scholarly journals Yield and quality attributes with seasonal variation in Napier Bajra hybrid (Pennisetum purpureum × Pennisetum glaucum) under different nitrogen environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1350-1357
Author(s):  
Rupinder Kaur ◽  
Meenakshi Goyal ◽  
U. S. Tiwana
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fodder Yield

Field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2013 in randomized block design using three nitrogen doses (50, 75 and 100 kgN/ha) with three replications for Napier Bajra hybrid. Three nitrogen fertilizers, potassium nitrate (KNO3), urea [CO(NH2)2] and ammonium sulphate [(NH4)2SO4] were used in divided doses. The crop was harvested four times in different seasons. Growth attributes viz. plant height (72.6cm), number of tillers per plant (20.1) and leaf length (91.2) found highest at 100 kgN/ha doses and maximum values were recorded in monsoon season. Green fodder yield (321.0 q/ha) and dry fodder yield (79.6 q/ha) were recorded highest with KNO3 fertilization and found maximum in monsoon season. Among all the harvest seasons, crude protein yield (19.1 q/ha) was observed maximum in summer season. Quality attributes viz. ether extract (2.6%), ash content (12.9%) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (62.6%) were observed highest in summer season. Crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre decreased with increased level of nitrogen doses and observed maximum in monsoon season.

scholarly journals EVALUATION PERFORMANCE OF THREE Pennisetum GENUS GROWN ON PINES FOREST IN LEMBANG, WEST JAVA

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Sajimin Sajimin ◽  
N. D. Purwantari
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Shoot Production

Pines are the largest tree forests in West of Java so that they are very potential to be developed as an agroforestry system. Forage crop potentially to be cultivated in the agroforestry system. The aim of the research was to study the response of the grasses grown under pines forest. The experiment was conducted at pines forest area arranged in randomized complete block design. The treatments were 3 grasses (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan, P. purpureum (local) and Pennisetum purpureophoides (king grass). Data collected were productivity, agronomic performance (plant height, tiller), forage production and quality. The result shows that shoot production of Taiwan cultivar was significantly higher than local P. purpureum. It was produced 498.4 g/clump on rainy season and 287.0 g/clump at dry season. At dry season forage production was decreased by 39,9%/ha. Nutrient composition at rainy season, crude fibre of grass was 39.89%; Ca 0.04%; P 0.26%; ash 12.46%; energy 4239.5 kcal/kg and crude protein 8.23%; while at the mid of dry season crude fibre was 38.43%; Ca 0.035%; P 0.26%; ash 11,43%; energy 3943 kcal/kg and crude protein 8.94%. Key words: pines, forestry, forage, production, quality

Interactive effect of nitrogen nutrition, nitrate reduction and seasonal variation on oxalate synthesis in leaves of Napier-bajra hybrid (Pennisetum purpureum × P. glaucum)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Goyal ◽  
Rupinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Oxalate Synthesis

Oxalate may cause hypocalcaemia or formation of urinary calculi in animals with prolonged grazing of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) × pearl millet (bajra, P. glaucum) hybrid (NBH). We investigated the influence of nitrate metabolism, nitrogen (N) nutrition, N forms and seasonal variation on oxalate accumulation in leaves of NBH in a field experiment in Ludhiana, India. The experiment was a randomised block design with three N sources (nitrate, amide and ammonium), three application rates (50, 75 and 100 kg N/ha), four seasons (summer, monsoon, autumn, pre-winter) and three replicates. Applied N nutrition induced oxalate synthesis and activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) enzymes. A positive association of N nutrition with both oxalate accumulation and nitrate-reducing enzymes was found. Nitrate-N increased oxalate accumulation and NiR activity more than ammonium and amide. A differential effect of seasons on NR and NiR activities, as well as on oxalate accumulation, was observed. Among different harvest seasons, NR and NiR activities were positively associated with oxalate accumulation in summer and the monsoon season. These results suggest that N fertilisation, particularly in nitrate form, is associated with upregulation of nitrate-reducing enzymes, leading to oxalate accumulation in NBH leaves.

scholarly journals Mixoploidia em híbridos de capim-elefante x milheto tratados com agentes antimitóticos

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1629-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juscélio Clemente de Abreu ◽  
Lisete Chamma Davide ◽  
Antônio Vander Pereira ◽  
Sandro Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Ciclo Celular ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum Schum

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar métodos de duplicação cromossômica, com uso de agentes antimitóticos e diversos materiais botânicos como explantes dos híbridos entre capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) e milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.). Utilizaram-se soluções de colchicina a 50 mg L-1 e 100 mg L-1, e de ciclohexamida 25 mg L-1:8-hidroxiquinoleína 300 mg L-1 (1:1), aplicadas in vitro em segmentos nodais, e in vivo em plântulas e perfilhos, com diferentes períodos de exposição. O efeito dos antimitóticos foi avaliado por meio da taxa de sobrevivência, do número cromossômico e da presença de anomalias no ciclo celular, em meristemas de raízes das plantas sobreviventes. A colchicina apresentou melhor efeito sobre as plântulas, enquanto a ciclohexamida:8-hidroxiquinoleína (1:1) atuou melhor sobre os perfilhos. Observou-se ocorrência de mixoploidia em células que apresentaram de 14 até 42 cromossomos, o que indica que houve duplicação seguida de eliminação cromossômica, confirmada pelas aberrações cromossômicas. Das células analisadas 86,4%, em média, apresentaram número cromossômico diferente de 21.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Ini Vitro Fermentative Digestibility of Odot Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum Cv. Mott) At Different Planting Spacing and Defoliation Age

2020 ◽  
pp. 368-376
Author(s):  
La Malesi ◽  
Takdir Saili ◽  
Ali Bain ◽  
Tresjia C Rakian
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ph Level

This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of in vitro fermentative digestibility of odot grass planted at different spacing and defoliation ages-days after planting (DAP). The study was conducted in the Field Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Science of the Halu Oleo University and the Laboratory of Nutrition for Dairy Sciences of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, IPB University. The study was designed by using factorial randomized block design (3x3). The first factor was planting spacing (60 cm x 90 cm, 75 cm x 90 cm and 90 cm x 90 cm), and the second factor was defoliation age (60 DAP, 90 DAP, and 120 DAP), consisted of 4 groups and there were 36 treatment combinations. The grouping was based on the slope of the land. The study data were analyzed by using analysis of variance using SPSS 21 and if the treatment had a significant effect, a different test between treatments was tested by using the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test. The experimental results showed that the interaction between planting spacing and defoliation age did not affect the characteristics of fermentation and nutrient digestibility in vitro. However, the in vitro fermentation characteristics were affected significantly (<em>p</em><0.05) by defoliation age, but were not affected by planting spacing whereas the pH level was not affected by spacing and defoliation age. Further tests of the differences between treatments showed that the planting spacing treatment was not significantly different (<em>p</em>>0.05), whereas among the defoliation age treatments were significantly different (<em>p</em><0.05). The conclusion of this study was the treatment of planting spacing and defoliation age did not affect digestibility in vitro fermentative of grass odot. The treatment of defoliation age independently influenced the in vitro digestibility of odot grass.

scholarly journals Nutritional contents of processed Delonix regia seeds incubated in vitro with Pennisetum purpureum

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
O. O. Olufayo ◽  
O. O. Falola
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Delonix Regia ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The effect of processing on proximate, mineral, anti-nutritional compositions, gasproduction characteristics, methane production, predicted metabolizable energy, organic matter digestibility and short chain fatty acids production of Delonix regia seeds incubated with Pennisetum purpureum were determined. Five treatments (T1: mixture of soaked Delonix regia seed and Pennisetum purpureum; T2: mixture of raw Delonix regia seed and Pennisetum purpureum; T3: mixture of roasted Delonix regia seed and Pennisetum purpureum; T4: mixture of boiled Delonix regia seed and Pennisetum purpureum and T5:100% Pennisetum purpureum which serves as control) were designed. In vitro gas production techniques for 24 hours were used to determine the nutritive value of processed 50% Delonix regia seed and 50% Pennisetum purpureum. The crude protein ranged from 13.38 to 15.71g/100g DM among the treatments while crude fibre was between 20.10 and 21.40g/100g DM, ether extract ranged from 1.90 to 3.12g/100g DM and ash 7.77 to 12.34g/100g DM. Calcium ranged from (2.34 - 3.61%), magnesium ranged (2.90 – 3.48%), sodium (2.05 – 2.91%) and phosphorus (0.88 – 1.12%). It was observed generally that T2 recorded the highest among the treatments while the values obtained for the heat treated seeds were lower than the raw. Oxalates ranged between (0.23% - 0.32%), phytates (0.29 – 0.43%), tannin (0.03 – 0.08%) and saponnin (0.36 – 0.49%). Methane (ml/200mg DM) production indicated T3 (50% roasted Delonix regia seed and 50% Pennisetum purpureum) was highest. The potential gas production 'a+b' ranged from 12.33 to 28.33mL/200mg DM). The highest potential gas production 'a+b' value of 28.33mL/200mg DM was obtained in T1 compared to other dietary treatment. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) ranged between 70.23 – 91.02% while the rate of fermentation was between 0.51 and 1.18ml/hr. The rate of fermentation was directly proportional to dry matter digestibility (DMD); the soaked recorded the highest value. Processing enhanced the nutritional contents of Delonix regia seeds. The result obtained showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) among the treatments. In conclusion, soaking the seeds of Delonix regia had beter nutritional contents and has the potential for dry season feeding.  

scholarly journals Assessment of Maize Genotypes for Forage Yield and Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-14
Author(s):  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Abdul Khaliq ◽  
Asim Pervez ◽  
Sikandar Hayat ◽  
Muhammad Saleem Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield

The present study was targeted to evaluate eight maize advance lines in comparison to one local check for green fodder yield potential and nutritional quality. The experiment was conducted at Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha during August 2017. The experiment was sown in a randomized complete block design with three replications having a plot size of 2.4 m x 6 m. The crop was harvested at 50% flowering stage and data regarding plant height, Number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, leaves weight per plant, stem weight per plant, leaves to stem weight ratio, green fodder yield, dry matter percentage, crude protein and crude fibre were recorded. The results showed that the performance of the advance lines; No.1501 and MS.2010 was best among all the studied genotypes in terms of fodder yield respectively. Both genotypes exhibited a good nutritional quality.

STRAW QUALITY OF CEREAL CULTIVARS BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT WITH ANHYDROUS AMMONIA

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. KERNAN ◽  
E. C. COXWORTH ◽  
W. L. CROWLE ◽  
D. T. SPURR
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Straw Quality

Straw components of 14 wheat, oat and barley cultivars grown at four locations, 1975–1976, were compared for feed quality attributes before and after ammoniation. Based on a combined statistical analysis, significant differences (P < 0.05) among cultivars occurred among and within crops for crude protein (CP), in vitro digestible organic matter (DOM) and crude fibre (CF) for untreated straw residues. Average CP and DOM levels were lowest for wheat (3.6 and 36.7%, respectively). Barley had the highest average CP (4.9%) and oats the highest average DOM (39.8%). Wheat straw had substantially higher average CF than either oats or barley. Straw from Pitic 62 wheat, Random oats and Fergus barley showed superior quality attributes (high DOM and CP, low CF) for their respective crops. Neepawa wheat straw appeared to have the poorest quality overall. The straws were treated with anhydrous ammonia (5% on a wt/DM basis) and left in a sealed container at 20° and 15% moisture for 6 days. Following ammoniation: all wheat cultivars had higher CP levels than the oat and barley cultivars; average improvements in CP for wheat, oats and barley were 8.1, 4.7 and 5.3 percentage units, respectively; average DOM levels were similar for wheat, oats and barley; average improvements in DOM were 8.6, 6.1 and 6.6 percentage units, respectively. Neepawa had significantly higher CP following ammoniation than the oat or barley cultivars and showed the highest improvement in DOM (10.1 percentage units). Based on DOM values of the wheat, oat and barley straws, the cultivars Pitic 62, Random and Fergus would still be preferred after ammoniation. There was little to choose between several cultivars within crops for CP content after treatment with ammonia.

In vitro Fertilisation Capacity of Frozen Crossbred Bull Semen Cryopreserved During Different Seasons in Kerala

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Revathy ◽  
R.S. Abhilash ◽  
C. Jayakumar ◽  
P.K. Magnus ◽  
K. Raji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
Different Seasons

Background: Assessment of semen quality of bulls in frozen semen stations is of paramount importance as they are used for inseminating large number of cattle. The present study was conducted to assess the in vitro fertilisation capacity of crossbred bull semen cryopreserved during different seasons in Kerala as reports of such an evaluation are scarce.Methods: Semen samples from six crossbred bulls of same exotic inheritance, cryopreserved during rainy, post monsoon and summer seasons were procured from KLDB, Dhoni. The collected samples were evaluated for their in vitro fertilisation potential.Result: Hot dry summer season in Kerala adversely affects the fertilisation capacity of spermatozoa. Rainy season was observed to be the most favourable season for good quality semen production and post monsoon season was intermediate between summer and rainy season. It can be concluded from the present investigation that semen cryopreserved during summer season have lower fertilisation and cleavage rate than rainy and post monsoon season. This might be due to the harmful effect of significantly higher average maximum temperature and lower relative humidity occurred in the area during summer season on spermatogenesis.

scholarly journals Effect of napier grass supplemented with Gliricidia sepium, Sapindus rarak or Hibiscus rosa-sinensis on in vitro rumen fermentation profiles and methanogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
P. Yuliana ◽  
E. B. Laconi ◽  
A. Jayanegara ◽  
S. S. Achmadi ◽  
A. A. Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Methanogen Population ◽  
Range Test ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

This study examined the supplementation effects of gliricidia leaves(GL, Gliricidia sepium), lerak fruit(LF, Sapindus rarak), or hibiscusleaves(HL, Hibiscusrosa-sinensis) on in vitro rumen fermentation and methanogenesis and made a comparisonwith the Napier grass (NG, Pennisetum purpureum) grass. In vitro rumen fermentation was designed according to a randomized complete block design with four replications and seven treatments: NG, GL, LF, HL, NG 70% + GL 30%, NG 70% + LF 30%and NG 70% + HL 30%. The generated data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Duncan’s multiple range test and compared among treatment means.Addition of a plant containing saponin such as LF or HL to NG did not alter gas production after 24 and 48 h of incubation period in comparison to NG alone.The HLalone or blended with NGproduced the highest IVOMDduring the fermentation processas compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Adding LF supplement either singly or in combination significantly (P<0.05) reduced methane production in terms of %TVFA as compared to NG. Supplementation of LF plants has shifted VFA proportion towards more propionate and less acetate. The microbial population of LF, whether single or in combination had a tendency to reduce the rumen protozoa population but had no effect on methanogen population. It can be concluded that utilization of saponin-rich materials is particularly beneficial for reducing ruminal methane emission.

scholarly journals Methane Mitigation Potential of Foliage of Fodder Trees Mixed at Two Levels with a Tropical Grass

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Sara Stephanie Valencia-Salazar ◽  
Guillermo Jiménez-Ferrer ◽  
Isabel Cristina Molina-Botero ◽  
Juan Carlos Ku-Vera ◽  
Ngonidzashe Chirinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Fodder Trees ◽  
Tropical Grass

Enteric methane (CH4) emitted by ruminant species is known as one of the main greenhouse gases produced by the agricultural sector. The objective of this study was to assess the potential the potential for CH4 mitigation and additionally the chemical composition, in vitro gas production, dry matter degradation (DMD), digestibility and CO2 production of five tropical tree species with novel forage potential including: Spondias mombin, Acacia pennatula, Parmentiera aculeata, Brosimum alicastrum and Bursera simaruba mixed at two levels of inclusion (15 and 30%) with a tropical grass (Pennisetum purpureum). The forage samples were incubated for 48 h, and a randomized complete block design was used. Crude protein content was similar across treatments (135 ± 42 g kg−1 DM), while P. purpureum was characterized by a high content of acid detergent fiber (335.9 g kg−1 DM) and B. simaruba by a high concentration of condensed tannins (20 g kg−1 DM). Likewise, A. pennatula and P. aculeata were characterized by a high content of cyanogenic glycosides and alkaloids respectively. Treatments SM30-PP70 (30% S. mombin + 70% P. purpureum) and BA30-PP70 (30% B. alicastrum + 70% P. purpureum) resulted in superior degradability at 48h than P. purpureum, while in the AP30-PP70 (30% A. pennatula + 70% P. purpureum) was lower than the control treatment (p ≤ 0.05). At 24 and 48 h, treatments that contained P. aculeata and B. alicastrum yield higher CH4 mL g−1 DOM than P. purpureum (p ≤ 0.05). The inclusion of these forage species had no statistical effect on the reduction of CH4 emissions per unit of DM incubated or degraded at 24 and 48 h with respect to P. purpureum although reductions were observed. The use of fodders locally available is an economic and viable strategy for the mitigation of the environmental impact generated from tropical livestock systems.

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