scholarly journals Prinsip Epistemologi Makrifat dalam Tasawuf Bagi Penguatan Karakter

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Nunu Burhanuddin

<p><em>This paper elaborates the concept of knowledge according to the Sufis through the concept of makrifat, which is hierarchically achieved through a process of soul purification (</em>tazkiyah al-nafs<em>). From this process is born awareness of the oneness of Allah, the Most Absolute, which involves the potential of the senses and reason. The research in this article uses the literature study method of Sufism written by Sufis, especially when discussing the subject of makrifat. Such as the works of </em>Rasâil al-Junaid<em> by Al-Junaid al-Baghdadi, </em>Ihya 'Ulum al-Din<em> by Abu Hâmid al-Ghazali, and </em>Kitab al-Zuhud<em> by Ahmad bin Hanbal. The results showed that there are epistemological principles in the science of Sufism (</em>makrifat<em>) that can lead to the acquisition of rational knowledge that is integrated with righteous deeds and the formation of character. These epistemological principles are in the form of liberation of ego, superego, and lust, principles of piety and sincerity, principles of faith that guarantee the functionalization of reason, and principles of revelation that ratify empirical, rational, and intuitive knowledge. These epistemological principles are seen as relevant for the creation of character education and complete human action.</em></p><p> </p><p>Tulisan ini mengelaborasi konsep pengetahuan menurut para sufi melalui konsep makrifat, yang secara hirarkis dicapai melalui proses penyucian jiwa <em>(tazkiyah al-nafs)</em>.<em> </em>Dari<em> </em>proses<em> </em>ini<em> </em>lahirlah kesadaran akan keesaan Allah Yang Maha Absolut yang melibatkan potensi inderawi dan rasio. Penelitian dalam artikel ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan atas karya-karya tasawuf yang ditulis oleh para sufi, khususnya ketika membahas perihal makrifat. Seperti karya <em>Rasâil al-Junaid </em>oleh Al-Junaid al-Baghdadi<em>, Ihya ‘Ulum al-Din </em>oleh Abu Hâmid al-Ghazali, dan <em>Kitab al-Zuhud </em>oleh Ahmad bin Hanbal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat prinsip-prinsip epistemologi dalam ilmu tasawuf (makrifat) yang dapat mengantarkan kepada perolehan pengetahuan rasional yang terintegrasi dengan amal saleh dan terbentuknya karakter. Prinsip-prinsip epistemologis tersebut berupa pembebasan ego, super ego dan hawa nafsu, prinsip kesalehan dan kesungguhan, prinsip iman yang menjamin fungsionalisasi akal, serta prinsip kewahyuan yang meratifikasi pengetahuan empiris, rasional dan intuitif. Prinsip-prinsip epistemologis ini dipandang relevan bagi terciptanya pendidikan berkarakter dan tindakan paripurna manusia.</p>

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Tri Nurza Rahmawati

Absract- This article will explain and describe the opportunities for Social Sciences subjects in realizing multicultural-based education. In compiling this article, the authors used the literature study method is data collection techniques are carried out using books, and other literatures such as journals or articles related to the theme discussed. The results showed that multicultural-based education is education that must be realized in formal education in Indonesia, departing from the conditions of people in Indonesia who have a diversity of ethnicities, cultures, and religions. Seeing all subjects in the world of education at the junior high level, Social Sciences subjects have a very strategic position. This is based on aspects of the study in the subject of Social Sciences providing a gap in almost every material. Thus, the availability of the gap is expected to be used as fully as possible and as effectively as possible in incorporating multicultural values, for the creation of multicultural-based education.   Keyword: Social Sciences, Education, Multicultural   Abstrak- Artikel ini akan menjelaskan dan mendeskripsikan Peluang mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) dalam mewujudkan pendidikan yang berbasis multikultural. Dalam menyusun artikel ini, penulis menggunakan metode studi pustaka yaitu teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan buku-buku, dan literatur-literatur lainnya seperti jurnal ataupun artikel yang terkait dengan tema yang dibahas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan berbasis multikultural merupakan pendidikan yang harus diwujudkan dalam pendidikan formal di Indonesia, berangkat dari kondisi masyarakat di Indonesia yang memiliki keragaman suku bangsa, budaya, dan agama. Melihat semua mata pelajaran dalam dunia pendidikan ditingkat SMP, mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial memiliki kedudukan yang sangat strategis. Hal ini didasari aspek kajian dalam mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial menyediakan celah hampir disetiap materi. Dengan demikian, ketersediaan celah tersebut diharapakan mampu digunakan semaksimal mungkin dan seefektif mungkin dalam memasukkan nilai-nilai multikultural, guna terciptanya pendidikan yang berbasis multikultural.   Kata Kunci: Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, Pendidikan, Multikultural  


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusna Megawati Utari ◽  
Nana

Character education is interpreted as value education, character education, moral education, and behavioral education. Not many students have character that is not in accordance with the prevailing norms. With physics, students can change their mindset, one of them is through scientific attitude. Thus, this study aims to: (1) provide character education to students by using scientific attitudes as a reference (2) using the POE2WE learning model to provide a good example in student character education. In line with these objectives, this study uses literature study methods. Learning with the POE2WE model is one of the learning models that can help students to establish good and right character by building their own knowledge. In this discussion, namely in the subject of learning scientific attitudes that can educate good and true student character and use the POE2WE model.


2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Amanda Dennis

Lying in ditches, tromping through mud, wedged in urns, trash bins, buried in earth, bodies in Beckett appear anything but capable of acting meaningfully on their environments. Bodies in Beckett seem, rather, synonymous with abjection, brokenness, and passivity—as if the human were overcome by its materiality: odours, pain, foot sores, decreased mobility. To the extent that Beckett's personae act, they act vaguely (wandering) or engage in quasi-obsessive, repetitive tasks: maniacal rocking, rotating sucking stones and biscuits, uttering words evacuated of sense, ceaseless pacing. Perhaps the most vivid dramatization of bodies compelled to meaningless, repetitive movement is Quad (1981), Beckett's ‘ballet’ for television, in which four bodies in hooded robes repeat their series ad infinitum. By 1981, has all possibility for intentional action in Beckett been foreclosed? Are we doomed, as Hamm puts it, to an eternal repetition of the same? (‘Moments for nothing, now as always, time was never and time is over, reckoning closed and story ended.’)This article proposes an alternative reading of bodily abjection, passivity and compulsivity in Beckett, a reading that implies a version of agency more capacious than voluntarism. Focusing on Quad as an illustrative case, I show how, if we shift our focus from the body's diminished possibilities for movement to the imbrication of Beckett's personae in environments (a mound of earth), things, and objects, a different story emerges: rather than dramatizing the impossibility of action, Beckett's work may sketch plans for a more ecological, post-human version of agency, a more collaborative mode of ‘acting’ that eases the divide between the human, the world of inanimate objects, and the earth.Movements such as new materialism and object-oriented ontology challenge hierarchies among subjects, objects and environments, questioning the rigid distinction between animate and inanimate, and the notion of the Anthropocene emphasizes the influence of human activity on social and geological space. A major theoretical challenge that arises from such discourses (including 20th-century challenges to the idea of an autonomous, willing, subject) is to arrive at an account of agency robust enough to survive if not the ‘death of the subject’ then its imbrication in the material and social environment it acts upon. Beckett's treatment of the human body suggests a version of agency that draws strength from a body's interaction with its environment, such that meaning is formed in the nexus between body and world. Using the example of Quad, I show how representations of the body in Beckett disturb the opposition between compulsivity (when a body is driven to move or speak in the absence of intention) and creative invention. In Quad, serial repetition works to create an interface between body and world that is receptive to meanings outside the control of a human will. Paradoxically, compulsive repetition in Beckett, despite its uncomfortable closeness to addiction, harnesses a loss of individual control that proposes a more versatile and ecologically mindful understanding of human action.


2020 ◽  
pp. 103-122
Author(s):  
Sara Benninga

This article examines the changing approach towards the representation of the senses in 17th-century Flemish painting. These changes are related to the cultural politics and courtly culture of the Spanish sovereigns of the Southern Netherlands, the Archdukes Albert and Isabella. The 1617–18 painting-series of the Five Senses by Jan Brueghel the Elder and Peter Paul Rubens as well as the pendant paintings on the subject are analyzed in relation to the iconography of the five senses, and in regard to Flemish genre themes. In this context, the excess of objects, paintings, scientific instruments, animals, and plants in the Five Senses are read as an expansion of the iconography of the senses as well as a reference to the courtly material culture of the Archdukes. Framing the senses as part of a cultural web of artifacts, Brueghel and Rubens refer both to elite lived experience and traditional iconography. The article examines the continuity between the iconography of the senses from 1600 onwards, as developed by Georg Pencz, Frans Floris, and Maerten de Vos, and the representation of the senses in the series. In addition, the article shows how certain elements in the paintings are influenced by genre paintings of the courtly company and collector’s cabinet, by Frans Francken, Lucas van Valckenborch and Louis de Caullery. Through the synthesis of these two traditions the subject of the five senses is reinvented in a courtly context


GEOgraphia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Alexandre Domingues Ribas ◽  
Antonio Carlos Vitte

Resumo: Há um relativo depauperamento no tocante ao nosso conhecimento a respeito da relação entre a filosofia kantiana e a constituição da geografia moderna e, conseqüentemente, científica. Esta relação, quando abordada, o é - vezes sem conta - de modo oblíquo ou tangencial, isto é, ela resta quase que exclusivamente confinada ao ato de noticiar que Kant ofereceu, por aproximadamente quatro décadas, cursos de Geografia Física em Königsberg, ou que ele foi o primeiro filósofo a inserir esta disciplina na Universidade, antes mesmo da criação da cátedra de Geografia em Berlim, em 1820, por Karl Ritter. Não ultrapassar a pueril divulgação deste ato em si mesma só nos faz jogar uma cortina sobre a ausência de um discernimento maior acerca do tributo de Kant àfundamentação epistêmica da geografia moderna e científica. Abrir umafrincha nesta cortina denota, necessariamente, elucidar o papel e o lugardo “Curso de Geografia Física” no corpus da filosofia transcendental kantiana. Assim sendo, partimos da conjectura de que a “Geografia Física” continuamente se mostrou, a Kant, como um conhecimento portador de um desmedido sentido filosófico, já que ela lhe denotava a própria possibilidade de empiricização de sua filosofia. Logo, a Geografia Física seria, para Kant, o embasamento empírico de suas reflexões filosóficas, pois ela lhe comunicava a empiricidade da invenção do mundo; ela lhe outorgava a construção metafísica da “superfície da Terra”. Destarte, da mesma maneira que a Geografia, em sua superfície geral, conferiu uma espécie de atributo científico à validação do empírico da Modernidade (desde os idos do século XVI), a Geografia Física apresentou-se como o sustentáculo empírico da reflexão filosófica kantiana acerca da “metafísica da natureza” e da “metafísica do mundo”.THE COURSE OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF IMMANUEL KANT(1724-1804): CONTRIBUTION FOR THE GEOGRAPHICALSCIENCE HISTORY AND EPISTEMOLOGYAbstract: There is a relative weakness about our knowledge concerningKant philosophy and the constitution of modern geography and,consequently, scientific geography. That relation, whenever studied,happens – several times – in an oblique or tangential way, what means thatit lies almost exclusively confined in the act of notifying that Kant offered,for approximately four decades, “Physical Geography” courses inKonigsberg, or that he was the first philosopher teaching the subject at anyCollege, even before the creation of Geography chair in Berlin, in 1820, byKarl Ritter. Not overcoming the early spread of that act itself only made usthrow a curtain over the absence of a major understanding about Kant’stribute to epistemic justification of modern and scientific geography. Toopen a breach in this curtain indicates, necessarily, to lighten the role andplace of Physical Geography Course inside Kantian transcendentalphilosophy. So, we began from the conjecture that Physical Geography hasalways shown, by Kant, as a knowledge carrier of an unmeasuredphilosophic sense, once it showed the possibility of empiricization of hisphilosophy. Therefore, a Physical Geography would be, for Kant, theempirics basis of his philosophic thoughts, because it communicates theempiria of the world invention; it has made him to build metaphysically the“Earth’s surface”. In the same way, Geography, in its general surface, hasgiven a particular tribute to the empiric validation of Modernity (since the16th century), Physical Geography introduced itself as an empiric basis toKantian philosophical reflection about “nature’s metaphysics” and the“world metaphysics” as well.Keywords: History and Epistemology of Geography, Physical Geography,Cosmology, Kantian Transcendental Philosophy, Nature.


Urban Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Till Koglin ◽  
Lucas Glasare

This paper evaluates the history and cycling accessibility of Nova, a shopping centre established in Lund, Sweden, in 2002. The current situation was also analysed through observation and a literature review. Moreover, the study conducted a closer analysis of the history and role of the municipality based on further literature study and interviews with officials. The conclusion of the analysis indicates poor and unsafe bikeways caused by conflicts of interest between politicians, officials, landowners and the general public. It also depicts a situation in which the municipality’s master plan has been ignored, and, in contrast to the local goals, cycling accessibility at Nova has seen no significant improvement since the shopping centre was first established. The reasons for this, arguably, are a relatively low budget for bikeway improvements in the municipality, as well as a situation in which decision-makers have stopped approaching the subject, as a result of the long and often boisterous conflicts it has created in the past. Lastly, it must be noted that it is easy to regard the whole process of Nova, from its establishment to the current situation, as being symptomatic of the power structures between drivers and cyclists that still affect decision-makers at all levels.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodiantifitri Nengsih

Kurangnya moral anak bangsa saat sekarang ini, seperti pembegal yang marak dilakukan oleh kalangan pelajar SMP atau SMA, seks bebas, pornografi, narkoba, dan minum minuman keras sudah membuat miris kalangan pendidik. Karena pendidikan moral anak tidak hanya tugas keluarga, tapi juga guru sebagai pendidik. Dan tidak hanya tugas guru agama, tapi guru mata pelajaran biologi. Melalui pembelajaran berkarakter disekolah, dapat diharapkan lulusannya memiliki keimanan dan ketaqwaan kepada Allah swt, berakhlak mulia, berkarakter mulia, komptensi akademik yang utuh dan terpadu, sekaligus memiliki kepribadian yang baik sesuai norma-norma dan budaya Indonesia. Hal ini, sesuai dengan tujuan pendidikan nasional indonesia. Pendidikan karakter adalah pendidikan yang membangun kulaitas moral yang bersifat positif. Pembelajaran biologi mengajarkan kita mencintai ciptaan Allah SWT, karena pencipta dari ruang lingkup biologi adalah Allah SWT. Wujud cinta kepada Allah SWT adalah menjalankan segala perintah-Nya serta menjaduhi segala larangan-Nya. Ruang lingkup biologi biologi adalah ciptaan dari Allah SWT, dan ini membuktikan bahwa pembelajaran biologi mampu membangun karakter cinta kepada Allah SWT. Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Biologi, Nilai Karakter Cinta Kepada Allah SWT  Children who lack moral nation Now Singer Currently, such yegg The flare was conducted by Student Among OR junior high school, free prepaid sex, pornography, drugs, and drinking water Liquors Already MAKE sad Among Educators. BECAUSE Education Kids moral NOT Just telecoms families, BUT Also teachers as educators. And NO Only telecoms religious teachers, teachers eye BUT biology lesson. Learning Through school character, can be expected graduates have shown faith and devotion to Allah, noble, noble character, academic komptensi The Whole And integrated, have a personality Good Simultaneously Under the norms and culture of Indonesia. It Singer, Match WITH Indonesian national education goals. Character Education Is The Building Education kulaitas moral That is positive. Learning biology teaches kita Loved the Creation of Allah, BECAUSE Creator Of The scope of biology is Allah SWT. A form of love shown to Allah SWT is running All His command menjaduhi And All His prohibitions. The scope of biology is biology Creation Of Allah, And the singer proving that learning biology Able to Build Character Love kepada Allah SWT. Keywords: Learning Life, Love Character Values To Allah


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 2784-2789
Author(s):  
Setiyono Setiyono ◽  
Yessica Al Fawzia

The purpose of this research was to describe and analyze the planning, implementation, and evaluation of responsible character education based on school culture. A qualitative approach is taken in this investigation. An SMP Muhammadiyah Plus Salatiga sample was used in the analysis. In order to gather accurate information about the subject matter, the authors employ qualitative research methods, such as interviews and documentation. There are two ways to implement educational character education in the classroom: first, incorporate it into the school's curricula and rules, then spread the word to the students and staff. Character education for responsibility is carried out by incorporating the character of responsibility into self-development programs, subjects, and school culture. 2. This includes classroom and school-wide activities in which character values are taught and practiced. Students' attitudes are assessed as a means of evaluating responsibility character education.


Author(s):  
Rolando Vazquez ◽  
Miriam Barrera Contreras

RESUMEN Hay que pensar la decolonialidad en relación a las artes. En esta entrevista exploramos cómo las artes decoloniales se diferencian de la estética moderna/colonial. La decolonización de la estética conlleva la liberación de a la aiesthesis, es decir de las formas de relacionarnos con el mundo y de hacer mundo a través de los sentidos. La aiesthesis decolonial se distingue de los principios del arte contemporáneo y en particular de su sujeción a la temporalidad moderna, abriéndonos hacia las temporalidades relacionales. Los artistas decoloniales ejercen una temporalidad distinta que conlleva no sólo una crítica radical al orden de la representación y de la visualidad modernas sino que también nos dan la posibilidad de entender a la decolonialidad cómo un movimiento cargado de esperanza, cargado de la posibilidad de nombrar y vivenciar los mundos interculturales que han sido negados. PALABRAS CLAVE Decolonialidad, tiempo relacional, esperanza, cuerpo, interculturalidad KAI SUTI AESTHESIS ÑAGPAMANDA KAUSAKUNA TUKUIKUNAWA TAPUCHI SUG RUNATA ROLANDO VÁSQUEZ SUTITA SUGLLAPI Kaipi kawachinakumi iska ruraikuna ñugpamanda chasallata kunaurramanda. Kai suti aiesthesis, kawachiku imasami pai kawa kawachimanda ukusinama paipa iuaikunawa. Aiesthesis kame tukuikunamanda sugrigcha.Lsx artistxs kawachinakumi ñugpamanda kausikuna munankuna kawachingapa charrami kausanakunchi parlanakumi ñugpata imasami mana lisinsiaskakuna allí ruraikuna tukuikunamanda. IMA SUTI RIMAI SIMI: Ñugpamanda, parlaikuna sullai, nukanchi kikin, tukuikuna. DECOLONIAL AESTHESIS AND THE RELATIONAL TIMES. INTERVIEW WITH ROLANDO VÁSQUEZ ABSTRACT We have to hink the decoloniality in relation with the arts. This interview explores the difference between the modern/colonial aesthetic and the decolonial arts. The aesthetic decolonization leads to the release of the aesthesis, ergo it relates in every way to the connection and creation of a world through the senses. The decolonial aesthesis is particularly different from the contemporary art principles in the way it grasps the modern temporality consenting the creation of a path toward relational temporalities. The decolonial artists exercise a different temporality that results in not only a radical criticism to the modern representation and visuality but it makes possible to understand the decolonialization as a hopeful movement, full of possibilities for naming and experiencing neglected intercultural worlds. KEYWORDS Decolonialization, relational time, hope, body, interculturality ESTEHÉSIE DÉCOLONIALE ET LE TEMPS RELATIONNELS. ENTRETIEN À ROLANDO VASQUEZ RÉSUMÉ Il faut penser la décolonisation en relation aux arts. Dans cet entretien on explore comment les arts décoloniaux sont différents de l’esthétique moderne-coloniale. La décolonisation de l’esthétique entraîne la libération de l’estehésie, c’est-à-dire, la libération des façons de nous mettre en relation avec le monde et d’en créer un nouveau à travers les sens. L’estehésie décoloniale se différence des principes de l’art contemporain, principalement pour son fixation à la modernité en nous emmenant vers les temporalités relationnelles. Les artistes décoloniaux exercent avec une temporalité qui n’implique pas juste une critique radicale à l’ordre de la représentation et de la vision moderne, mais aussi de la possibilité de comprendre la décolonisation comme un mouvement plein d’espoir, chargé d’une possibilité de nommer et de mettre en relief les interculturalités qu’ont été niées. MOTS-CLEFS Décolonisation, temps relationnels, espoir, corps, interculturalité ESTESIA DESCOLONIAL E O TEMPO RELACIONAL ENTREVISTA A ROLANDO VAZQUEZ RESUMO Temos que pensar a descolonização em relação as artes. Nesta entrevista é explorado como as artes descoloniais são diferentes da estética moderna-colonial. A descolonização da estética conduz a emancipação da estesia, isto é, das formas de relacionamento com o mundo e da fôrma de fazer mundo a partir dos sentidos. A estesia descolonial distinguese dos princípios da arte contemporânea particularmente pela fixação o tempo moderno, abrindo-nos para a temporalidades relacionales. Os artistas descoloniais exercem uma temporalidade diferente que implica não só uma crítica radical à ordem da representação e à visão moderna, mas também à possibilidade de entender a descolonização como um movimento cheio de esperança, carregado da possibilidade de designar e viver os mundos interculturais que foram negados. PALAVRAS CHAVES Descolonização, esperança, tempo relacional, fôrma, intercultural.   Recibido el 20 de enero de 2015 Aceptado el 26 de febrero de 2015


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