scholarly journals Active volcanism in Colombia and the role of the Servicio Geológico Colombiano

Volcanica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 113-139
Author(s):  
Diego Gómez ◽  
Cristian Mauricio López Vélez ◽  
Maria Luisa Monsalve Bustamante ◽  
Adriana del Pilar Agudelo Restrepo ◽  
Gloria Patricia Cortés Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Volcanic Hazard ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Time Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Active Volcanism ◽  
Volcanic Monitoring ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Active Volcanoes

The Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC) was created in 1916 and has been dedicated to the research and monitoring of active volcanoes in the country since the disaster resulting from the eruption of Nevado del Ruíz Volcano in 1985, where more than 25000 people died due to lahars. Today the SGC has three Volcanological and Seismological Observatories in the cities of Manizales (SGC-OVSM), Popayán (SGC-OVSPop), and Pasto (SGC-OVSP), from where 23 active volcanoes are monitored. The three observatories manage an instrumental network of about 740 stations (permanent and portable) as well as signal repeaters, and cover the disciplines of seismology, geodesy, geochemistry, and potential field, amongst others. Volcanic hazard assessment is also carried out by the SGC, producing hazard maps and reports. These tasks are complemented by programs for promoting geoscience knowledge transfer to the public, developed through different strategies. Although at this time, data derived from volcanic monitoring are not available online, the SGC is analysing this need, for implementation in the near future. El Servicio Geológico Colombiano (SGC) fue creado en 1916, y se ha dedicado a la investigación y monitoreo de los volcanes activos en el país desde el desastre resultante de la erupción del volcán Nevado del Ruíz en 1985, donde más de 25000 personas murieron debido a la ocurrencia de lahares. Hoy en día, el SGC tiene tres Observatorios Vulcanológicos y Sismológicos en las ciudades de Manizales (SGC-OVSM), Popayán (SGC-OVSPop) y Pasto (SGC-OVSP), desde donde se monitorean 23 volcanes activos. Los tres observatorios manejan una red instrumental de aproximadamente 740 estaciones (permanentes y portátiles), como también repetidoras de señal, y cubren las disciplinas de sismología, geodesia, geoquímica y campos de potencial, entre otras. La evaluación de la amenaza volcánica también es realizada por el SGC, produciendo mapas e informes. Estas tareas se complementan con programas para promover transferencia de conocimientos geocientíficos al público, desarrollados a través de diferentes estrategias. Aunque en este momento los datos derivados del monitoreo volcánico no están disponibles en línea, el SGC está analizando esta necesidad para su implementación en un futuro cercano.

scholarly journals Assessing qualitative long-term volcanic hazard at Lanzarote Island (Canary Islands)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Becerril ◽  
Joan Martí ◽  
Stefania Bartolini ◽  
Adelina Geyer
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Volcanic Hazard ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Hazard Evaluation ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Emergency Plans ◽  
Historical Times ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. Conducting long-term hazard assessment in active volcanic areas is of primordial importance for land planning and to define emergency plans able to be applied in case of a crisis. Definition of scenario hazard maps helps to mitigate the consequences of future eruptions by anticipating to the events that may occur. Lanzarote is an active volcanic island that has hosted the largest (> 1.5 km3 DRE) and longest (6 years) eruption, the Timanfaya eruption, on the Canary Islands in historical times (last 600 years). This eruption brought severe economic losses and forced local people to migrate. In spite of all these facts, no comprehensive hazard assessment neither hazard maps have been developed for the island. In this work, we present an integrated long-term volcanic hazard evaluation using a systematic methodology that includes spatial analysis and simulations of the most probable expected eruptive scenarios.

Digital Media in Grassroots Anti-Corruption Mobilizations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Mattoni
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Principal Agent ◽  
The Public ◽  
Principal Agent Problem ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Situated Approach

Corruption is a global problem that affects millions of people, and activists all over the world mobilize against it. When they do so, they increasingly employ various types of digital media. First, the chapter discusses two leading roles that digital media might have in grassroots anti-corruption struggles, each of them linked to one specific approach to corruption. On the one hand, they are in line with a view of corruption as a principal–agent problem, hence assisting activists in enlarging the monitoring and denouncing capacity of people concerning corruption. On the other hand, they can sustain a view of corruption as a collective action problem, hence helping activists in increasing the public awareness on corruption to change the normative understanding of what corruption is and does to societies. Second, the chapter addresses digital media as they entangle with big data. While anti-corruption activists have always relied on data of all kinds to support their struggles, this section tackles three specific types of data-related practices (data production, data embedment, and data transformation). It also shows how they are in tune with either the collective action or the principal–agent approach to corruption. Third, the chapter discusses another, more pragmatic, and situated approach to corruption and, in its framework, the potential role of digital media for anti-corruption activists, arguing for the development of comparative studies on the subject matter. Finally, conclusions revisit the previous sections, taking into consideration three main directions toward which research on anti-corruption from the grassroots and its relationship with digital media might develop in the near future.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pembayaran Non Tunai Terhadap Jumlah Uang yang Diminta Masyarakat

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Ayu Nursari ◽  
I Wayan Suparta ◽  
Yoke Moelgini
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Credit Cards ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Positive Effect

Technological developments have touched aspects of life, including the economic sector of the banking sector. Along with advances in financial technology, commercial transactions continue to experience changes in the pattern and payment system (payment), which influences facilitate the reach of the public with bank financial products. Currently, the role of cash payments has begun to be shifted to technology advances. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of non-cash fees (Debit / ATM Cards, Credit Cards, E-Money, Clearing, RTGS) on the economy and demand for cash in Indonesian society. This study uses Bank Indonesia (BI) and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The research data used is quarterly time data with 2013 sample time: 1 to 2018: 4. The data analysis technique used is the Error Correction Model (ECM) and Trend Analysis. The study results show that non-cash payments (Debit / ATM Cards, Credit Cards, E-Money, Clearing, RTGS) have a positive effect on the economy and demand for cash in Indonesian society.

scholarly journals Role of Nongovernment Organisations in the Development of the Kosovar Society

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Hamdi Hoti ◽  
Demir LIMAJ ◽  
Edisona KURHASKU-HOTI
Keyword(s):  
Government Organization ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Public ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Society Today

Generally, the paper shows the importance that have non-government organization in Kosovo on development routes toward democratic and transparent society. Today, the main purpose of NGO’s is creating a better life for society by researching for the needs of society and fulfilling these requirements in the near future. Today, in day life we are facing with different individual and groups of society and is being questioned about the purpose of the works of these organizations. Research results of the paper shows that NGO’s have played and are playing positive important role in Kosovar society development, in generally developing in /special fields. Among the main requirements include cooperation and coordination between NGO’s to achieve powerful impact in society development and increasing transparency for the public and creating reliability that it will not misused taken fonds and have the main mission improvement of society instead of benefits. Keywords: NGO, cooperation, society, development, impact.

scholarly journals Identification of quercetin from fruits to immediately fight Zika

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Roy ◽  
Liangzhong Lim ◽  
Jianxing Song
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Infected Mosquito ◽  
World Population ◽  
The Public ◽  
Vaccine Treatment ◽  
Ns3 Protease ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time

Zika virus is spread mainly by the bite of an infected mosquito, which can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus, thus leading to birth defects including more than microcephaly. It has been recently estimated that one-third of the world population will be infected by Zika in the near future, but unfortunately so far there is no vaccine or medicine for Zika. In particular, the special concern on the vaccine treatment to Zika and Dengue arising from antibody-dependent enhancement strongly emphasizes the key role of its NS2B-NS3 protease (NS2B-NS3pro) as a target for anti-Zika drug discovery/design due to its absolutely-essential role in viral replication. In response to the current global health emergency triggered by the Zika outbreak, we successfully obtained several active forms of Zika NS2B-NS3pro and further attempted to discover its inhibitors from eatable plants and traditional herbal medicines to immediately fight Zika. Here, for the first time, we discovered that quercetin, a flavonoid extensively existing in many fruits and vegetables, effectively inhibits Zika NS2B-NS3pro. We further quantify its inhibitory activity with IC50 of 26 uM; and Ki of 23 uM. As quercetin has been extensively found in fruits, vegetables, leaves and grains, our discovery would benefit the public to immediately fight Zika.

European Catalogue of Volcanoes and volcanic areas: a EUROVOLC contribution to strengthen the volcanological community

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro A. Di Vito ◽  
Bergrun A. Óladóttir ◽  
Sara Barsotti ◽  
Wp collaborators
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Volcanic Hazard ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Eruptive Activity ◽  
Work Package ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Geological Background ◽  
Active Volcanoes

<p>Sharing data, sharing information, sharing results is becoming a priority within open scientific communities. The European volcanological community has been fostering the integration of information on active volcanoes through the EUROVOLC project. Institutions currently responsible for monitoring active volcanoes in Europe and over-seas territories, participate in Work-package 11 aiming to make the information consistently available to the general public and stakeholders through a friendly and interactive web-site. A European Catalogue of Volcanoes (ECV) has been created containing information on geological background, historical eruptive activity, eruptive scenarios and potential hazards for ten volcanoes (Etna and Vesuvio in Italy; Santorini in Greece; Chain de Puys, La Piton de la Fournaise and La Soufriere de la Guadaloupe in France and French territories; Teide and La Garrtoxa Fields in Spain and Canary Islands; Fogo and Sete Cidades in Azores Islands).All 32 active Icelandic volcanoes are accessible through the same interface (by sharing the backend with the Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes), enlarging the number of volcanoes accessible through ECV to 42. Additionally, the ECV includes a database of quantitative parameters characterizing selected eruptions, facilitating the adoption of such eruptive source parameters for numerical modelling validation, comparison and volcanic hazard assessment.<span>   </span></p><p>In this presentation the functionalities and features currently implemented in the ECV will be shown. The future steps to achieve the envisioned final result, by the end of the project in 2021, will also be introduced.</p>

scholarly journals Monitoring of active volcanoes in Peru by the Instituto Geofísico del Perú

Volcanica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 49-71
Author(s):  
Roger Machacca Puma ◽  
José Alberto Del Carpio Calienes ◽  
Marco Antonio Rivera Porras ◽  
Hernando Jhonny Tavera Huarache ◽  
Luisa Diomira Macedo Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Volcanic Hazards ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
The Public ◽  
Volcanic Monitoring ◽  
Ash Dispersion ◽  
Information Media ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Active Volcanoes

Volcano monitoring in Peru is carried out by the Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), through its Centro Vulcanológico Nacional (CENVUL). CENVUL monitors 12 out of 16 volcanoes considered as historically active and potentially active in southern Peru and issues periodic bulletins about the volcanic activity and, depending on the alert-level of each volcano, also issues alerts and warnings of volcanic unrest, ash dispersion, and the occurrence of lahars. The information generated by CENVUL is disseminated to the civil authorities and the public through different information media (newsletters, e-mail, website, social media, mobile app, etc.). The IGP volcanology team was formed after the eruption of Sabancaya volcano in 1988. Since then, geophysical and geological studies, volcanic hazards assessments, and multidisciplinary monitoring realized by the IGP, have provided a comprehensive understanding of volcanic activity in Peru and forecast future eruptive scenarios. Currently, 80% of the historically active and potentially active volcanoes in Peru are equipped with networks of multiparameter instruments, with the seismic monitoring being the most widely implemented. In this report, we present the situation of volcanic monitoring in Peru, the monitoring networks, the techniques employed, as well as efforts to educate and inform the public and officials responsible for disaster risk management.

scholarly journals Volcanic monitoring and hazard assessment in El Salvador

Volcanica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 183-201
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Antonio Castro Carcamo ◽  
Eduardo Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Volcanic Hazard ◽  
Volcano Monitoring ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Volcanic Arc ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Volcanic Monitoring

The Salvadorean volcanic range forms part of Central America Volcanic Arc and is located on the Pacific ring of fire. El Salvador is a country with at least twenty Holocene-active volcanic structures and where most of the population, including the metropolitan area of San Salvador, live near a volcanic complex. Currently, there are six active volcanoes that are continuously monitored by the Observatorio de Amenazas y Recursos Naturales, which is part of the Ministerio del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales. Volcano monitoring involves seismic, geochemical, and visual monitoring techniques, among others. In addition to volcano monitoring and with the aim of early warning of future eruptions, volcanic hazard maps and networks of local observers have been developed. These initiatives together with the general directorate of civil protection, seek to meet the goal of reducing risk from volcanic activity in El Salvador.  La cadena volcánica salvadoreña forma parte del Arco Volcánico de América Central y está localizada dentro de la zona conocida como cinturón de fuego del Pacífico. El Salvador es un país donde se encuentran al menos 20 estructuras volcánicas que han estado activas durante el Holoceno y donde la mayor parte de la población, incluyendo la ciudad capital San Salvador, está ubicada en las proximidades de algún complejo volcánico. Actualmente, seis volcanes activos son continuamente monitoreados por el Observatorio de Amenazas y Recursos Naturales, que es parte del Ministerio del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales. El monitoreo volcánico se realiza mediante técnicas de monitoreo sísmicas, geoquímicas, visuales, entre otras. Como complemento del trabajo de monitoreo, se han desarrollado mapas de amenaza volcánica y redes de observadores locales constituyendo así sistemas de alerta temprana ante futuras erupciones. Estas iniciativas, en conjunto con la dirección general de la protección civil, persiguen el objetivo de reducir el riesgo por actividad volcánica en El Salvador.

DNA methylation in satellite repeats disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Francastel ◽  
Frédérique Magdinier
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Satellite Repeats ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Dna Elements ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Despite the tremendous progress made in recent years in assembling the human genome, tandemly repeated DNA elements remain poorly characterized. These sequences account for the vast majority of methylated sites in the human genome and their methylated state is necessary for this repetitive DNA to function properly and to maintain genome integrity. Furthermore, recent advances highlight the emerging role of these sequences in regulating the functions of the human genome and its variability during evolution, among individuals, or in disease susceptibility. In addition, a number of inherited rare diseases are directly linked to the alteration of some of these repetitive DNA sequences, either through changes in the organization or size of the tandem repeat arrays or through mutations in genes encoding chromatin modifiers involved in the epigenetic regulation of these elements. Although largely overlooked so far in the functional annotation of the human genome, satellite elements play key roles in its architectural and topological organization. This includes functions as boundary elements delimitating functional domains or assembly of repressive nuclear compartments, with local or distal impact on gene expression. Thus, the consideration of satellite repeats organization and their associated epigenetic landmarks, including DNA methylation (DNAme), will become unavoidable in the near future to fully decipher human phenotypes and associated diseases.

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