Hygienic criteria of monitoring system to identify workers with early signs of occupational diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 601-601
Author(s):  
N. P. Golovkova ◽  
L. M. Leskina ◽  
N. I. Kotova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
High Relative Risk ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
The Impact

The results of the assessment of the impact of risk factors on the health of workers of the mining and processing plant are presented. The necessity to take into account the high relative risk of developing diseases of the musculoskeletal system, as well as diseases of the circulatory system in the system of monitoring the detection of workers with early signs of occupational diseases.

scholarly journals Impact of cardiovascular disease and risk factors on fatal outcomes in patients with COVID-19 according to age: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. heartjnl-2020-317901
Author(s):  
SungA Bae ◽  
So Ree Kim ◽  
Mi-Na Kim ◽  
Wan Joo Shim ◽  
Seong-Mi Park
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivePrevious studies that evaluated cardiovascular risk factors considered age as a potential confounder. We aimed to investigate the impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors on fatal outcomes according to age in patients with COVID-19.MethodsA systematic literature review and meta-analysis was performed on data collected from PubMed and Embase databases up to 11 June 2020. All observational studies (case series or cohort studies) that assessed in-hospital patients were included, except those involving the paediatric population. Prevalence rates of comorbid diseases and clinical outcomes were stratified by mean patient age in each study (ranges: <50 years, 50–60 years and ≥60 years). The primary outcome measure was a composite fatal outcome of severe COVID-19 or death.ResultsWe included 51 studies with a total of 48 317 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Overall, the relative risk of developing severe COVID-19 or death was significantly higher in patients with risk factors for CVD (hypertension: OR 2.50, 95% CI 2.15 to 2.90; diabetes: 2.25, 95% CI 1.89 to 2.69) and CVD (3.11, 95% 2.55 to 3.79). Younger patients had a lower prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and CVD compared with older patients; however, the relative risk of fatal outcomes was higher among the former.ConclusionsThe results of the meta-analysis suggest that CVD and its risk factors (hypertension and diabetes) were closely related to fatal outcomes in COVID-19 for patients across all ages. Although young patients had lower prevalence rates of cardiovascular comorbidities than elderly patients, relative risk of fatal outcome in young patients with hypertension, diabetes and CVD was higher than in elderly patients.Prospero registration numberCRD42020198152.

The Health of Workers with the Intake of Radionuclides in Case of Skin Damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
A. Gurev ◽  
A. Tukov ◽  
A. Bushmanov ◽  
M. Kalinina ◽  
A. Zubov
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Statistical Validity ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
International Statistical Classification

Purpose: Analysis of the prevalence of diseases of non-professional genesis in individuals with intake of radionuclides through damaged skin and served by health care institutions of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia. Material and methods: The database of the “Industry register of persons with occupational diseases” includes the health indicators of individuals with intake of radionuclides through damaged skin and a population of 185 patients aged 68.9 ± 1.0 years for 2014 (166 men aged 68.3 ± 1.0 years and 19 women aged 74.0 ± 3.4 years). The coding of diseases of non-professional genesis was carried out according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Problems Related to Health (ICD-10). Student’s criterion was used as a criterion of statistical validity (p < 0.05). To assess the health of persons counted in the register, the prevalence rate of diseases of non-professional genesis, calculated for 1000 patients with occupational diseases, was used. An intensive indicator error was calculated ( ± m 95 %). Results: The prevalence of non-occupational diseases is 1637.8 ± 94.1 (men 1614.5 ± 98.6, women 1842.1 ± 311.4; p > 0.05). Disorders of the musculoskeletal system occupy the first place – 340.5 ± 34.8; 20.8 % (men 313.3 ± 36.0; 19.4 %, women 578.9 ± 174.6; 31.4 %; p > 0.05). Of these, dorsopathies accounted for 286.5 ± 33.1; 84.1 % (men 265.1 ± 34.3; 84.6 %, women 473.7 ± 114.6; 81.8 %; p > 0.05). Diseases of the digestive organs are 270.3 ± 32.7; 16.5 %. The highest rates in persons with diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum 205.4 ± 29.7; 76.0 % (men 210.8 ± 31.7; 76.1 %, women 157.9 ± 83.7; 75.0 %; p > 0.05). The third ranking place is divided by diseases of the eye and its adnexa 200.0 ± 29.4; 12.2 % (men 192.8 ± 30.6; 11.9 %, women, 263.2 ± 101.0; 14.3 %; p > 0.05) and circulatory system diseases 200.0 ± 29,4; 12.2 % (men 174.7 ± 29.5; 10.8 %, women 421.1 ± 113.3; 22.9 %; p > 0.05). In the structure of diseases of non-professional genesis, the diseases of the first four ranking places, including respiratory diseases, make up 73.6 % (men 72.4 %, women 82.9 %). Conclusion: Among the diseases in persons with the intake of radionuclides through damaged skin are the most common disorders of the musculoskeletal system, diseases of the digestive system, diseases of the eye and its appendage apparatus. In terms of frequency, they are inferior to diseases of the circulatory system and respiratory organs. As one of the solutions to the problem of registration in persons with signs of contamination of radionuclides of damaged skin in the framework of ICD-10, it is proposed to introduce code S61.2 as “Open wounds of wrist and hand with intake of radionuclides”.

scholarly journals How to improve the assessment of the impact of occupational diseases at a national level? The Netherlands as an example

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk F van der Molen ◽  
Carel TJ Hulshof ◽  
P Paul FM Kuijer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
National Level ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Attributable Fractions ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo explore the impact of occupational diseases (ODs) through estimations of population attributable fractions (PAFs) in a national context.MethodsPAFs were calculated for eight prevalent ODs using existing data on the prevalence of exposure to risk factors at work and the strength of their association with diseases based on systematic reviews. Six systematic reviews with meta-analyses and two overview papers were selected. All addressed the relationship between occupational exposure to work-related risk factors for these eight prevalent ODs. Prevalence figures for exposure to work-related risk factors were retrieved from the Dutch National Working Conditions Survey (NWCS) based on self-reports by approximately 40 000 workers. The specific risk factors retrieved from the reviews were matched with the available and dichotomised self-reported exposure items from the NWCS by two authors.ResultsThe eight frequently reported ODs among the Dutch working population revealed PAFs varying between 3% and 25%. Lateral epicondylitis and distress/burnout had the highest attributable fractions, with percentages of 25% and 18%, respectively. For knee osteoarthritis (13%), shoulder soft tissue disorders (10%) and non-specific low back pain (10%) approximately 1 in 10 cases were attributable to work. PAFs for irritant contact dermatitis, noise-induced hearing loss and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were 15%, 6% and 3%, respectively.ConclusionData from systematic reviews and self-reported data on exposure provide opportunities to estimate the impact of ODs. For the Netherlands, they revealed substantial and varying attributions of work for prevalent diseases.

ABOUT LIST OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES CAUSED BY CHEMICAL FACTORS TO BE IMPROVED

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Tonshin ◽  
◽  
O.V. Krikunov ◽  
A.F. Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Cooperative Ministry ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: There is a list of occupational diseases associated with risk factors including chemical ones at Russian Federation determined by Ministry of Health of Russian Federation Order №417н of 27.04.2012. In order to early diagnostics and to prevent morbidity increase of occupational diseases, associated with chemical factors it is required to perform preliminary and periodic medical examinations of employees whose work is associated with exposure to harmful and(or) hazardous risk factors, including chemical ones, determined by Ministry of Health of Russian Federation Order №29н of 28.01.2021. List of chemical factors given in the appendix of actual Order determined by cooperative Ministry of Labor and Social Protection and the Ministry of Health Order №998н/1420н of 31.12.2020. Due to comparison analysis of harmful and(or) hazardous risk chemical factors listed in Order №27н and Order №417н appendixes it was determined that there are a few factors approved as harmful and(or) hazardous chemical factors in Order №29н are not approved as ones in Order №417н, what means that diseases caused by these factors cannot be approved as occupational diseases. As a result of detected discrepancy it is proposed to supplement the list of occupational diseases associated with the impact of chemical factors.

The impact of professional ergonomic factors on the development of various chronic diseases of construction workers

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Maxim Olegovich Kirichenko ◽  
Denis Vladimirovich Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Occupational Noise ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the features of the impact of professional ergonomic factors on the development of various chronic diseases of workers in the construction industry. According to the results of the study, it follows that among the occupational diseases of builders, such as diseases of the cardiovascular system under the influence of occupational noise, as well as diseases of the musculoskeletal system, will be especially distinguished. Accordingly, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the consequences and prophylaxis of such diseases in representatives of the construction professions.

METHOD OF SYNTHESIS OF MODELS FOR FORECASTING AND EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES OF LOCOMOTIVE CREW EMPLOYEES

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-154
Author(s):  
Николай Алексеевич Кореневский ◽  
Дмитрий Андреевич Медников ◽  
Владислав Викторович Стародубцев
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Multiplicative Effect ◽  
Fuzzy Description ◽  
The Impact

Целью работы является разработка метода синтеза математических моделей прогнозирования и диагностики профессиональных заболеваний работников локомотивных бригад позволяющего получать решающие правила, обеспечивающие приемлемое для профилактической медицины качество принятия решений. С учетом неполного и нечёткого описания исследуемого класса заболеваний в качестве базового математического аппарата выбрана технология мягких вычислений и, в частности, методология синтеза гибридных нечетких решающих правил, хорошо зарекомендовавшая себя при решении задач с аналогичной структурой данных и типом неопределенности. Предлагаемый метод синтеза позволяет учитывать мультипликативный эффект воздействия на организм человека разнородных и нестабильных эндогенных и экзогенных факторов риска в кабинах локомотива. Предложенный метод синтеза математических моделей прогнозирования и диагностики заболеваний работников локомотивных бригад апробирован на синтезе математической модели прогнозирования заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой и нервной систем, с учетом воздействия на организм человека вибрации, шума, эргономики кабины, высокого уровня психоэмоционального напряжения и утомления, загазованности кабины и других экзогенных и эндогенных факторов риска. В ходе математического моделирования и экспертного оценивания было показано, что полученная прогностическая модель обеспечивает уверенность в правильном прогнозе не ниже 0,85, что является достаточно «хорошим» результатом для задач медицинской диагностики The aim of this work is to develop a method for synthesizing mathematical models for predicting and diagnosing occupational diseases of locomotive crew employees, which allows us to obtain decisive rules that ensure the quality of decision-making acceptable for preventive medicine. Taking into account the incomplete and fuzzy description of the studied class of diseases, the soft computing technology and, in particular, the methodology for the synthesis of hybrid fuzzy solving rules, which has proven itself well in solving problems with a similar data structure and type of uncertainty, was chosen as the basic mathematical apparatus. The proposed synthesis method allows us to take into account the multiplicative effect of heterogeneous and unstable endogenous and exogenous risk factors on the human body in the locomotive cabs. The proposed method of synthesis of mathematical models for predicting and diagnosing diseases of locomotive crew employees is tested on the synthesis of a mathematical model for predicting diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, taking into account the impact on the human body of vibration, noise, cabin ergonomics, high levels of psycho-emotional stress and fatigue, cabin gas pollution and other exogenous and endogenous risk factors. In the course of mathematical modeling and expert evaluation, it was shown that the obtained predictive model provides confidence in the correct forecast of at least 0.85, which is a fairly "good" result for medical diagnostics tasks

scholarly journals The impact of age on genetic risk for common diseases

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. e1009723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xilin Jiang ◽  
Chris Holmes ◽  
Gil McVean
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Inherited genetic variation contributes to individual risk for many complex diseases and is increasingly being used for predictive patient stratification. Previous work has shown that genetic factors are not equally relevant to human traits across age and other contexts, though the reasons for such variation are not clear. Here, we introduce methods to infer the form of the longitudinal relationship between genetic relative risk for disease and age and to test whether all genetic risk factors behave similarly. We use a proportional hazards model within an interval-based censoring methodology to estimate age-varying individual variant contributions to genetic relative risk for 24 common diseases within the British ancestry subset of UK Biobank, applying a Bayesian clustering approach to group variants by their relative risk profile over age and permutation tests for age dependency and multiplicity of profiles. We find evidence for age-varying relative risk profiles in nine diseases, including hypertension, skin cancer, atherosclerotic heart disease, hypothyroidism and calculus of gallbladder, several of which show evidence, albeit weak, for multiple distinct profiles of genetic relative risk. The predominant pattern shows genetic risk factors having the greatest relative impact on risk of early disease, with a monotonic decrease over time, at least for the majority of variants, although the magnitude and form of the decrease varies among diseases. As a consequence, for diseases where genetic relative risk decreases over age, genetic risk factors have stronger explanatory power among younger populations, compared to older ones. We show that these patterns cannot be explained by a simple model involving the presence of unobserved covariates such as environmental factors. We discuss possible models that can explain our observations and the implications for genetic risk prediction.

scholarly journals Proteinuria as an independent predictor of stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dearbhla M Kelly ◽  
Peter M Rothwell
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
The Impact

Background Proteinuria has emerged as an important vascular risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events including stroke. Hypertension has been proposed as the principal confounder of this relationship but its role has not been systematically examined. Aim We aimed to determine if proteinuria remains an independent predictor of stroke after more complete adjustment for blood pressure. Summary of review We performed a systematic review, searching MEDLINE and EMBASE (to February 2018) for cohort studies or randomized controlled trials that reported stroke incidence in adults according to baseline proteinuria ± glomerular filtration rate. Study and participant characteristics and relative risks were extracted. Estimates were combined using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by χ 2 statistics and I2, and by subgroup strata and meta-regression, with a particular focus on the impact of more complete adjustment for blood pressure on the association. The quality of cohort studies and post hoc analyses was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. We identified 38 studies comprising 1,735,390 participants with 26,405 stroke events. Overall, the presence of any level of proteinuria was associated with greater stroke risk (18 studies; pooled crude relative risk 2.00, 95%CI 1.63–2.46; p < 0.001) even after adjustment for established cardiovascular risk factors (33 studies; pooled adjusted relative risk 1.72, 1.51–1.95; p < 0.001), albeit with considerable heterogeneity between studies (p < 0.001; I2 = 77.3%). Moreover, the association did not substantially attenuate with more thorough adjustment for hypertension: single baseline blood pressure measure (10 studies; pooled adjusted relative risk = 1.92, 1.39–2.66; p < 0.001); history or treated hypertension (four studies; pooled adjusted relative risk = 1.76, 1.13–2.75, p = 0.013); multiple blood pressure measurements over months to years (four studies; relative risk = 1.68, 1.33–2.14; p < 0.001). Conclusions Even after extensive adjustment for hypertension, proteinuria is strongly and independently associated with incident stroke risk, possibly indicating a shared renal and cerebral susceptibility to vascular injury that is not fully explained by traditional vascular risk factors.

The pertussis epidemic: informing strategies for prevention of severe disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. CLARKE ◽  
K. RASIAH ◽  
J. COPLAND ◽  
M. WATSON ◽  
A. P. KOEHLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
South Australia ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Close Contacts

SUMMARYTo assess the impact of Bordetella pertussis infections in South Australia during an epidemic and determine vulnerable populations, data from notification reports for pertussis cases occurring between July 2008 and December 2009 were reviewed to determine the distribution of disease according to specific risk factors and examine associations with hospitalizations. Although the majority (66%) of the 6230 notifications for pertussis occurred in adults aged >24 years, the highest notification and hospitalization rate occurred in infants aged <1 year. For these infants, factors associated with hospitalization included being aged <2 months [relative risk (RR) 2·3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·60–3·32], Indigenous ethnicity (RR 1·7, 95% CI 1·03–2·83) and receiving fewer than two doses of pertussis vaccine (RR 4·1, 95% CI 1·37–12·11). A combination of strategies aimed at improving direct protection for newborns, vaccination for the elderly, and reducing transmission from close contacts of infants are required for prevention of severe pertussis disease.

Incidence, Natural History and Risk Factors of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Elective Knee Arthroscopy

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (09) ◽  
pp. 817-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hunt ◽  
R. K. Strachan ◽  
A. N. Nicolaides ◽  
K. T. Delis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Knee Arthroscopy ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Vein ◽  
The Impact

Summary Aims: to determine the incidence, anatomical distribution and extent of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in limbs undergoing elective unilateral knee arthroscopy without active prophylaxis, to evaluate its effect on venous function following early diagnosis, and to quantify the impact of risk factors on its incidence. Methods: 102 consecutive patients undergoing unilateral knee arthroscopy without prophylaxis were studied. A history was obtained with emphasis on the risk factors for thromboembolism, and physical examination and colour duplex were performed prior to and within a week after surgery. Patients who developed calf DVT were given aspirin (150 mg) and compression stockings; those with proximal DVT were admitted for anticoagulation (heparin followed by warfarin). Follow-up (mean 118 [range 84-168] days) entailed weekly physical and duplex examinations during the first month and monthly thereafter. Results: 8 patients developed calf DVT in the operated leg (incidence 7.84% [95% Cl: 2.7%-13.2%]); thrombosis was asymptomatic in 4 of those (50%), caused calf tenderness in 4 (50%) and a positive Homan’s sign in one (12.5%). DVT occurred in the following veins: peroneal 4 subjects (50%), soleal 4 (50%), gastrocnemial 2 (25%) and tibial 2 (25%). Propagation of a calf DVT to the popliteal vein was identified in 1 patient (12.5%). After a median period of 118 days, total clot lysis was found in 50% of DVTs, with partial thrombus resorption in the rest; reflux in the thrombosed veins was present in 75% of limbs with DVT. 43% of patients had 1 risk factor for DVT and 20% had ≥2. The incidence of DVT was higher amongst those with two or more risk factors for thromboembolism (p <.05) or those with previous thrombosis alone (p <.005). Symptoms or signs of pulmonary embolism were not documented. Conclusions: Elective unilateral knee arthroscopy performed without prophylaxis is complicated by ipsilateral calf DVT in 7.8% (95% CI: 2.7%-13.2%) of cases. The risk is higher in the presence of previous thrombosis (relative risk: 8.2) and two or more risk factors for DVT (relative risk: 2.94). Thrombosis may propagate to the proximal veins, despite early diagnosis. 50% of calf clots totally lyse in 4 months, yet reflux develops in at least 75% of limbs with DVT. Further studies to determine optimal prophylaxis are warranted.

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