scholarly journals Hydrated Lime Effects on Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 150-169
Author(s):  
Tavga Aram Abdalla ◽  
Nihad Bahaaldeen Salih
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Cohesive Soils ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Treated Soil

Cohesive soils present difficulties in construction projects because it usually contains expansive clay minerals. However, the engineering properties of cohesive soils can be stabilized by using various techniques. The research aims to elaborate on the influences of using hydrated lime on the consistency, compaction, and shear strength properties of clayey soil samples from Sulaimnai city, northern Iraq. The proportions of added hydrated lime are 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% to the natural soil sample. The results yielded considerable effects of hydrated lime on the engineering properties of the treated soil sample and enhancement its strength. The soil's liquid limit, plasticity index, and optimum moisture content were decreased with the increase of hydrated lime percent. The soil's other geotechnical properties such as plastic limit, maximum dry density, and unconfined compressive strength were increased with the hydrated lime content increase. The oedometer test results produced a notable decrease in the compressibility characteristics of the lime-treated soil sample. Hence, hydrated lime is successfully contributed and can be considered as an effective material to improve the strength, compressibility, and consistency properties of the cohesive soils in Sulaimani city.

scholarly journals Physical and geotechnical properties of a silty sand soil treated with calcium carbonate fixing bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 05002
Author(s):  
E. Garzón ◽  
L. Morales ◽  
J. Reca ◽  
E. Romero ◽  
P.J. Sánchez-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Treated Soil

The objective of the present study is to develop a biotechnological tool for a new application of silty sand soil as stabilized materials in linear works replacing chemical stabilizer (e.g. cement and lime) by natural cement, formed by precipitated calcium carbonate generated by microorganisms of the Sporosarcina family. For this purpose, it is conducted a chemical and mineralogical characterization and an examination of physical and geotechnical properties, being very important from the engineering standpoint. The results of different tests are presented here. The data show that the effects of bacteria are reducing the soil specific surface and increasing its plasticity. The reason for this result could be the addition of a plastic component to the natural soil, or the result of the more aggregated structure promoted during the treatment. The pore size distribution of the soil changes in an approximate range 3 - 30 µm, where the pore mode tends to disappear. The change in the pore density function is reflected in the mechanical behaviour of the treated soil, which presents typical features of a less dense soil with respect to the natural untreated one. The friction angle of the treated soil is slightly higher, and its compressibility is consistently lower than that of the natural soil. As the bacteria do not seem to produce any cementation effect on the soil skeleton, collapse upon wetting does not seem to be significantly affected by the treatment. On the contrary, comparison of collapse data shows that occurrence and amount of collapse are ruled by the as-compacted dry density. The tests performed seem to suggest that the microbiological technique may be effective to improve the mechanical characteristics of the compacted soil. For that, it is necessary to provide more energy in compacting the treated soil that it will be stabilized, so as to achieve a high initial dry density. From this viewpoint, it seems that higher compaction effort is even more effective than increasing the amount of bacteria introduced to stabilize the soil.

scholarly journals Geotechnical Properties of Lateritic Soil Stabilized with Ground-Nut Husk Ash

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 568-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emeka Segun Nnochiri ◽  
Olumide Moses Ogundipe
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Engineering Property ◽  
Maximum Dry Density

This study assesses the geotechnical properties of lateritic soil stabilized with Ground-nut Husk Ash. Preliminary tests were carried out on the natural soil sample for identification and classification purposes, while consistency limits tests were thereafter carried out as well. Engineering property tests such as California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and compaction tests were performed on both the natural soil sample and the stabilized lateritic soil, which was stabilized by adding Ground-nut Husk Ash, GHA, in percentages of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 by weight of the soil.  The results showed that the addition of GHA enhanced the strength of the soil sample. The Maximum Dry Density (MDD) reduced from 1960 kg/m3 to 1760 kg/m3 at 10% GHA by weight of soil. The Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) increased from 12.70% to 14.95%, also at 10% GHA by weight of soil. The unsoaked CBR values increased from 24.42% to 72.88% finally, the UCS values increased from 510.25 kN/m2 to 1186.46 kN/m2, for both CBR and UCS, the values were at 10% GHA by weight of soil. It was therefore concluded that GHA performs satisfactorily as a cheap stabilizing agent for stabilizing lateritic soil especially for subgrade and sub base purposes in road construction.

scholarly journals Effect of Calcium Chloride on Geotechnical Properties of Black Cotton Soil Ramya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Curing Period

The objective of the present study was to understand the effect of calcium chloride on geotechnical properties of black cotton soil. Black cotton soil collected from Siraguppa taluk, Bellary. It was subjected to various concentrations of calcium chloride viz. 0.1 N, 0.5 N, 1.0 N, 2.0 N and 4.0 N. Attempt was made to understand the effect of calcium chloride on index properties and engineering properties of black cotton soil. It was observed that the values of liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of the soil treated with calcium chloride was decreasing with increase in concentration. Further the treated soil was investigated for compaction test. It was observed that the maximum dry density of the soil was increasing at higher concentrations. However, no remarkable changes were observed in the values of optimum moisture content with increase in concentration of calcium chloride. The laboratory investigation was made to obtain the unconfined compression strength (UCS) of treated soil. The soil was cured for 1 day, 7, 14 and 28 days. It was observed that the values of UCS were increasing with increase in concentration at any curing period. The soil was further tested to obtain the effect of calcium chloride on permeability of treated soil. It was observed that the permeability is increasing with increase in concentrations of 0 N, 0.5 N, and 4.0 N.

scholarly journals Effect of Cement Kiln Dust on the Geotechnical Properties of Clay in Ede, South-western, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (March 2018) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I Adedokun ◽  
J.R Oluremi ◽  
N.T Adekilekun ◽  
O.V Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Cement Kiln Dust ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Kiln Dust

This paper investigated the effect of cement kiln dust (CKD) on the geotechnical properties of clay. Soil sample was collected from clay deposit at Ede North Local Government Area, Osun State, which lies within the geographical coordinates of 7N and 4E, was treated with up to 10% CKD. Sieve analysis, specific gravity, consistency limits, compaction (British Standard Light, BSL and West African Standard, WAS) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were carried out on both treated and untreated soil samples. Results showed that Ede clay is an A-7- 6 soil. Specific gravity increased from 2.61 to 2.91 with increase in CKD from 0 to 10%, maximum dry density (MDD) of the natural soil sample increased from 1.72 and 1.76 g/m’ to 1.84 and 1.85 g/m’ at 8% CKD for BSL and WAS, respectively. The unsoaked CBR of the specimen increased from 17 to 35% for 0-10% addition of CKD, and a similar trend was observed for the 24 hours soaked CBR values. This study indicated that CKD, though regarded as waste material, can be used to improve the geotechnical properties of Ede clay.

scholarly journals Impact of Silica on Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil Present in Edfu- Aswan, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Ashraf Ghanem ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Fume ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Cohesive Soils ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Glass Spheres ◽  
A Site

It may be necessary to improve the engineering properties of clayey soils to make them suitable for construction by using some kind of stabilization methods. Treatment with lime, cement or waste materials such as silica fume (SF) has traditionally been used for the stabilization of clayey soils. The soil chosen in this research was extracted from a site in Edfu- Aswan, Egypt. Investigating the effect of properties of cohesive soils when mixed with SF is the main objective of this study. Silica fume is a mineral made up of ultra-fine solid, amorphous silicon dioxide glass spheres (SiO2) from the metallurgical industries company (E.JS.C) in Edfu. A series of laboratory experiments for samples prepared with different percentages were implemented of SF 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%,8%, and 10%. The results show that the blend will increase the maximum dry density of clayey soils. Their Plasticity Index and the liquid limit would increase, the permeability of clayey soil decreases, the unconfined compression strength will increase. All of these results can be summarized to say that the engineering properties of cohesive soils can be improved by combining Silica Fume and clayey soils together.

scholarly journals BEARING CAPACITY OF STRIP FOOTING ON LIME STABILIZED EXPANSIVE CLAYEY SOIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Amina A. Khalil ◽  
Mohammed N J Alzaidy ◽  
Zeena A. Kazzaz
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Swelling Potential ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Lime Addition

To investigate and understand the effect of lime on the engineering properties of an expansive clayey soil, 4% lime by weight of the dry soil have been added. The stabilized soil specimens were subjected to unconfined compression, swelling potential and pH value tests. Also, a finite element analyses using PLAXIS-2D software were conducted. The studied parameters include the footing size and thickness of lime stabilized soil, and then compared with the natural soil. It was proved that lime content and curing duration had a significant effect on the engineering properties of lime-treated soil. The curing duration had significantly enhanced the strength properties of the lime stabilized soil specimens, where, unconfined compressive strength has significantly improved. Also, the pH value was decreased with increasing curing durations. Moreover, it was found that the swelling potential of the lime-treated soil specimens was reduced by lime addition and increasing of the curing duration. The results of numerical analysis show that the stress-settlement behaviour and ultimate bearing capacity of footing can be considerably enhanced as the thickness of lime-treated increases, and the influence of footing width seems to be insignificant.

scholarly journals Geotechnical Evaluation of Diesel Contaminated Clayey Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6451
Author(s):  
Christian E. Hernández-Mendoza ◽  
Pamela García Ramírez ◽  
Omar Chávez Alegría
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Osmotic Suction ◽  
The One ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diesel Contamination

Soil contamination by different hydrocarbons has rapidly expanded worldwide, surpassing the self-purification capacity of soils and increasing the number of contaminated sites. Although much effort has been devoted to study the effects of diesel contamination on the geotechnical properties of soil, there is still limited available information about it. Moreover, there is no available information about the maximum diesel retention that soil can have and its effect on the geotechnical behavior of the soil. Thus, in this paper, we determined the maximum diesel retention by an unsaturated clayey soil and evaluated the impact of diesel contamination on its geotechnical properties. The results showed that the soil could only retain 12.6% of the added diesel and the excess was expulsed. At such a diesel concentration, the saturation rate of the soil was lower than 80%. Diesel contamination increased the plasticity and the internal friction angle of the soil, while its cohesion was considerably decreased. It should be noted that the matric suction of contaminated soil was lower than the one obtained for natural soil. However, its osmotic suction was considerably higher. This indicates that osmotic suction must be considered to evaluate the shear strength of contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil Contaminated with Copper

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Mahdi O. Karkush ◽  
Shahad D. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cohesive Soil ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Intact Soil

In this research, the effectsof coppersulfate contamination on the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of cohesive soil have been studied and compared with the properties of intact soil. Soil sampleswere obtained from Al-Ahdab oil field in Wasit governorate, located in the east of Iraq. In the laboratory, the soil specimens were contaminated artificiallywith three quantities of copper sulfate) CuSO4.5H2O) (100, 200 and 400) gm. The contaminantwas dissolved in 10 liters of distilled water and then added to the intact soil. The intact soil samplekept soaked with the contaminantfor 30 days. Several tests were conducted onthe soil samples (intact and contaminated) to measure the effects of copper sulfate on the geotechnical properties of clayey soil. The results of tests showed significant effectsfor copper on the studied soil properties. The copper sulfate causesdecreasing the percentage of fine particles in the soil, Atterberg s limits, permeability and optimum water content. Inaddition, the copper sulfate causes increasing thespecific gravity andmaximum dry density of soil. The shear strength parameters of soil are measured by using direct shear test, unconfined compression test and unconsolidated undrained triaxial test are decreased with increasing the concentration of copper sulfate in soil. Also, its noted increasing the initial void ratio, the compression index and recompression index with increasing concentration of contaminant in soil.

scholarly journals Influence of Kawergosk Refinery Waste Oil on Geotechnical Properties of Contaminated Clayey Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Ferzand K. Medhat ◽  
Mehmet Carpuzcu ◽  
Ali Firat Cabalar ◽  
Ahmed Al-Obaidi
Keyword(s):  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Refinery Waste ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Laboratory Test Results

This study presents the effect of Kawergosk refinery waste oil on the geotechnical properties of Erbil clayey soils. A comparison of laboratory test results on uncontaminated clayey soils has been presented and examined. Refinery waste oil of Kawergosk (20 km west of Erbil city) was chosen as the contaminant. A disturbed soil samples were collected from the site which are remolded in the laboratory before each test to represent the field dry density (1.4 gm/cm3, 5.6% water content). Laboratory investigations were carried out on soil samples with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the waste oil, the results showed a considerable effect on the chemical soil characteristics, while a slight increase of the values of Atterberg limits was observed. A considerable effect on the values of one-dimensional consolidation test parameters has also been observed; the same observation has been seen for the values of direct shear test parameters. A reduction on the values of conductivity coefficient, K has been noticed with increase of contaminated percentage.

scholarly journals Using Steel Slag for Stabilizing Clayey Soil in Sulaimani City-Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
Zozk Kawa Abdalqadir ◽  
Nihad Bahaaldeen Salih ◽  
Soran Jabbar Hama Salih
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Clayey Soils

The clayey soils have the capability to swell and shrink with the variation in moisture content. Soil stabilization is a well-known technique, which is implemented to improve the geotechnical properties of soils. The massive quantities of waste materials are resulting from modern industry methods create disposal hazards in addition to environmental problems. The steel industry has a waste that can be used with low strength and weak engineering properties soils. This study is carried out to evaluate the effect of steel slag (SS) as a by-product of the geotechnical properties of clayey soil. A series of laboratory tests were conducted on natural and stabilized soils. SS was added by 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20% to the soil. The conducted tests are consistency limits, specific gravity, hydrometer analysis, modified Proctor compaction, swelling pressure, swelling percent, unconfined compressive strength, and California Bearing Ratio (Soaked CBR). The results showed that the values of liquid limit, plasticity index, optimum moisture content, swelling pressure, and swelling percent were decreased when stabilized the soil. However, the values of maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength, and California bearing ratio were increased with the addition of steel slag with various percentages to the clayey soil samples. The steel slag was found to be successfully improving the geotechnical properties of clayey soils.

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