scholarly journals Watershed Pleistocene loess-soil cover in the Mezhyhirtsi section (Halych-Dnister region)

2018 ◽  
pp. 342-357
Author(s):  
Andriy Bogucki ◽  
Olena Tomeniuk ◽  
Roman Dmytruk ◽  
Andriy Yatsyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
General Description ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Comprehensive Study

On the left bank of the Dnister River between the villages of Mezhyhirtsi and Dubivtsi (Halych district, Ivano-Frankivsk region, Ukraine) there are several large mechanized quarries, where raw materials (marl, limestone, gypsum) are mined for PJSC “Ivano-Frankivsk Cement”. It is quarries of limestones and marls of Dubivtsi Suite of the Upper Cretaceous in a lower part of a slope, and gypsum of Tyrassian Suite of the Neogene nearly in a watershed. The amplitude of maximum points of the relief above the Dnister River bed reaches 145 m and it varies in the range of 50-60 m above the oldest terraces of the Dnister River (Loyeva level), which are developed on it right bank (Dnister-Lukva interfluve). Well stratified thick (more than 20 m) Pleistocene loess-soil sequence covering almost all the Brunhes palaeomagnetic chron developed over the gypsum. In particular, it is worth noting that the covering series of sediments in the Mezhyhirtsi section does not lie on the alluvium of the Dnister, but directly on the bedrocks, i.e. outside the Dnister valley. The first general description of the Pleistocene loess-soil series in the Mezhyhirtsi section is given and the fossil malacofauna found in a number of horizons and sub-horizons is presented. There are almost all the stratigraphic horizons of the Pleistocene (from the upper horizon of the Upper Pleistocene loesses (MIS 2) to the palaeosol complex of Zahvizdia (MIS 17-21) and the sediments, which it was formed on) in the section. It is reasoned that the Mezhyhirtsi section requires a comprehensive study. It may become a key section for the Pleistocene of Halych-Dnister region – an area with a well-developed complex of Dnister terraces, a number of Upper and Middle Palaeolithic sites (Mezhyhirtsi, Yezupil I-IX, Kolodiiv, Mariampil I, V, Halych I, II and many others). There are many interdisciplinary studied sections of the Pleistocene deposits (for instance, the Kolodiiv section with a fossil Eem (Horokhiv) peatland or the Halych section with a 50-meter thick covering loess-soil series on the fifth (Halych) terrace of the Dnister River) in the region. The Mezhyhirtsi section is important because it contains the oldest part of the section of the Pleistocene in the Halych-Dnister region, as well as a few palaeobasins (above the Korshiv and Zahvizdia palaeosol complexes), the study of which may provide many new data for reconstruction of the palaeogeographical conditions of the Pleistocene within the Dnister valley and beyond it. Key words: Pleistocene, loess-soil series, key section, palaeobasin, the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary, Halych-Dnister region.

scholarly journals Research of holocene soils in the territory of the National historical and cultural reserve "Hetman's capital" in Baturyn, Chernihiv region

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Zhanna Matviishyna
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Short Period ◽  
High Terrace ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Humus Horizons ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Nowadays, cultural monuments deserve increasing attention. A comprehensive study of archeological complexes enables us to more accurately reproduce the conditions of formation and evolution of ancient society. In recent decades, archaeological sites have been investigated using archeology and paleogeography methods to reconstruct the character of landscape changes in the study area. Among such historical and archeological complexes is the famous city of Baturin, which holds a special place for deep and comprehensive study. Less than half a century later, having traveled from a small outpost on the northeastern border of the Commonwealth to the hetman's capital, Baturin died in the flames of the Northern War in the same short period of time. Tragedy of 1708 made Baturin not only a national shrine, but also a reference archaeological monument of the Cossack era, a cultural layer whose level of saturation and informativeness is unmatched. The inter-river basin of the Desna and the Seimas, which is geographically included in the Baturin Family, is one of the most important watersheds of the Dnieper North Left Bank, and the Seim River itself is a kind of natural border between the forest-steppe and forest zones. The territory where Baturin originated had a number of significant advantages. Baturin is located on the edge of the high terrace of the Diet. It is the only such elevated area of the left bank terrace of the Diet in its lower stream, which allowed to control virtually all of its basin. ancient times, which, combined with the wide floodplain of the Seimas with its opportunities for the development of livestock, fishing, hunting, created optimal conditions for economic activity of the population. During paleopedological research it was established that in the territory of the study in the catenary of soils with artifacts of the Bronze Age developed soils of meadow and forest-meadow genesis with well-formed humus horizons close to meadow-sod and alluvial-sod zones of temperate, but temperate climate. In the clearing of the shaft, the findings of the early Iron Age are confined to the surface of the humus horizon of the sod of slightly podzolic soils, formed in the conditions of meadow-steppe landscapes of temperate climate, less humid than the modern (background) soil. In the XVII-XVIII centuries. In the Polissya conditions, meadow-forest landscapes became widespread. In the soils on the high grass meadows there were conditions for the accumulation of organic matter, which made it possible to form well-defined humus horizons and the processes of sod genesis were quite pronounced. Turf-slightly podzolic ash-sandy sandy loamy and sandy soils of the XVII-XVIII centuries had well-defined humus horizons, and often were deeply humus, which provided for their agricultural use with ease of machining. The proximity of a fairly powerful river, as well as the spread of forests (as timber for business purposes), increased the possibility of comfortable living conditions in this area. In the XVIII-XX centuries. Opportunities for cultivation of soils with fertilizers have emerged and soils of clearing № 5,7,8 are characterized by high and deep (almost all over the profile) humus. They are an example of human influence on the cultivation of land and landscapes. In the floodplains, alluvial-marsh silt soils, enriched with the content of Fe and Mn hydroxides, often formed the basis for the development of iron-smelting production in the territories close to Baturin. In the low and high floodplains of the Diet, the formation of sediments was associated with alluvial processes (floods, alluvial sands) and aerial ones (sands, dunes). Among modern Baturin soils (background), typical sod-medium- and highly podzolic, as opposed to the predominance of slightly podzolic sod, aszed alluvial-meadow and alluvial-sod soils are identified. The terraces are characterized by the development of sod, sod-alluvial and sod-swamp soils (the latter on floodplains).

scholarly journals The loess quarries of the twentieth century in Khmelnytskyi city area: contemporary morphology and geomorphological processes

2016 ◽  
pp. 208-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Koltun
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
City Area ◽  
Outdoor Sports ◽  
Geomorphological Processes ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Industrial Zones

In contrast to the scrutiny to loess as deposits on one side and to open mines of minerals in rocks on the other side, loess quarries as landforms and as arena of contemporary human caused geomophologic processes became the object of study just recently. The article discusses features of 17 loess quarries in the Khmelnytskyi city area. They developed brick-tile raw materials in the twentieth century. Ten quarries locate on the banks of the Samets River and on its tributaries. Seven of them locate on the left bank of the Southern Bug River and on the banks and tributaries of Ploska River. The general morphological analysis, the revising of the XXth century topographic maps and the city plans, the geotechnical data analysis are the main methods, presented in research. Khmelnytskyi city territory is a set of Podolian Upland in east part, shaped in two bedrock layers of Upper Cretaceous (limestone) and Lower Neogene (clay), covered by Quaternary deposits and sediments, including loess-soils-series. The thickness of last reaches up to 30 m. Analysis of the geotechnical engineering data within highthickness loess-soil-series areas shows that the groundwater level location is from 3,5 to 20 m and deeper, most often is 7–11 m. These geological and hydrogeological features became the reason to the placement of loess open pits here. The depth of excavation in the mid-twentieth century was 2,5–21,5 m, area of 0,2–3,0 hectares. Subsequently, the area of three largest quarries increased to 10–30 hectares. In 2016 the highest height of ledges of former quarries is only 12 m. The dominant forms of initial stage contour were partially closed circular or oval; diameter (as well as the length of big axis or ledge) was 70–250 m. Except one working quarry at Pivnichnyi district the remaining 16 are closed since 1990 at the latest. The field research of ten quarries in April–June 2016 results in a leveling of morphological features, especially into low-rise buildings areas (seven out of ten). Terraces and benches or retaining walls are typical slope modification in four quarries (partly), flattering and slope stabilization using vegetation (trees) occur in nine quarries (also partly). Only those that use the territory for outdoor sports facilities and to a lesser extent – industrial zones have clearly expressed but still changed ledges. But less modified quarries have the landslides on the slopes of the height of 5 m and more, mainly south-faced. The types of landslides include earthflow, rotational and transitional landslides, spreads (rare) and one case of the anthropogenic debris flow in 1997 (caused by leakage and seepage of water from the water tower on the ridge of former quarry scarp, accompanied by other landslides types). In five quarries relatively old (20–40 years) and recent (up to week) landslides are detected, the biggest body has length of about 100 m. Slow earthflow was indicated by curved tree trunks in six quarries. The results of study of loess quarries of the twentieth century are similar to the earlier made findings about the morphology of loess quarries of the nineteenth century in Khmelnytskyi and geomorphological processes occurred on them. Key words: loess quarry, artificial terrain, terrain morphology, landslides, geomorphological processes, Khmelnytskyi City.

Microbiological analysis of popular spreads used in restaurants inside Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Tasnia Ahmed ◽  
Md Aftab Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Acceptable Result ◽  
Fast Foods ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Almost All

Spreads are used widely for making the fast foods more amazing and tasty. Varieties and cross combinations of ingredients are used to make many flavours of fast foods. Different restaurants prepare their signature spreads for attracting people but this can cause opposite result if not prepared using high quality raw materials and proper hygienic conditions are not maintained. Current study was conducted on ten different types of spreads (pesto, cilantro, queso, tomato sauce, peanut butter, honey, mustard, cream cheese, chocolate sauce and butter) which are used by the local restaurants in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Almost all the samples (nine out of ten) harbored total viable bacteria exceeding the standard limit. Four spread samples showed high fungal count (102 cfu/gm). Four samples showed to be positive (˃101/ml recommended acceptable count) for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. which indicates that these spread cannot be recommended for public consumption. Among all the samples examined, only chocolate sauce showed acceptable result without the presence of coliforms, Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. This finding suggests proper maintenance of sanitation in spread preparation and selling area. A proper guidelines and monitoring can help keep up the quality of food additives. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 16-19

Humus state of chernozem at different ways of tillage in the agrosystems of the left-bank forest steppe of Ukraine

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
O. Demydenko ◽  
V. Velychko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Soil Resources ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Humus Accumulation ◽  
By Products ◽  
The Way

The contemporary condition of soil cover in Ukraine is characterized. The attention is focused onto widespread degradation processes in soils. The causes that determine the development of these negative processes are considered. The contemporary informational support for the condition of soil cover in Ukraine is estimated. In general, the current available information is of narrow-departmental nature, obtained by different methods and non-correlated monitoring programs. As a rule, it is stored in under-structured databases, incompatible with other information systems; mainly recorded on paper media unusable with modern technologies, whereby such information resources are diffi cult to be compiled together. These disadvantages are strong constraints against consistent usage of materials for evaluation, forecast and management of changes in the soil cover. The Soil Observation program should thereby be combined with Agrochemical Passportization and ecology-ameliora- tive monitoring; in other words, the application of innovative soil-agrochemical methodology is considered. Each individual type of surveys shall complement the others, and taken altogether, they shall constitute a con- sistent Information System, capable of solving the problems of assessing the condition, forecasting, manage- ment, usage and protection of soil resources. The monitoring procedures should be conducted on the basis of a new soil concept in line with unifi ed programs and methods, so as to meet European approaches to the maxi- mum extent. Such a technical composition enables getting information on present-day processes in soils, and is the only combination that actually helps us to “ecologize” our knowledge of soils, which is the leading trend in the scope of global soil-science. Thus obtained results will serve as a State-owned tool which would subse- quently facilitate the use and protection of soil resources all over the country, to be involved in a united global soil-information scope. The attention is focused onto social signifi cance of the information on soils and their fertility in terms of land resources optimization, as well as the formation of sustainable land use in Ukraine. Aim. To demonstrate the long-term effect of different ways of tillage of typical low-humus chernozem on the change in humus content and composition and the direction of transformation processes of organic fertili- zers. To study the changes in the structure of energy reserves in group and fractional composition of humus in typical low-humus light-loamy chernozem of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, microbiological, computational, mathematical and statistical. Results. It was determined that in conditions of long-term subsurface tillage the most effi cient humus accumulation occurs in the 0–20 cm layer of chernozem with simultaneous increase in its content in the lower part of the processed layer without any accumulation differentiation. Surface tillage leads to expressed differentiation in humus accumulation in the 0–20 cm layer of soil (0.005 % per year). When 6 t/ha of humus are replaced by 7 t/ha of by-products the intensity of humus accumulation is decreasing regardless of the way of tillage, but humus accumulation was found to be the most effi cient for subsurface tillage. The application of subsurface tillage leads to the increase in the ratio of C HA : C FA , which is conditioned by the increase in the humifi cation of plant remains of by-products in the 0−20 cm layer of soil by 110–112 % – for subsurface tillage, and by 105 % – for surface tillage. Conclusions. It was established that systematic subsurface tillage of typical chernozem of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine leads to the structuring both of the total reserves of energy С org , and its quality content, aimed at the increase in the intensity of the processes of humifi cation and accumulation of organic carbon, and the decrease in miner- alization. The ratio of energy reserves С org of humic acids to fulvic acids in the 0−30 cm layer of chernozem is 1.85−1.87 regardless of the way of tillage, which testifi es to the repeatability of humus accumulation, but the total reserves of energy С org was higher for subsurface tillage (+ 31 Teracalorie/ha) compared to deep plough- ing. As for the surface tillage, the energy enrichment was at the level of deep ploughing.

scholarly journals The Development of Digital in the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Digna R. Nahak
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Asian Development Bank ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Micro And Small Enterprises ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The global Covid-19 pandemic that has plagued all countries of the world has affect all sectors of people's lives. In Indonesia, almost all sectors experience impacts, especially the economic ecosystem which has been become the focus of society. Furthermore, the Covid-19 pandemic has made the slowdown in the economic sector in Indonesia with its various derivatives. The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector which is part of the most important sector of the economy is very important feel. This is what worried by all parties, because it has made the MSME sector experienced a significant decline. Moreover, currently many MSMEs are experiencing various problems such as: decrease in sales, capital, hampered distribution, difficulty in raw materials, decreased production and the occurrence of many layoffs for workers and hunting which later became a threat to the national economy. MSMEs as a driver of the domestic economy and a middle labor absorber face a decline in productivity which results in a decrease in profits significant. Even based on the related Asian Development Bank (ADB) survey, the impact of the pandemic on MSMEs in Indonesia, 88% of micro businesses run out of cash or savings, and more than 60% of these micro and small enterprises have reduced their workforce work.

scholarly journals The annual International Scientific School on Paleopedology for Young researchers in Siberia: "Paleosols as source of information about past environments" (2010–2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I. Dergacheva ◽  
Alexander O. Makeev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
The Past ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Young Researchers

The article presents information about of the work of the International Scientific School on Paleopedology for Young Researchers. This school was conducted for ten years in Siberia in the Altai region, where unique Pleistocene loess-soil series are common and paleosoil horizons and modern soils are present simultaneously in one and the same soil profile. For ten years leading Russian and foreign scientists gave lectures both on fundamental theoretical and applied issues of paleopedology, as well as on a number of topical issues of related sciences, conducted master classes on the basic methods of field study of paleosols, and young researchers discussed their ideas and results. The article lists the main themes of the lectures/ naming Russian and foreign scientists who read them. It also informs about the monograph “Paleosols, the natural environment and methods for their diagnosis”, based on selected lectures at the School from its start until 2014 and published in Russian. Other selected lectures were published in two languages (Russian and English) in the series “Paleosols – a source of information about the Past environment”. The aricle draws attention to the key site "Volodarka" as being of great importance not only for conducting field master classes, but also as a convenient training ground for scientific research, since there occur various soil environment that can serve as models created by nature itself.

scholarly journals Obtaining artificial carnallites from magnesium chloride brines

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
V. V. Shevchuk ◽  
T. N. Potkina ◽  
A. I. Vaitenka ◽  
O. V. Smetanina
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Chloride Solutions ◽  
Excess Concentration ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Complete Precipitation

The excess of magnesium chloride brines is formed during the polymineral ores processing in order to obtain potassium sulfate. One way to regenerate such brines is to produce artificial carnallite. It is necessary to purify these brines from sulfates for their further use as raw materials for the artificial carnallite production. In this work, the process of desulfurization of magnesium chloride brines with a solution of calcium chloride is studied. The temperature and the processing time, the magnesium chloride solutions concentration and the consumption of desulfurizing agent (calcium chloride) influence on the degree of magnesium chloride solutions purification from sulfate ions was determined. It has been established that almost all sulfate ions interact with calcium ion in 15 minutes and the desulfurization degree reaches 98,08 %. The increase in duration of the suspension mixing is necessary in order to establish equilibrium in the system and relieve the supersaturation in the solution. It has been shown that with increasing solutions saturation with MgCl2, the degree of the magnesium chloride brines purification from SO4 2– ion increases. Complete precipitation of calcium sulfate requires a certain excess concentration of calcium chloride.

Synthesis of NPK fertilizer from low-grade phosphate raw material

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anar Kareeva ◽  
Uilesbek Besterekov ◽  
Perizat Abdurazova ◽  
Ulzhalgas Nazarbek ◽  
Irina Pochitalkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Graphical Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Phosphate Raw Material ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract The article presents the results of studies of the process of obtaining NPK fertilizer from low-grade phosphate raw materials with P2O5 of about 18%. Phosphate raw materials were leached with a mixture of nitric-phosphoric acids with the addition of potassium carbonate, which serves as a source of potassium in the final product. The main parameters determined were the content of the main nutrients P2O5:N:K2O, temperature and time of the leaching process. According to the graphical method, the “apparent” activation energy of the heterogeneous process is found, which is equal to 3.8 kJ/mol indicates the intradiffusion nature of the process. Methods of chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy and XRD analysis were used for a comprehensive study of raw materials and final products.

Percussive-Abrasive Stone Tools from Chagyrskaya Cave: Results of Functional Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
M. V. Seletsky ◽  
A. Y. Fedorchenko ◽  
P. V. Chistyakov ◽  
S. V. Markin ◽  
K. A. Kolobova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Lithic Assemblage ◽  
Wear Analysis ◽  
Use Wear ◽  
Experimental Use ◽  
Abrasive Stone ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Reference Samples ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This article presents a comprehensive study of percussive-abrasive active stone tools from Chagyrskaya Cave, using experimental use-wear and statistical methods, supplemented by 3D-modeling. Experiments combined with use- wear analysis allowed us to determine the functions of these tools by comparing the working surfaces and use-wear traces in the Chagyrskaya samples with those in the reference samples. As a result, we identified 19 retouchers, four hammerstones for processing mineral raw materials, and one hammer for splitting bone, which indicates the dominance of secondary processing over primary knapping in the Chagyrskaya lithic assemblage. Using statistical analysis, we traced the differences in the dimensions of the manuports and lithics under study. These artifacts are a promising and underestimated source of information for identifying working operations associated with stone- and bone-processing; moreover, they can provide new data on the functional attribution of sites and the mobility of early hominins.

A Society against Ugliness

2020 ◽  
pp. 200-217
Author(s):  
Anton Howes
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Private Company ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Great Exhibition

This chapter examines the Great Exhibition of 1851, which is considered an industrial audit of the world that included exhibits from Britain's empire and other foreign nations. It talks about the East India Company, a private company that exercised control over almost all of the Indian subcontinent that provided displays of the products of India in the Great Exhibition. It also explains the aim of the Great Exhibition, which was to reveal to merchants and manufacturers in Britain the kinds of raw materials that might be imported for Englishmen to work upon. The chapter highlights the Royal Society of Arts' activities over the previous century, which focused on the spread of information instead of awarding premiums for exploiting new resources. It describes how the products of Britain's colonies brought attention to merchants and manufacturers in Britain itself.

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