scholarly journals Visualizing the Effect of Built Environment on COVID-19 Transmission: A Community-Level Study in Wuhan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siqin WANG
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
3D Mapping ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Property Price ◽  
Respiratory Coronavirus ◽  
The Relationship

With the outbreak of a novel respiratory coronavirus disease (COVID-19) over the world, restriction of human mobility plays an important role to reduce the potential for the spread of virus. People are restricted for limited activities in local communities where the built environment in communities serve as a mediated pathway for the virus transmission. Our study aims to examine to what extent built environment factors explain COVID-19 transmission at the community level. Drawing on primary data collected from 648 communities in Wuhan, China, we employed a geographically weighted regression and a 3D mapping approach to examine the relationship between COVID-19 confirmed cases and three built environment factors including green coverage, property price, and underground parking. We find that green coverage and property price explain COVID-19 transmission better in communities with a larger amount of confirmed cases

scholarly journals PCA-Based Identification of Built Environment Factors Reducing PM2.5 Pollution in Neighborhoods of Five Chinese Megacities

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Ming Chen ◽  
Fei Dai
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Relationship

Air pollution, especially PM2.5 pollution, still seriously endangers the health of urban residents in China. The built environment is an important factor affecting PM2.5; however, the key factors remain unclear. Based on 37 neighborhoods located in five Chinese megacities, three relative indicators (the range, duration, and rate of change in PM2.5 concentration) at four pollution levels were calculated as dependent variables to exclude the background levels of PM2.5 in different cities. Nineteen built environment factors extracted from green space and gray space and three meteorological factors were used as independent variables. Principal component analysis was adopted to reveal the relationship between built environment factors, meteorological factors, and PM2.5. Accordingly, 24 models were built using 32 training neighborhood samples. The results showed that the adj_R2 of most models was between 0.6 and 0.8, and the highest adj_R2 was 0.813. Four principal factors were the most important factors that significantly affected the growth and reduction of PM2.5, reflecting the differences in green and gray spaces, building height and its differences, relative humidity, openness, and other characteristics of the neighborhood. Furthermore, the relative error was used to test the error of the predicted values of five verification neighborhood samples, finding that these models had a high fitting degree and can better predict the growth and reduction of PM2.5 based on these built environment factors.

Modelling the relationship between green built environment and occupants’ productivity

Facilities ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 170-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshini Mallawaarachchi ◽  
Lalith De Silva ◽  
Raufdeen Rameezdeen
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of the study presented in this paper is to determine the relationship and effect of built environment on occupants’ productivity in green-certified office buildings in Sri Lanka. Design/methodology/approach Two research hypotheses were tested by approaching the survey method under the quantitative phenomenon. The questionnaire survey was conducted among randomly selected occupants in three selected green-rated office buildings in Sri Lanka. The survey data were analysed by using the Spearman correlation and ordinal logistic regression analysis techniques to model the relationship existing between the variables. The SPSS v20 software was used in data analysis. Findings The findings confirm the relationship between built environment and occupants’ productivity. As it further proves that, there is a significant effect of built environment on occupants’ productivity in green-certified office buildings. Thus, critical built environment factors influencing occupants’ productivity and their effect were determined. Practical implications The findings could be practically implied as bases to strengthen the evaluation criteria of indoor environmental quality in GREENSL® national green-rating system. Originality/value The evaluation of occupants’ productivity and the built environment factors has been at the focal point of research; however, most studies have focused on single aspects of the built environment. Further, no evidences were found on “which factors” can critically influence the occupants’ productivity in green buildings. The paper, therefore, seeks to fill this gap by proving the relationship between green built environment and occupants’ productivity.

scholarly journals Diverse and nonlinear influences of built environment factors on COVID-19 spread across townships in China at its initial stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Ma ◽  
Shuangjin Li ◽  
Junyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
City Population

AbstractThe built environment can contribute to the spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by facilitating human mobility and social contacts between infected and uninfected individuals. However, mobility data capturing detailed interpersonal transmission at a large scale are not available. In this study, we aimed to objectively assess the influence of key built environment factors, which create spaces for activities—“inferred activity” rather than “actually observed activity”—on the spread of COVID-19 across townships in China at its initial stage through a random forest approach. Taking data for 2994 township-level administrative units, the spread is measured by two indicators: the ratio of cumulative infection cases (RCIC), and the coefficient of variation of infection cases (CVIC) that reflects the policy effect in the initial stage of the spread. Accordingly, we selected 19 explanatory variables covering built environment factors (urban facilities, land use, and transportation infrastructure), the level of nighttime activities, and the inter-city population flow (from Hubei Province). We investigated the spatial agglomerations based on an analysis of bivariate local indicators of spatial association between RCIC and CVIC. We found spatial agglomeration (or positive spatial autocorrelations) of RCIC and CVIC in about 20% of all townships under study. The density of convenience shops, supermarkets and shopping malls (DoCSS), and the inter-city population flow (from Hubei Province) are the two most important variables to explain RCIC, while the population flow is the most important factor in measuring policy effects (CVIC). When the DoCSS gets to 21/km2, the density of comprehensive hospitals to 0.7/km2, the density of road intersections to 72/km2, and the density of gyms and sports centers to 2/km2, their impacts on RCIC reach their maximum and remain constant with further increases in the density values. Stricter policy measures should be taken at townships with a density of colleges and universities higher than 0.5/km2 or a density of comprehensive hospitals higher than 0.25/km2 in order to effectively control the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals After the lockdown: simulating mobility, public health and economic recovery scenarios

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Spelta ◽  
Andrea Flori ◽  
Francesco Pierri ◽  
Giovanni Bonaccorsi ◽  
Fabio Pammolli
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Epidemic Spreading ◽  
Productive Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Spreading Disease

Abstract The spread of SARS-COV-2 has affected many economic and social systems. This paper aims at estimating the impact on regional productive systems in Italy of the interplay between the epidemic and the mobility restriction measures put in place to contain the contagion. We focus then on the economic consequences of alternative lockdown lifting schemes. We leverage a massive dataset of human mobility which describes daily movements of over four million individuals in Italy and we model the epidemic spreading through a metapopulation SIR model, which provides the fraction of infected individuals in each Italian district. To quantify economic backslashes this information is combined with socio-economic data. We then carry out a scenario analysis to model the transition to a post-lockdown phase and analyze the economic outcomes derived from the interplay between (a) the timing and intensity of the release of mobility restrictions and (b) the corresponding scenarios on the severity of virus transmission rates. Using a simple model for the spreading disease and parsimonious assumptions on the relationship between the infection and the associated economic backlashes, we show how different policy schemes tend to induce heterogeneous distributions of losses at the regional level depending on mobility restrictions. Our work shed lights on how recovery policies need to balance the interplay between mobility flows of disposable workers and the diffusion of contagion.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Lingkungan Terbangun terhadap Aktivitas Fisik Untuk Kesehatan Lanjut Usia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
Petrus Natalivan Indradjati ◽  
Amalia Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
The Relationship

Latar belakang: Semakin meningkatnya jumlah penduduk lanjut usia, maka persoalan kesehatan pada kelompok ini menjadi isu penting di masa mendatang. Salah satu yang berkontribusi pada kesehatan lanjut usia adalah aktivitas fisiknya yang dipengaruhi tidak hanya faktor personal tetapi juga oleh faktor lingkungan terbangun. Penelitian hubungan antara lingkungan terbangun dengan aktivitas fisik dan kesehatan lanjut usia banyak dilakukan, khususnya di negara maju, namun pada kondisi sosial ekonomi dan karakteristik perkotaan di Indonesia masih sangat terbatas.Metode: Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi pengaruh lingkungan terbangun terhadap aktivitas fisik/kesehatan lanjut usia pada lima kelurahan di pusat Kota Surakarta. Faktor lingkungan terbangun mencakup aksesibilitas, kenyamanan, kejelasan orientasi, keamanan dan keselamatan.  Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan penyebaran kuesioner pada 100 responden lanjut usia secara accidental (non-probabilistic sampling) dari jumlah populasi lanjut usia sebanyak 2417 jiwa. Analisis asosiasi dengan uji chi square dan uji somers’d untuk melihat hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan karakteristik personal lanjut usia dan faktor lingkungan terbangun.Hasil: Kesehatan menjadi alasan utama usia lanjut melakukan aktivitas fisik (58% responden). Namun tingkat aktivitas fisiknya tidak berhubungan dengan karakteristik personal seperti jenis kelamin, pendidikan, dan penyakit tidak menular yang diderita (nilai signifikansi > 0.05). Faktor lingkungan terbangun yang berpengaruh pada aktivitas fisik lanjut usia adalah kemudahan menyeberang (nilai signifikansi 0,000) dan keamanan jalur penyeberangan (nilai signifikansi 0,000).Simpulan: Tidak seluruh faktor lingkungan terbangun akan mendorong lanjut usia melakukan aktivitas fisik untuk menjaga kesehatannya. Intervensi terhadap faktor keamanan dan desain penyeberangan untuk mengatasi konflik dengan kendaraan bermotor sangat penting di pusat kota. ABSTRACT Title: The Influence of the Built Environment on Physical Activity for the Health of ElderlyBackground: As the number of elderly people increases, health problems in this group will become an important issue in the future. One of the factors that contribute to the health of the elderly is their physical activity which is influenced not only by personal factors but also by the built environment. Research on the relationship between the built environment and physical activity and the health of the elderly have been widely carried out, especially in developed countries; but the socio-economic conditions and urban characteristics in developing countries like Indonesia are still very limited.Method: This research explores the influence of the built environment on the physical activity/health of the elderly in five urban villages in the center of Surakarta. Built environment factors include accessibility, level of comfort, clarity of orientation, security and safety. Data collection is carried out by observing and distributing questionnaires to 100 elderly respondents by non-probabilistic sampling from a total elderly population of 2417 people. Association analysis with the Chi-square test and Somers’s test to see the relationship between physical activity and personal characteristics of the elderly and built environment factors.Result: Staying healthy is the main reason for elderly to do physical activity (58% of respondents). However, the level of physical activity is not related to personal characteristics such as gender, education, and non-communicable diseases (significance value > 0.05). Built environment factors that affect the physical activity of the elderly are the convenience of crossing (significance value 0.000) and the safety of the crossing (significance value 0.000).Conclusion: Not all built environmental factors will encourage the elderly to do physical activity to maintain their health. Intervention on safety factors and crossing designs to resolve conflicts with motorized vehicles is very important in the city center. 

scholarly journals The Influence of Community-Level Built Environment Factors on Active Social Network Size in Older Adults: Social Activity as a Moderator

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Nestor Asiamah ◽  
Kyriakos Kouveliotis ◽  
Richard Eduafo ◽  
Richard Borkey
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Environment Factors ◽  
Social Network Size

Background This study examined the influence of built environmental factors in the community on active social network size as well as the moderating influence of different dimensions of social activity on this relationship. Methods This study employed the cross-sectional and correlational approaches to construct a scale measuring key community-level built environment factors and test the moderating influence of social activity on the association between these factors and active social network size in older adults. The study population was all 3,211 older adults who were resident in Accra and were part of the database of the Social Security and National Insurance Trust. Participants were 515 older adults in Accra aged 60 years or more who met some inclusion criteria. A self-reported questionnaire, including a new scale measuring the built environment factors, was used to collect data. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation and confirmatory factor analysis were used to validate the measurement scales, whereas Pearson’s correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis were used to test the associations of interest. Results After controlling for relevant demographic variables, built environment factors in the community have no significant influence on active social network size. Volunteering, support for social ties, and group activity positively moderated the influence of built environment factors on active social network size at p < .05 and β ≥ 0.2. Conclusion The study concludes that social activity is essential to the utilization of available built environmental factors by older adults to make active social ties in the community.

The Impact of Women’s Employment on Marital Stability in Qatar Society

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
Noora Ahmed Lari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Work Motivation ◽  
Marital Stability ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The State of Qatar has implemented several family policies in order to improve the wellbeing of Qatari families and ensure fair distribution of development benefits for both men and women. However, there is a linkage between female employment outside the home and instability in the marriages of Qatari families. This paper investigates the impact of female employment on marital stability, based on the results of primary data collected in Qatar, a questionnaire that consisted of several sections such as challenges in the workplace, supervisor, family and spouse relations, work motivation and performance. Of the 824 questionnaires that were returned, 807 were completed and valid for analysis. Regression analysis and an ANOVA test have been used to test the relationship between the variables. The results of the research have produced mixed findings about how wives’ employment increases marital instability and have yielded few significant differences on mean scores of discuss on work demands, insufficient time together, housework, financial matters, communication, relatives and rearing children. The results indicates that in general Qatar working women face several challenges in relation to their marital life as part of cultural and social constraints.

PERSEPSI PETERNAK PADA KEPEMIMPINAN PENDAMPING DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS USAHA TERNAK DI PAGUYUBAN AL-AWWALIYAH, PASIRWANGI, GARUT, JAWA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Dwi Indah Sulistiani ◽  
Ujang Maman ◽  
Junaidi J
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Leadership Qualities ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Objective of this research; 1) determine the perception of ranchers against the properties and behavior of the leadership of the companion in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah 2) analyze the relationship between productivity breeder with productivity of livestock in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah 3) identify the relationship perceptions of ranchers against the leadership companion with productivity of livestock in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah , The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from questionnaires which stem from ranchers while secondary data sourced from literature in the form of books and articles. Data processing was performed using Chi-square analysis using SPSS software version 21. One of the factors relating to the productivity of ranchers is the perception of ranchers against the leadership of their companion. Leadership companion views of the nature and behavior of which is owned by a companion. Productivity ranchers indirectly related to the productivity of the cattle business. Characteristics breeder visits of age, years of education, experience ranchers, and businesses in addition to ranchers. The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between business other than ranchers with ranchers productivity. The relationship between the perception of the nature of the companion breeder with productivity ranchers produce Pearson Chi-Square value is 9.751 and Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) of 0.002. This is due to interest ranchers against leadership qualities possessed by a companion who produce prolific ranchers. Ranchers consider that a companion of his leadership qualities are ideal as a companion.

Determinants Considered by Consumers for Brand Selection - with Reference to Laptops in Albania

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margret Plloçi ◽  
Macit Koc
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Core Features

Abstract Purpose of the article There is relatively a big number of brands in the market of laptops nowadays in Albania. It appears that the number of brands offered in this market could easily be compared to the number of brands in Europe and even broader. The purpose of this study is to help Albanian vendors understand the criteria that consumers take into consideration when they make the decision to purchase a laptop. Methodology/methods The research is based on the collection and the analyses of the primary data collected through interviews to people like managers or employees who work in the sector of trading laptops or in businesses like education where laptops are broadly used recently; then a survey is done through a questionnaire delivered to customers who already own and use a laptop and customers who are potential buyers of laptops. Scientific aim The aim of the research is to identify if there are any relationships between the demographics of the consumers and the criteria of buying a laptop; on the other hand, to find out how is the relationship between the demographics and the features of different brands. Findings The study found out that Albanian consumers have good knowledge of laptops and their brands, and they use different sources of information for making their decisions in buying a laptop; it is found that there are relationships between some demographics like age or gender and the appraisal for some attributes of the laptops like price, design and high graphics card; it is also found that some technical features and other attributes of using laptops are some of the determinants that influence the laptops’ purchases. Conclusions It is realized that one of the most important demographics of the consumers is their age. Some core features like RAM, ROM, battery life, processor quality, light weight or attributes that are connected to the purposes of using the laptop computers like practicality and mobility in using them, work and studying processes, quick access to the internet are determinant factors which influence the decision making process of purchasing a laptop. I would recommend that future researches be focused also on the relationship between the customers’ income and their preferred brand or ranking brands according to the customers’ preferences. Such studies should also extend outside the city of Tirana.

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