scholarly journals Linear growth and development of white lupine plants depending on growing technology and weather conditions

1970 ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
A. V. Holodna ◽  
N. H. Buslaeva
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
White Lupine ◽  
Object Of Study

Purpose. Determination of the influence of seed biodisinfectant, stimulator of growth and foliar feeding on the white lupine growth and development in the context of climate change. Methods. Field (to study the interaction of the object of study with biotic and abiotic factors); morphophysiological (for biological control over development of productivity elements at the stages of organogenesis); weight (to establish the indicators parameters of the crop structure elements and determine the grain yield); statistical (statistical processing of the research results). Results. The results of the analysis of the indicators of the average daily air temperature and the amount of precipitation from April to August and their comparison with long-term values are presented. Indicators of height and aboveground mass of white lupine plants in dynamics, depending on the pre-sowing seed treatment, plant growth stimulant and foliar feeding, correlation dependences of these indicators on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season have been established. Conclusions. The growth and development of white lupine plants depends on the elements of the technology of its cultivation, as well as hydrothermal conditions during the growing season of the crop. The highest plants (83.0 cm) with their maximum weight (143,8 g/plant) were noted in the variant where the seeds of white lupine were treated with БТУ-р bioinoculant simultaneously with the MicoHelp biodisinfectant and foliar feeding of plants with micronutrient fertilizer Trazex at the ІХ stage of organogenesis was carried out. Mathematical models have been developed that confirm the close relationship between the level of height indicators and the aboveground mass of white lupine plants with weather conditions, the critical periods of their influence in the ontogenesis of plants were also determined.

Influence of limiting factors of the growing season on the yield of early-maturing soybean varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Е. Belyshkina ◽  
◽  
E.V. Gureyeva
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Ecological Adaptability ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Sum Of Active Temperatures

Soybean has an ecological adaptability due to the deep selectivity of this crop in relation to the specific features of the growing zone. At the same time, it makes increased demands on heat and moisture, especially during certain "critical" periods of growth and development. The lower threshold of active average daily temperatures is 15–17oC, and for full maturation of ultra-ripe and early-maturing varieties, the sum of active temperatures of 1700–2100oС is required. Assessment of the agro-climatic resources of the Ryazan region indicates the possibility of growing precocious soybean varieties here. The limiting indicator in some critical periods may be insufficient moisture. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that soybean varieties of the Northern ecotype are able to form a stable yield in the conditions of the Ryazan region. At the same time, the lesser response to changes in agroclimatic conditions was shown by the Kasatka variety, which showed the shortest growing season and yield at the level of 1.00 t / ha. The Georgiya variety reacted more than any other to changes in weather conditions, its yield was from 1.24 to 1.72 t/ha over the years of research.

scholarly journals Formation of white lupine productivity depending on the fertilization and pre-sowing seed treatment

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
A. V. Holodna
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Growth Stimulator ◽  
White Lupine ◽  
Sowing Seed

Purpose. Intensification of generative development of white lupine plants in order to increase the rate of crop yield using the inoculant, fungicide and plant growth stimulator of biological origin and foliar nutrition with microfertilizer in the optimum time. Methods. Field (to study the interaction of the object of research with biotic and abiotic factors); morphophysiological (for biological control of the development of productivity elements in the stages of organogenesis); weighing (to set parameters of indices of the yield structure elements and determine grain yield); statistical (statistical processing of research results).Results. The article presents the results of research on the influence of bio-agents, in particular inoculant, fungicide and plant growth stimulator as well as foliar nutrition with microfertilizer in chelate form in various stages of organogenesis on the generative development of white lupine plants of «Chabanskyi» variety with an intermediate type of stem branching, formation of the elements of productivity and plant productivity. The optimal time period for foliar nutrition of plants is identified. It is established that the formation of the maximum mass of grain by plants in the experiment (13 g) requires the technology of white lupine growing that involves application of N30P45K90, planting of seeds treated with bio-inoculant BTU-r and bio-fungicide MikoHelp at a wide row spacing and seeding rate of 1.0 million seeds per hectare, spraying of plants in the branching phase with plant growth stimulator ‘Ratchet’ and foliar nutrition with micro-fertilizer Trazeks in the second stage of organogenesis.

scholarly journals Influence of mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and development of sandy everlasting Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench.

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K. Sawilska ◽  
Ewa Jendrzejczak ◽  
Monika Welc ◽  
Barbara Kieliszewska-Rokicka
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Development Phase ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Natural Plant

The significance of root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi for the growth and development of <i>Helichrysum arenarium</i> was investigated in two independent experiments. In the first experiment the association of root colonization level with the pluviothermal conditions within the growing season and the age of a natural plant population was analyzed. In the second one, under controlled conditions, the influence of artificial inoculation with the arbuscular fungus <i>Glomus intraradices</i> on the features of plants raised from achenes was studied. It was shown that hydrothermal conditions during blooming period had a greater influence on reproduction processes of sandy everlasting than both the population age (the secondary succession progress) and the level of root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi. High amount of precipitation at plant generative development phase positively influences the potential and actual fertility of ramets. The presence of arbuscular fungus in the soil favors the growth and development of sandy everlasting specimens at their early growing stages: they have a better-developed root system and a greater photosynthetic area.

DESTRUCTIVE HYDROTHERMAL FACTORS OF THE GROWING SEASON ONE MONTH BEFORE HARVEST, INCREASING THE LOSS OF APPLE FRUITS FROM "SUNBURN" DURING STORAGE

1970 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
А. L. Nikitin ◽  
М. А. Makarkina
Keyword(s):  
Calculated Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Warm Night ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Apple Fruits

Weather conditions affect both the resistance of apple fruits to physiological disorders during their storage, and the decrease in resilience to them. The damage of the fruits of susceptible apple cultivars by "scald" (browning of the skin) at the end of storage is influenced by weather conditions 30 days before harvesting them. In hot weather During the hot day and warm night, the fruits are more affected by "tan". Losses increase if the sum of the average daily temperatures >+10° C for the month before harvesting exceeds the threshold of 360-380°C. The analysis of the damage to the fruits by “scald "of susceptible new scab-immune columnar apple cultivars of the VNIISPK breeding – Vostorg, Poesia and Priokskoye at the end of their storage in various years (2014, 2016, 2018) showed a close dependence of this disorder on the conditions of humidification of the active growing season a month before harvest, expressed using the indicator of the conditional moisture balance, i.e. Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient (SHC). The damage to fruits by "sunburn" directly depends on the level of SHC. The dependence is approximated by the second-order parabola equation. The equations for calculating the quantitative losses of apple fruits from "scald" (at the end of storage) under hydrothermal conditions for a month before harvesting are obtained. The correlation relations between the empirically obtained and calculated data are from 0.99 to 1. The tops of the parabolas reflecting the maximum calculated damage of fruits by "scald" at the end of storage in relation to the coordinate axes have maximum peaks – from 11.17 (Priokskoye) to – 15.21-15.24% (for Vostorg and Poesia, respectively) with a SHC corresponding to dry conditions – 0.68; 0.69 and 0.70 (Priokskoye, Poesia and Vostorg, respectively). The higher the SHC, the lower the dependence curve and the damage to the fruits by "scald". The calculated data can be interpolated, and the SHC can be used as one of the predictor indicators that affect the quality of fruits during storage.

scholarly journals TAXONOMIC AND FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES OF DARK GREY SOIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
O. V. Sherstoboeva ◽  
O. S. Demianiuk
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Fallow Soil ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Correlation Pleiades

We analyzed the functional and taxonomic structure of microbial community of dark grey soil, depending on the effects of the weather and fertilizer systems. It was shown that fallow soil is characterized by integrated and more stable microbial community compared with agroecosystems soil. However, under the effect of such abiotic factors as increased average monthly temperatures and moisture deficiency, some imbalance of trophic interactions in microbiocenosis is observed. Agroecosystems are characterized by less stable functional and taxonomic structure of the soil, which is defined by the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season and types of fertilizers applied. This is supported by a smaller number of correlations and a simplified structure of correlation pleiades of the soil of agroecosystems during unfavourable periods of vegetation periods, especially in the soil without fertilizers and using only mineral fertilizers. The use of organic and mineral fertilizer system brings the state of the soil microbiocenosis of agroecosystems soil to that of fallow soil.

Zonal pathogen complex of sunflower in the left bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
I. Borovskaya ◽  
V. Petrenkova
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Charcoal Rot

Aim. To determine a set of sunfl ower pathogens and their variability infl uenced by hydrothermal conditions of the crop growing season. Methods. Over the period of 2007–2016, due to phytosanitary monitoring of breeding crops of the scientifi c crop rotation of the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev of NAAS, the prevalence degree, development intensity and variability of sunfl ower diseases in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine were estimated. The hydrothermal coeffi cient (HTC) is presented for the sunfl ower growing season and by developmental phases of the crop. Results. Phomopsis blight (Phomopsis/Diaporthe helianthi Munt.- Cvet. et al.), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea Pers.), dry rot (Rhizopus sp.), charcoal rot (Sclerotium bataticolaTaub), and downy mildew (Plasmopara helianthi Novot. f. helianthi) were the most common diseases on sunfl ower in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in 2007–2016. The weather conditions of 2007–2016 considerably varied and were characterized by fl uctuations in the hydrothermal coeffi cient (HTC) from 0.57 in 2009 to 1.1 in 2014. Assessing the incidence of the fi ve most common and harmful sunfl ower diseases (dry rot, charcoal rot, gray mold, Phomopsis blight, downy mildew) by cluster analysis for the ten-year study period in relation to the weather conditions of a year, we found that both dry and charcoal rots were co-associated with aridity, while downy mildew and gray mold were frequently promoted by waterlogging during a certain period of sunfl ower development. Unlike the other diseases, Phomopsis blight, being an annual disease, appears to have no clear dependence on any specifi c conditions. Conclusions. Based on the phytosanitary monitoring results of crops in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the sunfl ower phytopathogen complex composition was determined. The prevalence degrees for Phomopsis blight, gray mold, dry rot, charcoal rot, and downy mildew as well as the development intensities of Phomopsis and gray mold were established. The co-incidence of the fi ve most harmful sunfl ower diseases in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (dry rot, charcoal rot, gray mold, Phomopsis blight, downy mildew) was evaluated during the ten-year study period, depending on the weather conditions of a year.

scholarly journals Fermentative activity in the leaves of garden roses in conditions of humid subtropics of Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
K. V. Klemeshova ◽  
A. A. Budarin ◽  
N. N. Karpun
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes

The increased activity of enzymes that counteract the oxidative degradation of substances is one of the physiological and biochemical adaptations of plants to biotic and abiotic factors. The aim of the research was to study the peculiarities of the antioxidant system of garden roses to elaborate a methodology for a comprehensive evaluation of culture in the wet subtropics of the Russian Black Sea coast. The objects of study were garden rose varieties (Rosa × hybrida hort.), belonging to functional groups – bush and large-flowered, and differing in the degree of resistance to the main fungal diseases of the culture in the region (Diplocarpon rosae FA Wolf, Podosphaera pannosa (Wallr.) De Bary, Botrytis cinerea Pers., Phragmidium mucronatum (Pers.) Schltdl.) The activity of the antioxidant system was evaluated by the activity of the enzymes catalase and peroxidase (guaiacol). Catalase activity (CAT) in physiologically mature rose leaves was determined by the gasometric method according to I. I. Gunar, peroxidase (GPO) by the modified method according to I. P. Ermakov, according to the absorption spectrum (wavelength – 440 nm), recorded on the spectrophotometer PE-5400vi. The studies were carried out in dynamics during the growing season in 2016-2017. The article presents data on changes in the activity of enzymes of the primary antioxidant system – catalase and peroxidase, in the leaves of bush and large-flowered varieties of garden roses, which differ in the degree of resistance to the main phytopathogens of the culture in the region. Variety differences in the activity of enzymes, the dynamics of changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes during the growing season, the dependence of the enzymatic activity on the hydrothermal conditions of the humid subtropical climate of the Sochi Black Sea Region have been determined. Diagnostic parameters have been established to develop the methodology for a comprehensive evaluation of landscape gardening roses in the region. When developing methods for a comprehensive evaluation of garden roses, the activity of guaiacol peroxidase can be used to analyze the adaptive potential of the culture in the region.

scholarly journals Agroecological bases of optimization of formation of agrophytocenoses of agricultural crops in the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Balahura ◽  
V. M. Balan ◽  
S. M. Tymoshenko ◽  
M. P. Volokha
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Favorable Weather

Purpose. Identify the features of growth and development of crops in ontogenesis depending on the weather conditions of the growing season and fertilizer rates and establish certain theoretical relationships. Methods. Laboratoryfield, statistical. Results. A comprehensive system of observations and assessment of crops was carried out during 2008–2017 in crop rotation in farms of Tetiiv district of Kyiv region and in SE Shevchenkivske of IBCSB NAAS of Ukraine. Crop rotation productivity is a function of the complex interaction of weather (HTC) and agrotechnical (fertilizer) factors. It is established that the potential productivity of crop rotations by 8–47% depends on the weather conditions of the growing season. The most favorable weather conditions (HTC) were in 2008 (1.1), 2010 (1.2), 2012 (1.2), and 2014 (1.8). The results of the research also showed a close relationship between crop yield and fertilizer factor. On average, over the years of research, the maximum yield of the main products was obtained with the combined use of mineral and organic fertilizers: sugar beet 40.91–43.21 t/ha, fodder beet 69.3–69.5 t/ha, corn for grain 5, 906.03 t/ha, corn for silage, 60.0 62.3 t/ha. Conclusions. To create highly productive agrophytocenoses of agricultural crops, it is necessary to reach the parameters of optimal density, which contributes to the maximum biological productivity of plants in the system ‘hydrothermal conditions–plants–components of technology’.

scholarly journals Impact of the depth of fertilizer localization on the nutrient regime of Luvic Chernic Phaozem and yield of spring barley

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
V. M. Smychenko ◽  
◽  
M. M. Miroshnychenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Local Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Regime ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the research is to determine the impact of the depth of local application of mineral fertilizers on the nutrient content in the arable layer of soil and the yield of spring barley. The studies were carried out during 2018 - 2020 in a temporary small-plot experiment. Soil – chernozem podzolized loamy (Luvic Chernic Phaeozem). The application of N60P60K60 in the form of nitroammophoska or a mixture of ammophos, ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride was compared to a depth of 10-12 cm and 20-22 cm from the soil surface. The row spacing of barley crops was 15 cm; the fertilizer tape was placed at a distance of 4-5 cm away from the row. Mixed soil samples were taken from fertilizer tapes twice during the growing season of barley (in the first half of the growing season and after harvesting). The weather conditions were quite contrasting: in 2018 it was dry at the beginning of the growing season and during grain ripening, in 2019 was dry only during the formation of grain, and in 2020 - rather humid and relatively cool during almost the entire growing season. At the beginning of the growing season of barley in 2018, the highest content of mineral nitrogen in the soil was found with a shallow location of the fertilizers, but in 2019-2020 - in case fertilizer tapes at 20-22 cm from the surface. Location of fertilizer at a depth of 20-22 cm also provided a higher level of mobile phosphorus and potassium in the soil than applying at a depth of 10-12 cm. After the barley harvest, the highest accumulation of mineral nitrogen in the soil in 2018 was found with shallow application and in 2019-2020 - with deeper application. A tendency of more accumulation of chlorophyll in plants was observed with an increase in the depth of fertilization. Local application of fertilizers gave a reliable increase in yield in all variants of the experiment. However, the increase was twice as high when placing the fertilizer tape was at a depth of 20-22 cm as at a depth of 10-12 cm. Application of nitroammophoska to a depth of 20-22 cm was more effective than mixtures of simple and complex fertilizers. It was concluded that the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season and the depth of the location of fertilizers mutually affect the nutrient regime of the soil. The advantage of deep fertilization is more significant under insufficient moisture.

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