and use through the exchange of information and germplasm, and will ensure the transition of genetic and breeding studies to a new technological level, increasing its effectiveness. Conclusions. The developed National Information System is unique and selective. It will concentrate comprehensive information on the plant gene pool of the Republic, as it is specific for Central Asia and the Southern Caucasus, having no analogues in the world.


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