Influence of limiting factors of the growing season on the yield of early-maturing soybean varieties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Е. Belyshkina ◽  
◽  
E.V. Gureyeva
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Ecological Adaptability ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Sum Of Active Temperatures

Soybean has an ecological adaptability due to the deep selectivity of this crop in relation to the specific features of the growing zone. At the same time, it makes increased demands on heat and moisture, especially during certain "critical" periods of growth and development. The lower threshold of active average daily temperatures is 15–17oC, and for full maturation of ultra-ripe and early-maturing varieties, the sum of active temperatures of 1700–2100oС is required. Assessment of the agro-climatic resources of the Ryazan region indicates the possibility of growing precocious soybean varieties here. The limiting indicator in some critical periods may be insufficient moisture. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that soybean varieties of the Northern ecotype are able to form a stable yield in the conditions of the Ryazan region. At the same time, the lesser response to changes in agroclimatic conditions was shown by the Kasatka variety, which showed the shortest growing season and yield at the level of 1.00 t / ha. The Georgiya variety reacted more than any other to changes in weather conditions, its yield was from 1.24 to 1.72 t/ha over the years of research.

scholarly journals Linear growth and development of white lupine plants depending on growing technology and weather conditions

1970 ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
A. V. Holodna ◽  
N. H. Buslaeva
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
White Lupine ◽  
Object Of Study

Purpose. Determination of the influence of seed biodisinfectant, stimulator of growth and foliar feeding on the white lupine growth and development in the context of climate change. Methods. Field (to study the interaction of the object of study with biotic and abiotic factors); morphophysiological (for biological control over development of productivity elements at the stages of organogenesis); weight (to establish the indicators parameters of the crop structure elements and determine the grain yield); statistical (statistical processing of the research results). Results. The results of the analysis of the indicators of the average daily air temperature and the amount of precipitation from April to August and their comparison with long-term values are presented. Indicators of height and aboveground mass of white lupine plants in dynamics, depending on the pre-sowing seed treatment, plant growth stimulant and foliar feeding, correlation dependences of these indicators on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season have been established. Conclusions. The growth and development of white lupine plants depends on the elements of the technology of its cultivation, as well as hydrothermal conditions during the growing season of the crop. The highest plants (83.0 cm) with their maximum weight (143,8 g/plant) were noted in the variant where the seeds of white lupine were treated with БТУ-р bioinoculant simultaneously with the MicoHelp biodisinfectant and foliar feeding of plants with micronutrient fertilizer Trazex at the ІХ stage of organogenesis was carried out. Mathematical models have been developed that confirm the close relationship between the level of height indicators and the aboveground mass of white lupine plants with weather conditions, the critical periods of their influence in the ontogenesis of plants were also determined.

scholarly journals Growth and development of soybean varieties of the northern ecotype depending on the influence of limiting factors of the growing season

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Marina Evgenievna Belyshkina ◽  
Tamara Petrovna Kobozeva ◽  
Elena Vasilevna Gureyeva
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Heat And Moisture

Based on long-term data, the article considers the peculiarities of growth and development of soybean varieties of the Northern ecotype depending on the conditions of the growing season and the influence of limiting factors. The need of soy plants for heat and moisture increases from seed germination to germination, then to the phases of flowering and bean formation, while their uniform distribution is important. In the absence of abnormal periods of drought or waterlogging, soybean varieties of the Northern ecotype Mature in August – early September. The purpose of the research was to determine the degree of influence of variability of agrometeorological conditions of the vegetation period in different years on the production process of soybean varieties of the Northern ecotype and to assess the possibility of their cultivation in the Ryazan and other regions of the Central district of the Non-Chernozem zone. The experiments were carried out in 2009–2019 years with varieties of soya of Northern ecotype Mahewa, Bright and the Whale. The limiting factor in some years of research in the conditions of the Ryazan region was the lack of moisture, while the biological minimum temperatures were maintained at all stages of growth and development. As a result of the analysis of the average annual temperature and precipitation data, the most favorable conditions for the cultivation of all the studied soybean varieties for seeds are formed in the Bryansk, Oryol and Ryazan regions. For Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Moscow, Smolensk and Tula regions, the varieties Kasatka and Mageva are recommended, for Kostroma, Tver, and Yaroslavl – Kasatka. In all areas of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone, these varieties can be used to obtain green mass, silage and haylage.

scholarly journals Breeding of early-maturing inbred maize lines within the collection gene pool of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 280-287
Author(s):  
S. Kotsiuba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Maturity Groups ◽  
Corn Grain

The results of the study of inbred lines of corn on the basis of economically valuable features, such as: growing season, productivity, moisture yield. To distribute our maize material by precocity, a number of studies were conducted, namely: estimating the length of the growing season "shoots-full ripeness", which was determined in days, and a very important indicator-grain moisture at harvest as a percentage, it allowed to distribute two groups: early-maturing – (106–114) and middle-early – 114–123 days. Over the years of testing, the weather conditions varied considerably, which made it possible to evaluate the material under study in detail. In 2020, the growing season in the early-maturing group of lines was within 104.0 days, which is almost five days less in 2019. This trend was also observed for the group of middle-early lines. At the same time, the longer vegetation period was in 2019. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the rate of moisture yield of corn grain of the studied lines of different maturity groups. The conducted researches allowed to trace the dynamics of grain moisture yield of corn lines of different maturity groups, to determine the variability of grain moisture of hybrids in different periods of grain maturation. 2019 was more favorable for growing corn, the plants formed a large vegetative mass, but the grain had a high humidity during the harvest period. This is due to a significant amount of precipitation (46.0 mm) in September 2019. Lines that had high harvest humidity were characterized by a long growing season, such as Um 337 and VIR 44. The group of the most productive included lines Um 337, Um 331, F7 and line MAN 053, which were ahead. The following year, Mind 337 and Mind 331 as a whole confirmed their positions, while F7 and MAN 053 yielded significantly lower yields.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF AGROMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON PRODUCTIONAL PROCESS OF THE NORTH ECOTYPE SOYBEAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
М. Е. Belyshkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Condition ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Temperature Minimum ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Weak Reaction ◽  
Ecological Adaptability ◽  
The North ◽  
Experimental Facilities ◽  
Selection Of

Soybean has ecological adaptability caused by deep selection of this culture in terms of particular characteristics of growing zone. In this respect it demands higher standards of warmth and moistness, especially in particular “critical” periods. The research aim is to determine degree of impact of agrometeorological conditions of growing season on productional process of soybean varieties of the north ecotype. The experiments were carried out in 2017–2019 on experimental facilities of ISA FSAC VIM with varieties of Magev, Svetlaya and Georgia. Phenological observations were conducted; temperature- humidity conditions of growing season were measured. Limiting factor in particular critical periods of soybean growing and development in the Ryazan region is moisture problem. Lower threshold of dynamic daily mean temperature up to 15–17оС is formed to mid- May, but hereby drought conditions often take place. Biological temperature minimum keeps throughout growth and development, and if anomalous periods of drought or overwetting don’t begin, north ecotype soybean varieties ripe in August- breaking of September. North ecotype soybean varieties are able to form straight yield in the Ryazan region. In this respect Kasatka variety showed weak reaction on the change of agroclimatic conditions, which had shortest growing season and yield on the level of 1,00 t/ha. Georgia variety responded better to weather condition changes, its yield varied by year of research from 1,24 to 1,72 t/ha. Magev and Svetlaya varieties fall in between.

scholarly journals Influence of farming systems and soil tillage on available moisture stocks of typical black soil in spring wheat crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
S.P. Tanchyk ◽  
◽  
O. A. Dudka ◽  
O. S. Pavlov ◽  
A. I. Babenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Biological Farming ◽  
The Impact

Numerous studies by Ukrainian and foreign scientists have shown that one of the limiting factors for obtaining a stable yield of any crop is the reserves of available moisture in the soil, especially in critical periods of plant growth. The article presents the results of research on the impact of three farming systems – industrial (control), ecological and biological and four options for primary soil tillage – plowing by 20–22 cm (control), chiseling by 20–22 cm, disking by 10–12 cm, disking for 6–8 cm on the reserves of productive moisture in the soil for growing spring durum wheat. According to research, it is established that the highest moisture reserves in a meter of soil for the period of sowing wheat was obtained by combining the biological farming system and chisel tillage, which allowed to accumulate in 2018 – 199.1 mm, 2019 – 179.6 and 2020 – 159.9 mm of available moisture in the soil. The use of chisel tillage in combination with industrial and organic farming systems also provides an advantage in all years of observations over plowing combinations and both disking options with these systems. During the growing season, against the background of all studied agricultural systems, use of chiseling and disking provided the highest reserves of available moisture in the soil. However, the best option should be considered a combination of ecological farming system with chiseling by 20–22 cm, which provided for the flowering period in 2018 – 74.0 mm of moisture, 2019 – 93.7 and 2020 – 90.9 mm, and for the harvest period culture, these indicators were, respectively, 61.0, 67.7 and 61.6 mm. The grain yield of spring durum wheat in this variant was significantly the highest in the experiment and was, respectively, 4.6, 6.7 and 5.6 t/ha.

INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE SOYBEAN TRAITS

1970 ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Е. V. Gureeva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Maturing

The results of research conducted in 2015-2019 in the forest-steppe agroclimatic zone to identify the dependence of economically valuable traits of soybean varieties on the meteorological conditions of the Ryazan region are presented. The soil of the experimental site is dark gray forest, heavy loamy in granulometric composition. Reaction of the soil solution-phsol. - 5,2; humus content 5,8 %. Mobile phosphorus content – 191.4 mg / kg of soil; exchange potassium content-108.5 mg / kg of soil; nitrate nitrogen-8.4 mg / kg; ammonium nitrogen-1.57 mg/kg. The object of the research were varieties of soybean breeding, FEDERAL state scientific institution "Ryazan research Institute of agriculture" - Mahewa, George, Whale, Light. The work was carried out in accordance with the methodology of the State variety testing of agricultural crops and the methodology of field experience. To characterize the climatic conditions, we used an integrated indicator – Selyaninov's hydrothermal coefficient (GTC). It was found that the duration of the growing season of early — maturing varieties depends more on the weather conditions in july, early-maturing varieties-on the conditions in august. The height of the plant is affected by weather conditions in june, and the weight of 1000 seeds – in july. The yield of soybeans largely depends on the climatic conditions during the main stages of development of the crop. The average yield over the years of the study for varieties was in the range from 1.37 to 1.79 t/ha. The highest yield was recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the GTC close to 1, the lowest yield for varieties was obtained in 2018 with the GTC=0.6. A significant relationship was found between seed yield, seed weight from the plant and the GTC of the growing season: the variation in soybean seed yield by 67% is associated with the action of the studied factors (R2=0.67).

scholarly journals   Environment and weather influence on quality and market value of hops

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pavlovic ◽  
M. Pavlovic ◽  
A. Cerenak ◽  
I.J. Kosir ◽  
B. Ceh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Sum Of Active Temperatures

The paper analyses the influence of four main weather parameters on alpha-acid contents for the main hop variety Aurora (Super Styrian Aurora) in Slovenian production for the time period 1994&ndash;2009. Through inspection of correlation coefficients, it tries to find specific times of the year when the weather conditions affect the alpha-acid content with a view to prediction in Slovenia. The most significant time periods of weather that influenced the alpha-acid contents of the Aurora variety during the growing season are identified as attributes of temperatures calculated from the interval from 25<sup>th</sup> to 30<sup>th</sup> week (T<sub>2530</sub>, r = &ndash;0.88, P &lt; 0.01), as attributes of rainfall and sunshine from the interval from 25<sup>th</sup> to 29<sup>th</sup> week (R<sub>2529</sub>, r = 0.85, P &lt; 0.01 and S<sub>2529</sub>, r = &ndash;0.75, P &lt; 0.01) and attributes of relative humidity from the interval from 27<sup>th</sup> to 32<sup>nd</sup> week (RH<sub>2732</sub>, r = 0.71, P &lt; 0.01). The attribute T<sub>2530</sub> represents the sum of active temperatures from June 18 to July 29 of that year. Similarly, the attribute R<sub>2529</sub> corresponds to the rainfall (in mm or L/m<sup>2</sup>) that fell during the June 18 to July 22 etc. &nbsp;

The dynamics of climate change in the Perm Territory

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
С.М. Авдеев ◽  
Н.Н. Лазарев
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Land Improvement ◽  
Sum Of Active Temperatures

Приводятся данные о биоклиматическом потенциале (БКП) Пермского края, его составляющих, а также динамика изменения БКП за периоды 1970–1999 и 2000–2014 годов. На основании данных 17 метеостанций рассчитаны показатели биологической продуктивности земель, приводится районирование территории, анализируется теплообеспеченность вегетационного периода каждой выделенной зоны в ходе районирования. Пространственная оценка современных климатических условий показала, что на территории края прослеживается сильная изменчивость агрометеорологических характеристик в направлении с юго-запада на северо-восток. Продолжительность периодов с температурами выше 0; 5 и 10°С достаточно сильно колеблется по территории края — в пределах 200–223, 156–180 и 107–146 дней соответственно. Различия в обеспеченности теплом между северными и южными районами составляют порядка 500–700°С по суммам температур выше 10°С и 25–30 дней — по продолжительности периода активной вегетации. В целом территория Пермского края в настоящее время характеризуется удовлетворительными и хорошими агрометеорологическими условиями. Климатический индекс биологической продуктивности к концу исследуемого периода имеет тенденцию к возрастанию абсолютно во всех районах. Большинство районов входят в ареал средней биологической продуктивности со значением показателя 106–120 баллов. Сравнивая климатические показатели, составляющие БКП, за первый и второй периоды можно говорить о том, что в большей степени изменения коснулись сумм активных температур выше 10°С и количества осадков: среднее значение увеличилось на 139°С, количество осадков тоже увеличилось в среднем на 42 мм. Климатические условия этой территории могут обеспечить урожайность зерновых культур 2,4–2,8 т/га. Увеличиваются площади территорий с более благоприятными условиями климата для возделывания зерновых культур, а также сортов люцерны изменчивой северного экотипа. The article reports on farming potential of the Perm Territory and its dynamics for the periods of 1970–1999 and 2000–2014. Parameters of soil fertility were estimated on the base of the data obtained from 17 meteorological stations. The report reviews land improvement and climate conditions of growing seasons of each zone. Weather conditions change significantly from the southwest to the northeast. The length of periods with temperatures above 0; 5 and 10°С varies within 200–223, 156–180 and 107–146 days around the region. Differences in accumulated temperatures above 10°С amount to 500–700°С between the northern and southern regions, in the duration of active growing season — 25–30 days. The Perm Territory has moderate conditions for farming. Biological productivity tends to grow by the end of the period studied in all the zones. Most regions have average biological productivity. Sum of active temperatures above 10°С increased by 139°С from the first to the second periods as well as the amount of precipitations — by 42 mm. The climate of the Perm Territory provides grain crop yield of 2.4–2.8 t ha-1. Lands with optimal condition for grain crop cultivation grow as well as for farming of northern ecotypes of bastard alfalfa.

scholarly journals Evaluation of durum winter wheat varieties by growth and development indicators

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
V. Lubich ◽  
I. Polyanetska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety

The article presents the study results of the formation of growth and development indicators (growing season length of plants, plant height, density dynamics, ear parameters and grain yield) of domestic varieties of durum winter wheat. It is analyzed that the level of the signs manifestation varies signifcantly depending on the weather conditions of the growing season. However, the growing season duration hardly depend on weather conditions and is 268–269 days. In the full ripeness stage, the height of plants increased 1.4–1.8 times in comparison with earing with insignifcant variation (V=1–5 %) depending on the variety. The lowest plants were Athena, Continent and Laguna – 71–76 cm. Uneven precipitation distribution and high air temperature in 2013 contributed to the formation of fewer stems of durum winter wheat plants compared to more favourable 2014. In the full ripeness stage of durum winter wheat grain in 2013, the coefcient of total tillering was 1.01–1.26 depending on the variety. In 2014, the stem density was the highest. In the full ripeness stage of grain, the number of stems ranged from 650 to 812 pcs/m2 depending on the variety with a total tillering rate of 1.54–1.91. It should be noted that Athena and Linkor varieties retained a higher ability to tillering and stem survival in different weather conditions. The ear length of winter durum wheat varied from 5.9 to 6.7 cm depending on the variety with slight and small variation (V=3–16 %). The number of spikelets in the ear was from 16 to 20 pcs with a small variation coefcient. The ear length of durum winter wheat varied most. Thus, of the nine varieties, the variation coefcient of this indicator in six varieties was average, and in the rest of them - small. However, there was no signifcant difference between the varieties. The highest yields were formed by Argonaut, Gardemaryn and Linkor varieties – 6.00–6.31 t/ha or 13–19 % more than the standard. Grain yield varied signifcantly depending on the weather conditions of the growing season, which is also evidenced by the stability index and was below 1 (0.48–0.64). Less favourable weather conditions in 2013 provided the yield of 3.74–4.63 t/ha depending on the variety. More favourable weather conditions in 2014 provided the grain yield of 5.46–8.25 t/ha depending on durum winter wheat variety. It is obvious that the positive effect of weather conditions in 2014 on tillering and stem survival of winter durum wheat determined the formation of higher grain yield. Key words: durum winter wheat, variety, growth and development indicators, yield.

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