scholarly journals The loess quarries of the twentieth century in Khmelnytskyi city area: contemporary morphology and geomorphological processes

Author(s):  
Oksana Koltun

In contrast to the scrutiny to loess as deposits on one side and to open mines of minerals in rocks on the other side, loess quarries as landforms and as arena of contemporary human caused geomophologic processes became the object of study just recently. The article discusses features of 17 loess quarries in the Khmelnytskyi city area. They developed brick-tile raw materials in the twentieth century. Ten quarries locate on the banks of the Samets River and on its tributaries. Seven of them locate on the left bank of the Southern Bug River and on the banks and tributaries of Ploska River. The general morphological analysis, the revising of the XXth century topographic maps and the city plans, the geotechnical data analysis are the main methods, presented in research. Khmelnytskyi city territory is a set of Podolian Upland in east part, shaped in two bedrock layers of Upper Cretaceous (limestone) and Lower Neogene (clay), covered by Quaternary deposits and sediments, including loess-soils-series. The thickness of last reaches up to 30 m. Analysis of the geotechnical engineering data within highthickness loess-soil-series areas shows that the groundwater level location is from 3,5 to 20 m and deeper, most often is 7–11 m. These geological and hydrogeological features became the reason to the placement of loess open pits here. The depth of excavation in the mid-twentieth century was 2,5–21,5 m, area of 0,2–3,0 hectares. Subsequently, the area of three largest quarries increased to 10–30 hectares. In 2016 the highest height of ledges of former quarries is only 12 m. The dominant forms of initial stage contour were partially closed circular or oval; diameter (as well as the length of big axis or ledge) was 70–250 m. Except one working quarry at Pivnichnyi district the remaining 16 are closed since 1990 at the latest. The field research of ten quarries in April–June 2016 results in a leveling of morphological features, especially into low-rise buildings areas (seven out of ten). Terraces and benches or retaining walls are typical slope modification in four quarries (partly), flattering and slope stabilization using vegetation (trees) occur in nine quarries (also partly). Only those that use the territory for outdoor sports facilities and to a lesser extent – industrial zones have clearly expressed but still changed ledges. But less modified quarries have the landslides on the slopes of the height of 5 m and more, mainly south-faced. The types of landslides include earthflow, rotational and transitional landslides, spreads (rare) and one case of the anthropogenic debris flow in 1997 (caused by leakage and seepage of water from the water tower on the ridge of former quarry scarp, accompanied by other landslides types). In five quarries relatively old (20–40 years) and recent (up to week) landslides are detected, the biggest body has length of about 100 m. Slow earthflow was indicated by curved tree trunks in six quarries. The results of study of loess quarries of the twentieth century are similar to the earlier made findings about the morphology of loess quarries of the nineteenth century in Khmelnytskyi and geomorphological processes occurred on them. Key words: loess quarry, artificial terrain, terrain morphology, landslides, geomorphological processes, Khmelnytskyi City.

Author(s):  
Andriy Bogucki ◽  
Olena Tomeniuk ◽  
Roman Dmytruk ◽  
Andriy Yatsyshyn

On the left bank of the Dnister River between the villages of Mezhyhirtsi and Dubivtsi (Halych district, Ivano-Frankivsk region, Ukraine) there are several large mechanized quarries, where raw materials (marl, limestone, gypsum) are mined for PJSC “Ivano-Frankivsk Cement”. It is quarries of limestones and marls of Dubivtsi Suite of the Upper Cretaceous in a lower part of a slope, and gypsum of Tyrassian Suite of the Neogene nearly in a watershed. The amplitude of maximum points of the relief above the Dnister River bed reaches 145 m and it varies in the range of 50-60 m above the oldest terraces of the Dnister River (Loyeva level), which are developed on it right bank (Dnister-Lukva interfluve). Well stratified thick (more than 20 m) Pleistocene loess-soil sequence covering almost all the Brunhes palaeomagnetic chron developed over the gypsum. In particular, it is worth noting that the covering series of sediments in the Mezhyhirtsi section does not lie on the alluvium of the Dnister, but directly on the bedrocks, i.e. outside the Dnister valley. The first general description of the Pleistocene loess-soil series in the Mezhyhirtsi section is given and the fossil malacofauna found in a number of horizons and sub-horizons is presented. There are almost all the stratigraphic horizons of the Pleistocene (from the upper horizon of the Upper Pleistocene loesses (MIS 2) to the palaeosol complex of Zahvizdia (MIS 17-21) and the sediments, which it was formed on) in the section. It is reasoned that the Mezhyhirtsi section requires a comprehensive study. It may become a key section for the Pleistocene of Halych-Dnister region – an area with a well-developed complex of Dnister terraces, a number of Upper and Middle Palaeolithic sites (Mezhyhirtsi, Yezupil I-IX, Kolodiiv, Mariampil I, V, Halych I, II and many others). There are many interdisciplinary studied sections of the Pleistocene deposits (for instance, the Kolodiiv section with a fossil Eem (Horokhiv) peatland or the Halych section with a 50-meter thick covering loess-soil series on the fifth (Halych) terrace of the Dnister River) in the region. The Mezhyhirtsi section is important because it contains the oldest part of the section of the Pleistocene in the Halych-Dnister region, as well as a few palaeobasins (above the Korshiv and Zahvizdia palaeosol complexes), the study of which may provide many new data for reconstruction of the palaeogeographical conditions of the Pleistocene within the Dnister valley and beyond it. Key words: Pleistocene, loess-soil series, key section, palaeobasin, the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary, Halych-Dnister region.


Author(s):  
Vike Martina Plock

By looking at Jean Rhys’s ‘Left Bank’ fiction (Quartet, After Leaving Mr Mackenzie, Good Morning, Midnight, ‘Illusion’, ‘Mannequin’), this chapter investigates how new operational procedures such as Fordism and Taylorism, which were introduced into the French couture industry at the beginning of the twentieth century, affected constructions of modern femininity. Increasingly standardized images of feminine types were produced by Paris couturiers while the new look of the Flapper seemingly advertised women’s expanding social, political and professional mobility. Rhys, this chapter argues, noted fashion’s ability to provide resources for creative image construction but she simultaneously expressed criticism of its tendency to standardize female costumes and behaviour. Ultimately, Rhys demonstrates in her fiction that the radically modern couture of the early twentieth century was by no means the maker of social change and women’s political modernity. To offset the increased standardization of female images that she witnessed around her, Rhys created heroines and texts that relied on an overt display on difference.  


Author(s):  
SAFITRI NURHIDAYATI ◽  
RIZKI AMELYA SYAM

This study aims to analyze whether the difference that occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor, and factory overhead costs between the standard costs and the actual costs in PLTU LATI is a difference that is favorable or unfavorable. Data collection techniques with field research and library research. The analytical tool used is the analysis of the difference in raw material costs, the difference in direct labor costs and the difference in factory overhead costs. The hypothesis in this study is that the difference allegedly occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb is a favorable difference. The results showed that the difference in the cost of producing MWh electricity at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb in 2018, namely the difference in the price of raw material costs Rp. 548,029.80, - is favorable, the difference in quantity of raw materials is Rp. 957,216,602, - is (favorable) , the difference in direct labor costs Rp 2,602,642,084, - is (unfavorable), and the difference in factory overhead costs Rp 8,807,051,422, - is (favorable) This shows that the difference in the overall production cost budget is favorable or profitable. This beneficial difference shows that the company is really able to reduce production costs optimally in 2018.  


Lituanistica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Mardosa

The article deals with Evangelical Lutheran baptism in the Tauragė District in the second half of the twentieth century. The author gives an overview of a historical perspective of the Evangelical Lutherans in the district of Tauragė and introduces the features of the liturgical development of the Christian and Evangelical Lutheran sacrament of baptism and the basis of folk baptism. Ethnographic field research material and ethnological investigation are the primary material sources of this study. With the help of research material, the structure of the traditional Evangelical Lutheran Baptism in the Tauragė district is shown, with emphasis on the preparatory actions of baptism granting the Sacrament of the Baptism, and baptismal feasts. The author maintains that the essence of baptism of the Lithuanian Evangelical Lutherans is a common human ground, and because of that ground common features with the customs of the Catholic baptism are found. The customs of the ceremonies of Lutheran and Catholic baptism share many common points in the perspective of folk devotion.In the Tauragė district, traditional Evangelical Lutheran baptismal rituals of the first half of the twentieth century have the following specific features: a twoday baptismal feast, decoration of baptismal clothes in myrtles, a baby carrier participating without the presence of the godparents in the granting of the Sacrament of Baptism and specific customs of the welcoming of the baptized infant. Changes in baptism took place in the second half of the twentieth century. The atheist ideology of the Soviet period and changes in people’s lifestyle influenced the disappearance of some specific aspects of baptism, while others remained as a fact of ethno-cultural memory. The significance of entertainment in the ceremony has increased, the age of baptized infants has extended, the ritual position of the baby carrier and the tradition of decorating the baptism covering with myrtles have disappeared, and the parents of the infant, like guests, became only participants in the baptism ceremony in the church. After Lithuania regained its independence, the traditional structure of the baptism has remained, but the aspect of folk piety in baptism has shrunk due to the absence of magic practices.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Субботин

В статье излагаются результаты инструментальной съемки и шурфовки на раннесредневековом городище, выявленном в начале 1970-х гг. Х. Х. Биджиевым. Городище и связанное с ним селище занимают высокое мысовое плато над каньоном левого берега р. Кумы в Карачаево-Черкесии. Площадь укрепленного городища – 4 га, селища – немногим меньше. С трех сторон городище абсолютно неприступно, с четвертой, западной, надежно защищено высоким валом и глубоким рвом. На городище и селище зафиксирован ряд западин, которые, скорее всего, являются заросшими остатками построек. Содержимое шести шурфов – каменные развалы фундаментов (?) строений и фрагменты сосудов. Керамика может быть датирована VII–X вв. н. э. Памятник являлся одним из звеньев в цепи достаточно известных (несколько десятков) укрепленных крепостей данного времени в предгорьях и горах Северного Кавказа. Строительство сети сложных оборонительных сооружений свидетельствует о высокой строительной культуре и социальной дифференциации общества в это время. The article presents the results of instrumental surveys and pitting at an early medieval site, identified in the early 1970s by Kh.Kh. Bidzhiev. The investigated site and the settlement associated with it occupy a high cape plateau above the canyon of the left bank of the river Kuma in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. The object of study is located in 2.4 km south-west of the southern outskirts of the village Krasnovostochny. The area of the fortified site is 4 hectares, the area of the settlement is slightly less. On three sides, this site is absolutely impregnable. On the forth western side,on its western slope, it is reliably protected by a rampart of up to 6 to 7 m high and a moat of1 to 2 m deep. On the outside of the southern part of the rampart, a small outcrop of masonry constructed of the large blocks of limestone formed in the dry stone wall was discovered. The gates to the site were most likely located on the northern side of the rampart, in the place where a slight decrease was discovered, not at the southern end of the rampart (according to Bidzhiev) because no sign of an entrance was found there. The site revealed several shallow depressions of a sub-square, sub-rectangular or oval shape with a noticeable roller along the contour. There are at least 7 such depressions in the sectional area from 8 to 15 m. Probably, these depressions are the overgrown remains of the foundations of some buildings in the central part of the site. The content of 6 pits made on the territory of the site and the settlement are stone remains of the foundations (?) of ancient buildings and fragments of vessels. The collection of ceramics consists of medium-sized fragments of the walls of pottery (?) vessels, or vessels that are corrected on a wheel. The ceramics are diverse in the color of clay, density of the paste, firing, and impurities. According to the character, paste and collar shapes, ceramics can be dated to the last third of the 1st millennium AD, which does not contradict the opinion of the site’s discoverer on this issue (7th to 10th cent. AD). The examined site was one of the links in the main chain of fairly widely known (several dozen) fortified stone fortresses of this time in the foothills and mountains of the North Caucasus. Specialists know more than 130 similar stone sites, sometimes located in groups in the foothills and mountainous regions: settlements with defensive stone walls. Such small fortresses were built every 2 to 3 km along the tip of the cape above the river. The construction of a network of complex defensive structures indicates a high building culture and a social differentiation of society at the time.


Author(s):  
Olesya Yaremchuk

This article studies the use of field research as an anthropological tool in literary reportage which is a comprehensive element of the creation of journalistic content. Based on the examples of journalistic texts of the 20s by the Austrian writer Joseph Roth, we have analyzed the anthropological methods which were used by this author in his reportages, that is the main objective of this study. Using diachronic comparison, qualitative method and content analysis to evaluate and to explain the concept of Joseph Roth’s texts, as well as the methodology of textual, syntagmatic (by Volodymyr Propp) and paradigmatic analysis (by Claude Levi-Strauss), we have examined the generated meanings in the texts of the mentioned author. As a result of the study, we have identified four methods that Joseph Roth used writing his news reportages in the 1920s, including “In Midday France” and “White Cities”. Those methods are as follows: overt observation, in-depth interviews, fixing details and gaining empirical experience. The modern authors call these methods as classic ones, without which it is impossible to work in this genre. As we have seen from the examples of literary reportages of the French cycle by Joseph Roth, the anthropological tools used by this author for his works contributed to deepening and improving the quality of his texts which is of great significance for our study. Joseph Roth created a panoramic picture of the twentieth century in his texts through watching, communicating and studing. However, it is worth to add that he was often too subjective, suffering harsh criticism for this.


Owner ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-143
Author(s):  
Eka Pratiwi Septania Parapat ◽  
Kisno Kisno

 The purpose of this study was to determine the financial condition based on liquidity ratio, solvency ratio, and profitability ratios in the PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BP R)KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN Siantar in the years 2013  – 2015.  Field research method by approaching directly to the company that became the object of study. Book study library to research conducted by several scientific books and papers relating to discussion conducted.  The total assets in  2013 were Rp. 20.405.837.239 and increased in 2014 to Rp. 21.845.491.637, and in 2015 also increased to at  Rp.  24.383.506.204.  In  2013  the number of sales of  Rp.3.527.453.681 the company makes a profit of Rp. 386.631.825.  In 2014  sales increased to as much Rp. 3.820.802.620 with profit Rp. 440.536.679 and also increased from the previous year. In 2015 the company sales increased much Rp. 4.127.157.198, and makes a profit of Rp. 504.013.708


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascual Cortés Pellicer ◽  
Faustino Alarcón Valero

Purpose: The increase in social awareness, politics and environmental regulation, the scarcity of raw materials and the desired “green” image, are some of the reasons that lead companies to decide for implement processes of Reverse Logistics (RL). At the time when incorporate new RL processes as key business processes, new and important decisions need to be made. Identification and knowledge of these decisions, including the information available and the implications for the company or supply chain, will be fundamental for decision-makers to achieve the best results. In the present work, the main types of RL decisions are identified.Design/methodology/approach: This paper is based on the analysis of mathematical models designed as tools to aid decision making in the field of RL. Once the types of interest work to be analyzed are defined, those studies that really deal about the object of study are searched and analyzed. The decision variables that are taken at work are identified and grouped according to the type of decision and, finally, are showed the main types of decisions used in mathematical models developed in the field of RL.    Findings: The principal conclusion of the research is that the most commonly addressed decisions with mathematical models in the field of RL are those related to the network’s configuration, followed by tactical/operative decisions such as the selections of product’s treatments to realize and the policy of returns or prices, among other decisions.Originality/value: The identification of the main decisions types of the reverse logistics will allow the managers of these processes to know and understand them better, while offer an integrated vision of them, favoring the achievement of better results. 


2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Schilbrack

At the end of the twentieth century, scholars in the academic study of religion made what we might call “the reflexive turn,” in that they picked up the tools of genealogy, deconstruction, and post-colonial studies and they began in earnest to reflect critically on their own conceptual categories. Where did the very concept of “religion” come from? Whose interests are served by this apparently modern, European, and Christian way of categorizing practices? One way to think about the effect of the reflexive turn is to think of the conceptual vocabulary in religious studies as a window or lens through which scholars had previously been examining the world. What had been taken as natural and transparent now becomes itself the object of study. Richard King calls this “the Copernican turn,” that is, as he nicely puts it, a turn to focus on the representation that makes the object possible rather than the object that makes the representation possible. The goal of this turn is to “denaturalize” the concept of religion (King, 1). The reflexive or Copernican turn, in my judgment, is a crucial aspect of social inquiry that scholars of religion should not ignore. But it clearly leads to the question: once one denaturalizes the concept of “religion,” what does the academic study of religion study?


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Еvgenia Еvgenevna FROLOVA ◽  
Sergey Sergeevich ZANKOVSKY ◽  
Mihail Nikolaevich DUDIN ◽  
Sergey Borisovich ZINKOVSKY ◽  
Aleksey Nickolaevich KIRSANOV

The purpose of the present article is to analyze the experience of advanced development of two Asian countries (Japan and China) based on the use of economic breakthrough concepts. The object of study in this article concerns developed and developing countries, as well as transition countries, while research subject involves concepts and models of breakthrough economic reforms in Japan and China. Through the use of several analytical methods (comparative legal and institutional analysis, economic and statistical analysis, and content analysis) we have come up to the following conclusions: economic breakthrough of contemporary developed countries is obviously linked with the technologization as well as modernization of the national production, and economic diversification; developed countries (European Union, North America, and Asia) have established special institutional frameworks (national innovation systems), which allowed creating a competitive product demanded on both the internal and external market, and increasing labor productivity through improving the quality of the workforce (social investment);there are definitely certain similarities in the economic progress of China and Japan (essential involvement of the state in economic processes), however, at the same time these countries are differed by their institutional platforms (in particular, China is open to investment, while Japan focuses on the domestic financial market and the labor market).Results: considering the applicability of economic breakthrough models of Japan and China in relation to Russia, we should note that such models cannot be simply copied to the Russian market without changes (for example, due to the underdeveloped national financial market and insufficient investment attractiveness). Therefore, we suggest in future studies to develop a number of system solutions, which can be used to diversify the Russian raw materials export-based economic model.


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