scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPIC AND PARATHIPIC FACTORS ON THE TRAITS OF MILK PRODUCTION OF COWS UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
А. M. Salohub
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Fisher’S Criterion ◽  
Dairy Breed

The research was carried out to study the influence of genotypic and paratypical factors on the traits of milk production of cows Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed LLC "Mena-Avangard" Chernihiv region. In the conditions of pedigree herd, studied four groups of crossbred animals with conditional share heredity of Holstein breed: I – < 62.5%; ІІ – 62.6–75.0; III – 75.0–87.5 and IV – 87.6 and > . According to results of researches cow’s crossbred groups of breeding herd Ukrainian Red-and-White breed with a different conditional blood by Holstein breed, was found reliable influence of heredity of improving breed on the level of milk yield and output of milk fat in the dynamics of estimated lactation. Cow’s milk yield with each heredity increase of improver breed grew respectively by 12.5% within crossbred groups. Thus, when comparing cow's group of Holstein blood < 62.5% with their counterparts with blood 62.6–75.0%, advantage was 301 kg in favor of the latter with reliable difference at P < 0.01. Next blood increase to 75.0–87.5% led to a corresponding increase in yield at 262 kg (P < 0.01). Animals with heredity Holstein breed 87.6% higher than the previous generation dominated with a high difference 345 kg of milk (P < 0.001). The blood flow of Holstein breed by 25% resulted in increased milk yield of first-calf cows by 908 kg (P < 0.001). The fat content in milk through this crossing the blood decreased only 0.05% and was not confirmed by reliability, whereas milk fat yield increased with a high significance difference of 31.9 kg (P < 0.001). According to results of one-factor dispersion analysis, was found that value of yield and output level of milk fat in the first lactation cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, respectively, by 5.5–6.2 and 4.7–9.2%, depend on paratypical factors (year and season of birth and year and season of the first calving), as confirmed by high reliability according to Fisher's criterion. The level of milk yield and milk fat cows in first lactation significantly - correspondingly 25.3 and 15.8%, depending on the conditional share of heredity Holstein breed. However, the highest rates of influence on yield level and milk fat of the first-calf cows were obtained by size of comprehensive selection index of cow's mother (57.1 and 44.7%), average breeding value of mother for milk yield (64.4 and 45.4%), and for milk fat (53.5 and 38.9%). With high reliability on indicators of milk production influencing standardized breeding value parent by quantity of milk yield and milk fat (= 0.283 and 0.178). Calculations show that dispersion of traits development of yield and milk fat of cows first-calf due to the influence of heredity of sires used lines and is respectively 15.7 and 10.9%. Fisher's criterion reliability by these indicators exceed the threshold of the third level (P < 0.001). Thus, the power of influence heredity of Holstein breed, selection indexes of mothers and parents of cows and father lines on the milk yield level and milk yield output indicating the possibility of effective breeding of the studied dairy cattle by selection of ancestors with a high estimation of selection indices and pedigree value.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY AND HEREDITY OF THE BULL`S BREEDING VALUE OF DIFFERENT GENEALOGICAL FORMATIONS OF THE HOLSTEIN BREED

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
A. P. Krugliak ◽  
T. O. Krugliak
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Third Line

The results of analytical studies of breeding value variability on the basis of milk productivity, selected for reproduction of bulls of different genealogical formations of Holstein breed, are presented. A statistically significant difference between the breeding value of the milk yield of bulls and their parents of different genealogical groups was established. The variability of bulls breeding traits and the milk productivity of their daughters in the middle of genealogical formations was dominated by similar indicators between genealogical formations. In the middle of related genealogical formations, animals of new generations significantly outnumbered animals of earlier generations in level of breeding value. The high correlation between breeding value of milk yield, milk fat and protein of parents and their sons was identified. The highest correlation coefficient (r = +0.643 ± 0.030) was established between the absolute milk productivity of daughters for 305 days of first lactation and the level of breeding value of milk yield of their parents, which decreased sharply when compared with their ancestors of older generations. It was also established, that the breeding value of the animals of the new genealogical formations (sons, fathers, mothers) of Tradition 1682485 and Valiant 1650414 was always higher (on 161.2; 121.4; 209.4 kg worth), compared to the older related groups of Elevation and Chief, on which basis they have been formed. This indicates about decreasing of appearance frequency of leader bulls in a single related group during breeding. The sons of these bulls inherit the signs of milk productivity, their breeding value exceeded that of their parents: by milk fat – by 2.4–20.0 kg, total protein – by 0.7–11.8 kg. The absolute milk production of their daughters in the 305 days of the first lactation was 11201–13173 kg of milk, 411–475 kg of milk fat and 337–383 kg of total protein, which exceeded the productivity of their contemporarys by 113–1025 kg of milk, 8.6–55.6 kg milk fat and 9.3–30.3 kg total protein. A similar predictable of variability of the breeding value of animals of different genealogical formations of the Holstein breed for milk fat and protein in milk was established. The level of breeding value of the fathers has the greatest influence on the level of milk production of their daughters of the Holstein breed (the influence force is 35.1%). In second place was the force of influence breeding value of the father-fathers on the milk yield of their granddaughters, which was 11.7%. The third place was occupied by the influence of the breeding value of mothers on the level of milk productivity of their daughters (η2х = 10,6%). These forces of influence of these ancestors on the level of milk productivity of the firstborn cows are statistically significant (P < 0.05–0.001). The last place of force of influence (η2х) on the level of milk productivity of the firstcalve heifers take the male ancestors, who are in their third line of pedigree (FFF), it was 2.7% and was not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the productive-economic indicators of cows of Yaroslavl breed of different genotypes

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
N. Kosyachenko ◽  
Marina Abramova ◽  
M. Lapina
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Blood Fraction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Aim. The study of the influence of crossbriding on the growth and development of heifers and subsequent productive and reproductive qualities of cows on the first lactation. Methods. Using statistical methods, correlation analysis and ANOVA for evaluated genetic indicators of economic-valuable traits of dairy cattle. In particular was studied live weight of heifers from birth to 18 months, first insemination age and first fecundation age, live weight at fecundation, frequency of insemination, first calving age, days open, live weight at first lactation, milk yield for 305 days (kg), fat (%, kg) and protein (%, kg) in milk. Results. Relationship between productive indicators and the genotype of the animal is established. When assessing the strength of the influence of the factor «blood on the Holstein breed» it was found that the greatest impact can be traced at the age of 6 and 18 months, and is respectively 12.7 % and 17.1 %.The reproductive qualities of the first-calf cows decreased with the increase percent of blood in the Holstein breed. Evaluation of the impact of crossbreeding on milk production at first lactation has revealed significant strong influence on milk yield for 305 days of first lactation, and related signs the amount of milk fat and protein. According to qualitative indicators, the low influence of the Holstein blood fraction was found, while to a greater extent on the fat content than on the protein content in milk. Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic correlations of milk yield and quality components of milk revealed average negative phenotypic and low negative genotypic correlation in all groups. The exception was in heifers of Yaroslavl breed with percent of Holstein blood less than 50 %, in which the relationship of yield x protein was positive. The relationship between milk yield and fat and protein content in milk has the opposite moderate character and strength. Practical significance. Studies was established that breeding of animals of Holstein and Yaroslavl breeds in one herd allows to receive an optimum ratio of milk production with optimal percentage fat and protein. For this herd among animals of the improved genotypes of the Yaroslavl breed, the use of genotypes with a percent of blood in the Holstein breed from 75.1 % to 87.6 % is optimal, which should be taken into account when selecting bulls to the breeding program.

scholarly journals GENESIS AND PROSPECTS OF RED DAIRY CATTLE IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 41-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Gladiy ◽  
Yu. P. Polupan ◽  
I. V. Bazyshina ◽  
A. E. Pochukalyn ◽  
T. P. Koval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Dairy Breed

Ukrainian population of red dairy cattle is genetically active, its gene pool is significantly improved in each of the next generations, mainly due to artificial selection. Currently breeding structure of Ukrainian Red Dairy breed has the prospect of future expansion due to creating Podolian zonal type. Features of its formation are to use as the original breed, which being improved, Red Polish cattle. This breed, as Red Steppe cattle, was listed as a breed to preserve the gene pool under pure breeding. However, gene pool preservation of these breeds is impossible through lack of sufficient number of purebred bulls or their semen at breeding enterprises in Ukraine. The aim of our research was to study genesis and development prospects of red dairy cattle in Ukraine. Materials and methods of research. The materials of the research were the data of identifying breed composition of cattle in Ukraine by January 1, 2015, State Breeding List for 2005, 2010 and 2015, the electronic information database of leading breeding farms for 2007 and 2011 and database of bulls admitted to using during 2005, 2010 and 2015 of Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics named after M.V. Zubets of NAAS. Results. Currently the group of cows of red breeds is about 365 thousand head, including 97.9 thousand head concentrated in agricultural enterprises. The largest share of this group takes the Red Steppe cattle (84.5%), the smallest one –Ayrshire and Angler breeds (0.7-0.8%). In Ukraine, the total number of Ukrainian Red Dairy cattle is about 40 thousand head, including 21.4 thousand head of cattle concentrated in agricultural enterprises. The results of these annual reports have shown that the average milk yield of the group of cows of red breeds was 3328 kg of milk in 2001. Then milk yield increased with each subsequent studied period and reached the highest figure of 4681 kg in 2014. So, increasing milk yield of cows was by 1353 kg of milk or 29% during fourteen years (2001-2014). The number of breeding animals of Red Steppe, Red Polish, Ayrshire, and Ukrainian Red Dairy breeds significantly decreased in the controlled part of population during the past fourteen years. However, level of milk production and quality increased slightly, except for Red Polish breed. Thus, 4688 cows of Ukrainian Red Dairy breed had milk yield in 5981 kg and milk fat content in 3.88% according to the appraisal of 2014, whereas, in 2013, 4902 cows had milk yield in 5837 kg with milk fat content in 3.86%. Up to 90% of the realized genetic progress in large-scale breeding is provided by using proven bulls, resulting most current need is to restore the national system of selection and testing of sires. The results show that during the past ten years, the number of proven bulls, admitted to using within the red breeds decreased almost seven times with a simultaneous increase 2.2 times in breeding value. Among 410 proven bulls, admitted to using in 2005 (bulls which being tested by progeny), unreasonably disproportionate share was for Holstein sires – 245 (59.8%), whereas, the share of bulls of the red breeds – 13.7%. In 2010, 123 bulls (65.4%) were of Holstein breed and only 9 ones (4.8%) – of Ukrainian Red Dairy among 188 bulls, admitted to using. In 2014, a similar situation was observed; there were 93 bulls, admitted to using, including 48 ones (51.6%) of Holstein and only 3 ones (3.2%) of Ukrainian Red Dairy breed. Given the current state of livestock breeding base on all the red breeds (Red Steppe, Ukrainian Red Dairy, Angler, Red Polish) we developed possible options of parameters of large-scale breeding. During the planning period the number of the controlled cows of the red breeds (mainly Ukrainian Red Dairy cattle) should be significantly increased. Calculations show that in the first stage of the program available number of cows in breeding farms, even if 30% of cows allocated to mating with laid-off bulls, is less than a third of the minimum at pressure of selection among laid-off bulls 1: 4 by productivity of 50 daughters. At the end of the program it is planned to increase the pressure of selection among laid-off bulls to 1:5 under increase of the controlled livestock number to 43700 cows (nearly 4.4 times against currently available one) Conclusion. Our results showed that, the number of breeding farms, in which were bred red cattle, significantly declined and the livestock number also decreased whereas milk production increased during 2001-2015. The high level of genetic potential of Ukrainian Red Dairy cows indicates the presence of highest-yielding cows with yield more than 10 000 kg of milk. At the same time, such animals at breeding farms for breeding Red Polish, Steppe, Ayrshire and Angler cattle weren’t found. During the past ten years, the number of proven bulls of red breeds, admitted to using, decreased almost seven times with a simultaneous increase of breeding value in 2.2 times. Predominance of Holstein bulls remains indisputable on reliability of assessment of breeding value. It causes the biggest request and the widest offer on the market of semen from bulls of the breed. The actual destruction of domestic system of sires breeding caused significantly lower rate of repeatability of breeding values in bulls of the red breeds. This is a concern and threatens possible loss or significant restriction of the gene pool of red breeds.

EVALUATION OF THE HOLSTEIN BREED SIRES BY THE QUALITY OF OFFSPRING

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.И. САКСА
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Holstein Bulls

Приведены результаты использования быков голштинской породы, оцененных по качеству потомства, в хозяйствах Российской Федерации, в зависимости от происхождения, метода разведения и уровня их племенной ценности в стране происхождения. Анализ материалов оценки голштинских быков по качеству потомства показал, что из 1995 быков 40,9% являются улучшателями удоя (+183 кг молока, +7,2 кг молочного жира), 52,7% — нейтральными (-86 кг молока, -3,3 кг молочного жира) и только 0,3% — ухудшателями (-407 кг молока, -15,2 кг молочного жира). Высокая доля нейтральных быков (52,7%) и отрицательная оценка их племенной ценности по удою — результат действующей «инструкции», согласно которой производителям при оценке до -1404 кг молока по сравнению со сверстницами присваивают категорию «нейтральный». Выявлены племенные качества голштинских быков в зависимости от метода разведения. Высокую племенную ценность по удою (+439 кг молока) имеют голштинские быки, оцененные по качеству потомства на маточном поголовье скота ярославской породы. Племенная ценность быков, оцененных на маточном поголовье холмогорского скота, составила +153 кг, на поголовье черно-пестрого — +23 кг молока; при чистопородном разведении — +5 кг молока. Результаты использования импортной спермы 196 быков различного происхождения на поголовье 17087 дочерей-первотелок (8665 кг молока, 3,89% жира, 3,23% белка) свидетельствуют, что одни и те же быки имели наиболее высокую племенную ценность по удою при скрещивании с черно-пестрыми коровами (от +100 кг до 272 кг молока) по сравнению с чистопородным разведением (от +14 кг до -81 кг молока). Вышеуказанная закономерность сохраняется при оценке голштинских быков различного происхождения с уровнем племенной ценности до +601 кг молока в стране происхождения. Только выдающиеся по своим племенным качествам производители (+601 кг молока и более в стране происхождения), оцененные в отечественных стадах, имели высокую племенную ценность как при чистопородном разведении (+490 кг молока), так и при скрещивании (+539 кг молока) при продуктивности дочерей свыше 9000 кг молока. Выделены быки с высокими индивидуальными значениями племенной ценности. Для совершенствования продуктивных качеств скота голштинской породы необходимо использовать в воспроизводстве быков с оценкой племенной ценности по удою методом «дочери—сверстницы» не менее +200 кг молока. Требования к уровню племенной ценности быков увеличиваются с ростом продуктивности стад. The results of the use of Holstein breed bulls, evaluated by the merit of the offspring, in the farms of the Russian Federation, depending on the origin, breeding method and the level of their breeding value in the country of origin, are presented. Analysis of data for evaluating Holstein bulls by the merit of their offspring showed that out of 1995 bulls 40.9% are milk yield improvers (+183 kg of milk, +7.2 kg of milk fat), 52.7% are neutral (-86 kg of milk, -3, 3 kg of milk fat) and only 0.3% — deteriorating (-407 kg of milk, -15.2 kg of milk fat). The high proportion of neutral bulls (52.7%) and a negative evaluation of their breeding value for milk yield is the result of the current “instruction”, according to which sires, when evaluating up to -1404 kg of milk compared to their herd-mates, are assigned the category “neutral”. The breeding merits of Holstein bulls were revealed depending on the breeding method. Holstein bulls have a high breeding value for milk yield (+439 kg of milk), evaluated by their offspring merit when using Yaroslavl cattle mothers. The breeding value of bulls evaluated on the Kholmogory breeding mothers was +153 kg, on the Black and White stock - +23 kg of milk; with purebred breeding — +5 kg of milk. The results of using imported semen from 196 sires of various origins in a herd of 17087 first-calf daughters (8665 kg of milk, 3.89% fat, 3.23% protein) indicate that the same bulls had the highest breeding value for milk yield when mated with Black and White cows (+100 kg to +272 kg of milk) in comparison with purebred breeding (+14 kg to -81 kg of milk). The above mentioned rule holds true when evaluating Holstein bulls of various origins with a breeding value of up to +601 kg of milk in the country of origin. Only top sires with outstanding breeding merit (+601 kg of milk and more in the country of origin), evaluated in domestic herds, had a high breeding value both in pure-bred stocks (+490 kg of milk) and when crossing (+539 kg of milk) with the productivity of daughters over 9000 kg of milk. Bulls with high individual values of breeding merit have been identified. In order to improve the productive qualities of Holstein cattle, it is necessary to use bulls with the evaluation of the milk yield breeding merit of at least 200 kg of milk by the "daughter-herd mates" method. The requirements for the level of breeding value of bulls increase with the increase of the herd productive ability.

ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ КОРОВ ХОЛМОГОРСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ С РАЗЛИЧНОЙ СТЕПЕНЬЮ ГОЛШТИНИЗАЦИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КОМИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. NIKOLAEV ◽  
N.A. SHEMURANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Blood Content ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
The Third ◽  
Economic Use

Представлены данные о продуктивности коров холмогорской породы и их помесей с различной степенью голштинизации. В период с 2000 по 2019 год установлено, что в условиях Республики Коми коровы с долей кровности более 75 по голштинской породе превосходят чистопородный холмогорский скот по показателям молочной продуктивности и жира в молоке за 1-ю лактацию на 40,3 и 0,63 абс., а в 3-ю на 52,8 и 0,64 абс., соответственно. Однако повышение молочности за лактацию не приводит к увеличению пожизненного производства молока, что обусловлено снижением продолжительности хозяйственного использования. У коров с долей кровности по голштинам более 75 средний возраст выбытия составляет 2,400,11 отела, что в 1,5 раза меньше по сравнению с чистопородными животными.Наибольший пожизненный удой имеют животные с кровностью 50, полученные при скрещивании чистопородного голштинского и холмогорского скота (19850618 кг), а наименьший с кровностью 2550 при разведении помесей в себе (123281134 кг). Продукция молочного жира за все лактации у коров с кровностью 50 составляет 799,625,3 кг, что в 1,9 раз больше аналогичного показателя животных с долей кровности до 25. При учете молочной продуктивности на 1 день жизни животного установлено, что наибольший показатель наблюдается у коров с кровностью 50 7,4 кг молока натуральной жирности, а при пересчете на базисную жирность (3,4) у высококровных (более 75) по голштинской породе помесей (9,00,3 кг), где также наблюдается наибольший показатель производства молочного жира на 1 день жизни 307,310,1 г.The article presents data on the productivity of cows of the Kholmogorskaya breed and their crosses with varying degrees of holsteinische. In the course of studies conducted in the period from 2000 to 2019, it was found that in the Komi Republic, cows with a blood content of more than 75 of the Holstein breed outperform pure-bred Kholmogorsky cattle in terms of milk productivity and fat in milk for the first lactation by 40.3 and 0.63, and in the third by 52.8 and 0.64 respectively. However, an increase in milk yield per lactation does not lead to an increase in lifetime milk production, which is due to a decrease in the duration of economic use: in cows with a Holstein blood ratio of more than 75, the average leaving age is 2.400.11 calving, which is 1.5 times less than in purebred animals. The highest lifetime yield is given to animals with a blood content of 50 obtained by crossing Chi-pedigree Holstein and Kholmogorsky cattle (19850618 kg), and the lowest with a blood content of 2550 when breeding crossbreeds in themselves (123281134 kg). The production of milk fat during all lactation in cows with a blood content of 50 is 799.625.3 kg, which is 1.9 times more than in animals with a blood content of up to 25. When accounting for milk production on a day in the life of an animal is established that the highest milk yield observed in cows with percentage of the blood 50 and 7.4 kg of milk, natural fat content, and at recalculation on basic fat content (3.4) from 75 of the Holstein breed hybrids (9.00.3 kg), which also has the highest production of milk fat on day 1 of life 307.310.1 grams

scholarly journals Genetic trends for milk, fat and protein in the Zimbabwean Holstein-Friesian population from 1973 to 1994

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
K. Kunaka ◽  
S. M. Makuza ◽  
C. B. A. Wollny ◽  
J. W. Banda
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Genetic Trends

Abstract. Genetic trends based on 30 395 records with parities 1 to 8 were estimated using average information restricted maximum likelihood algorithm (AIREML), which had overall mean, herd, month of calving, year of birth, parity and linear and quadratic effects of days in milk. Due to changes in the Zimbabwean milk recording system data set was split into records of cows born from 1973 to 1989 and the other from 1987 to 1994. The first data set was further split into even numbered herds (EVNH73) and odd numbered herds (ODNH73), due to computational limitations. The highest milk production was from May to August. Peak milk production was observed in parity 4. The heritabilities for FCM (0.22 to 0.26), fat percent (0.24 to 0.28) and protein percent (0.21) were comparable to literature values. The annual genetic trends of FCM ranged from 8.36 kg to 13.2 kg, fat per cent ranged from 0.0 % to −0.008 % and protein per cent was −0.003 % in the three data sets. Genetic trends for milk yield, fat and protein yield were also positive but overally lower than in most other countries. The positive genetic trends obtained for milk, fat and protein yields imply that some progress has been made in increasing the milk production despite the relatively small population and significant restrictions. There is need to develop a selection index to improve milk yield and milk composition.

THE FORMATION OF FACTORY FAMILIES OF UKRAINIAN BROWN DAIRY BREED

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Y. I. Sklyarenko ◽  
T. O. Chernyavska ◽  
L. V. Bondarchuk ◽  
I. P. Ivankova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Average Lifetime ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Dairy Breed

The aim of the research was to study milk production of many factory families of Ukrainian Brown dairy breed and study the influence of origin on the indices of milk yield, duration and effectiveness of lifetime use of cows. Method. For research allocated 9 factory families of Ukrainian Brown dairy breed of State Enterprise «Experimental Farm of Institute of Agriculture of Northern East of NAAS» (Valuty 413, Voli 8369, Laymy 8221, Miry 7209, Ryabuhy 9728, Sujety 6091, Tochky 8169, Chubarochky 7743, Shchepky 4344). Among the indicators of the duration and effectiveness of lifetime use of cows was determined the duration (days) of life, economic use of and of lactation, number of lactations for life, lifetime milk yield and yield of milk fat (kg) average lifetime content (%) fat in milk, milk yield (kg) per day of life, economic use and lactation. The coefficient of economic use was calculated (expression in percent) by the proposed method by Pelehaty M. S. et al. In addition were determined (also in percentage) coefficient of lactation and the coefficient of productive use offered by Polupan Y. P. Milk productivity of the animals was evaluated according to the materials of the primary zoo-technical account. Statistical processing of results of studies was conducted by methods of mathematical statistics using the PC. The results of the research. By analyzing the productivity of cows managed to identify a significant level of specificity and differentiation of families according to the indications. Of the 90 cows accounted for the highest productivity of lactation, 28, or 31%, had hopes of 5.0 thousand kg and above. Most of these cows had family, Miry 7209 (67%), Ryabuhy 9728 (57%), Valuty 413 (55%), Shchepky 4344 (50%), less-Sujety 6091 (36%), Chubarochky 7743 (33%), Tochky 8169 (25%), Laymy 8221 (16%), Voli 8369 (10%). Over a long period of economic use and lactation of animals of Valuty 413 family resulted higher in comparison with other families a lifelong yield. The influence of the origin of cows on the indices of milk productivity and effectiveness for lifelong use was discovered. The origin of the family significantly influenced on milk yield for better lactation and milk yield per 1 day of life. Other indicators were not significant according to the origin, although they had high values (from 5.4 to 26.7%). So we can consider it expedient to work with families to improve the duration and effectiveness of lifetime use of cows. Conclusions. The highest average yield for the first lactation animals is characterized by animals of Ryabuhy 9728 family, the content of fat in milk – by animals of Voli 8369 family. Long average duration and a better efficiency is in the life of the cows of Valuty 413 family. The highest average milk yield in one day life had animals of Valuty 413 family. Animals of Valuty 413 family are allocated at the average value of the coefficient of economic use. Optimal average lactation animals belong to the Voli 8369 and Shchepky 4344 families. In some families identified animals that have a lifetime yield of more than 50.0 thousand kg of milk. The influence of the origin of cows on the indices of milk productivity and effectiveness of lifetime use was installed. Between separate parameters of milk production and indicators of the duration and effectiveness of lifetime use of a set of reliable correlation, the magnitude and direction of which are different in animals of different families.

scholarly journals GENETIC FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Vechorka ◽  
L. M. Khmelnychyi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Line P ◽  
Dairy Breed

The purpose of research was to study the influence of genetic factors (belonging to the line and conditional blood on the improvement breed) on the formation of milk productivity of cows in Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed in the basic pedigree herds (“Mayak” of Zolotonosha district of Cherkasy region and LLC “Vladana” of Sumy district in the Sumy region) in the conditions of the central and northeastern region of Ukraine at the present stage of breeding. The level of indicators of dairy productivity of cows in the controlled herds of two breeding farms of breed which was created according to the classical scheme of reproductive crossbreeding, testified to excellent results of the breed formation. The milk yield of cows during the evaluation of seven lactations changed to third, and after the fourth, the number of animals in both households slightly decreased. For the best lactation, he equaled 6548 kg from cows of the farm "Mayak", and 7326 kg from cows of "Vladana" farm. With regard to the content of fat in milk, a very important breeding indicator – its quality, it varied within 0,78–3,86% in cows of herds of the farm "Mayak" and 3,75–3,99% – in cows herds of the economy "Vladana". However, the best possible characterization of the genetic potential of dairy animals was milk yield for the best lactation, which was determined in controlled herds of farms "Mayak" and "Vladana", respectively – 8276 and 8779 kg of milk. According to the results of research, differentiation of indicators characterizing the milk yield of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White milk breeds undeniably testified to the hereditary effect of genealogical formations on their variability. In the herd of "Mayak" farm, the best were lines of Inhance 343514 and Valiant 1650414 and the genealogical line – Starbuck 352790 were found to be the best. The reliable difference of filial dgeneration of the above mentioned lines for milk yield of the first (654–1598 kg; P < 0.001) and the best (1238–2062 kg; P < 0.001) of lactation in comparison with the progeny of lines Eleveishn, Mett and P. F. A. Chif testified about their hereditary influence on the development of this trait. Sufficiently well characterized performance indicators in the herd "Vladana" most numerous offspring of bull-sires line P. F. A. Chif with a yield for the first and best lactation respectively – 6580 and 7886 kg of milk. Their difference by this indicator at the age of the first lactation was significant in comparison with offspring of Eleveishn line (1537 kg; P < 0.001), R. Sovrin (1430 kg; P < 0.001) and Starbuck (509 kg; P < 0.001). According to the higher lactation, offspring of the sires of line P. F. A. Chif dominated on cows of remaining lines with a very high difference of 905 kg (P < 0.001; Hanover line) to 1164 kg (P < 0.001; R. Sovrein's line). When studying the effect of conditional inheritance Holstein dairy efficiency it found that the best highest milk yield according to the first lactation were both controlled by the crossbred animal herds with a high proportion of Holstein blood, whereas in low-blooded animal milk yield was significantly less. The difference in favor of animals with Holstein heredity 87.6–100% in comparison with all groups of cows with lower blood in the herd "Mayak" was according to the first lactation from 263 kg (P < 0.01; 75.1–87.5% ) to 1765 kg (P < 0.001, 50.1–62.5%). In the herd "Vladana", high-blood animals by Holstein breed (87.6–100%) dominated on the rest group of crossbred cows for milk yield in the first lactation 704–2429 kg with high reliability (P < 0.001). Conclusions. Created Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed at the present stage of breeding consolidation has been characterized by excellent results on the basis of milk productivity, regardless of the region of its use, which depending on the successful selection of genealogical formations. Structuring of the breed into differentiated genealogical and stud lines was a prerequisite for further effective intrabreed breeding. According to the research of two leading breeding flocks found a significant impact on conventional blood by the improvement breed formation on milk production of cows, including best performance obtained by absorbing crossing.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS WITH LIVE WEIGHT AND AGE AT THE FIRST INSEMINATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
G. D. Ilyashenko
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dairy Breed ◽  
Intensive Growth

The efficiency of the use of cattle of one or another breed is determined both by the level of milk productivity and the ability of the cattle to reproduce. At the same time, the future reproductive capacity, milk yield and duration of economic use to a large extent depends on the live weight and age when heifers insemination. The purpose of research. Study the effect of live weight and age at the first insemination on the milk productivity cows of Ukrainian red dairy breed. Methods. The research was carried out in the breeding plant of the state enterprise "Elite" of the Kirovograd state agricultural research station of NAAS on 697 cows of Ukrainian red dairy breeds, which were found during 2004–2014. Milk productivity of cows and their live weight and age at the first insemination were investigated according to the materials of the primary zootechnical and pedigree records. The degree of connection of live weight and age at the first insemination with milk productivity was estimated by correlation analysis. One-factor dispersion analysis determined the level of influence of the age of the first insemination and live weight on the productivity of cows. The calculations were made using methods of mathematical statistics using the software package "STATISTICA-6.1". Results of research. By the analysis of milk production on experimental cows, determined, that its level depends on the live weight of animals at the first insemination. Therefore, cows with live weight at the first insemination was 420–439 kg, dominated by mercy unique live weight of 380 kg in the first lactation at 244 kg (6242 vs 5998 kg), td = 1,96 for the third – 1069 kg (7465 vs 6396 kg), td = 2,37 by best lactation 498 kg (7916 vs 7418 kg), td = 2,03, significance level for all lactation (P < 0,05). To the milk fat, accordingly, the predominance was 13.2 kg (260,2 vs 247,0 kg), 22,9 (309,5 vs 286,6 kg) and 21,0 kg (325,1 vs 304,1 kg), the difference is close to the true values. The peers with a live weight of 400–419 kg and 440 kg and more also yielded in the first milk yield. The difference the milk I, III and the best lactation was 72 kg, 219 kg and 91 161 kg, 674, 589 kg for milk fat yield 5 kg, 10.3, 6.1 kg and 11.5 kg, 28.8, 19.5 kg, respectively. Due to the lesser number of animals, the vast majority of values did not reach a reliable level. Studies of milk productivity of cows, depending on the age of the first insemination, showed that its cow was the highest, which were counted at the age of 455 days. The lowest rates of dairy productivity were the animals that were fertilized at the age of 606 or more days. Correlation analysis found the highly reliable of feedback age insemination of cows milk yield in the first three lactation (-0,25 ... -0,37). Similar patterns of feedback for somewhat lower correlation coefficients are noted with the release of milk fat (-0,23 ... -0,33). Coherence of live weight at the I insemination and follow-on milk production was significantly lower (compared with age insemination) in absolute value, for only a certain level of first lactation milk yield and milk fat yield (P < 0,05). The significant influence of the investigated factors on milk yield of cows is established. Thus, by milk yield and milk fat and protein for 305 days of lactation cows power of influence age of first insemination exceeded 50%, the fat and protein in milk index of potency is 32 and 30% by high-confidence values for milk yield and yield of milk protein and fat . Somewhat lower than 20 to 33%, the effect of live weight on the first insemination was shown on the performance of cows. Сonclusion. The heifers of the Ukrainian Red dairy breed in conditions of the Central region of Ukraine advisable to fertilize at the age of 455 days, or 14,5–15 months, when they reach the living weight of 420–439 kg. The revealed feedback of the inseminative age and milk productivity can be explained by more intensive growth, better development and economic rapidity of the previously diced heifers and its should lead to intensive rearing of young animals. Determined, that the force of age-old influence of the first insemination on the lactic productivity of the cows exceeds 50%, the live weight reaches from 20 to 33%. Discovered tendency also confirms the expediency of intensive growth of repair heifers.

scholarly journals Milk productivity and reproductive ability of ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed cows of different type of constitution

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (74) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Y. Shcherbatyj ◽  
P. V. Bodnar ◽  
Y. G. Kropyvka
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Constitution Type ◽  
Dairy Breed

The analysis was done on milk production and the reproductive ability of cows of Ukrainian Black-Spotted dairy breed cows of different types of constitution under conditions of breeding farm «Yamnytsya» Tysmenytsya district, Ivano-Frankivsk region. Determining the type of constitution of animals was carried out by mass-metric coefficient, indicator of which were differentiated from its deviation from the arithmetic mean share at 0.43 of sigma (σ), three types of constitution: tight, intermediate and loose. It is established that the milk yield and reproducible ability of cows depended on the type of constitution. For the first, second, third and better lactation the highest milk yield and the amount of milk fat were observed cows of dense type of constitution, and what prevailed animals of intermediate and loose types in 428.0–1318.2 and 11.9–49.2 kg respectively. The largest share of influence of the type constitution on yield and the amount of butterfat in the first lactation (18.51 and 18.42%) and on the fat content in milk for the second and third lactation (10.98 and 17.11%). The correlation coefficients between the type of constitution and milk yield, depending on lactation, were in the range 0.047–0.410, fat content in milk – -0.098– -0.423 and the number of milk fat – -0.032– +0.403. The highest connection between the type of constitution and milk yield milk yield and quantity of milk fat were observed in the first lactation, and in the second, the third and best lactation – between the type of constitution and fat content in milk. Lower age of first calving cows were characterized cows of dense type of constitution, which conceded intermediate and loose type. For the duration of service- and between calving period, the coefficient of reproductive capacity, calves output per 100 cows, index of heifers insemination and firstborn cows, animals of dense type constitution conceded the intermediate and loose types. High and reliable (P < 0.01–0.001) influence of constitution type had on the duration and service-and between-calving period, the coefficient of reproductive capacity, calves output per 100 cows, and index of heifers insemination – within 6.03–7.09%, and the smallest - on the duration of gestation of heifers and firstborn cows – 0.66 and 0.41% respectively. The highest positive and highly probable correlation coefficients were observed between the type of constitution of animals and the duration of their service- and between calving period (0.283 and 0.278) and negative, but probable links – between the type of constitution and coefficient of reproductive capacity (-0.271) and calves output per 100 cows (-0.269). Available communication indicates the possibility and expediency of dairy cattle breeding by mass-metric coefficient, that will promote simultaneous enhancement of their milk production at selection by external-constitutional type.

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