Social and hygienic problems and mortality of the population after the liquidation of a city-forming enterprise for the production of chemically hazardous substances (on the example of Usolye-Sibirskoye, Irkutsk region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 768-780
Author(s):  
Igor V. Bukhtiyarov ◽  
Oleg O. Salagai ◽  
Galina I. Tikhonova ◽  
Anastasiya N. Churanova ◽  
Tatyana Yu. Gorchakova
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Irkutsk Oblast ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Working Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
The City

Introduction. In Usolye-Sibirskoye, after the liquidation of the town-forming enterprise "Usoliekhimprom", the socio-economic and demographic situation sharply worsened, and environmental problems accumulated since the 30s of the twentieth century aggravated. For the period 1990-2019, the city's population decreased by almost 30%. The study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the mortality rate of the male and female population of Usolye-Sibirskoye, the Irkutsk Oblast and Russia and assess the contribution of a certain age and gender groups (children, working-age, and post-working age) to the formation of super-mortality in the population. Materials and methods. The study base was the primary data of the Federal State Statistics Service (Table C-51 "The number of deaths by sex, age and specific causes of death" and 2PN "Population by sex and age"). We calculated the age-specific for 5-year age groups and age-standardized mortality rates from all causes of death separately for the male and female population of Usolye-Sibirskoye, Irkutsk Oblast and Russia for ten years (2010-2019) and traced them dynamics. Standardization was carried out by a direct method (the standard is the population of Russia according to the 2010 census). Considering the small population of the city and the resulting fluctuations in the mortality rate in individual years, to obtain stable indicators, we summarized the data on mortality for ten years (2010-2019) and calculated the average coefficients. We performed similar calculations for the region and country. We also assessed the contribution of certain age and gender groups (children, working and post-working ages) to the formation of excess mortality. Results. During 2010-2019 among the male and female populations of Usolye-Sibirskoye, Irkutsk Oblast and Russia, there was a steady decrease in mortality, but in the city, higher rates and slower rates of their decline were recorded compared to the region and the country. As a result, at the end of the observation period, the gap between the city's mortality rate and the compared territories increased even more. The most significant demographic losses occurred in the working age, where the average mortality rate for men and women over ten years was 28 and 37%, respectively, higher than the regional and 1.8 and 2.2 times the national average. Conclusion. Thus, the main contribution to the excess mortality of the population of Usolye-Sibirskoye is made by men and women of working age (from 53.6% to 72.5% depending on the comparison area), which, on the one hand, maybe a consequence of the influence of harmful and dangerous working conditions. In combination with a polluted environment, on the other hand, it may be due to the termination of the operation of a city-forming enterprise and the inevitable increase in unemployment and socio-economic tension in these conditions.

scholarly journals On Dynamics of Gender-Specific Mortality Among the Population of the Republic of Belarus in the Second Half of the XX – the Beginning of the XXI Centuries

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Romanova ◽  
O Krasko
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Crude Mortality ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Population Mortality

Aim of the study: to evaluate the dynamics and to make a comparative analysis of male and female mortality among the population of Belarus Republic during 1959 – 2015.Materials and methods. The data on natural population movement in the Republic of Belarus during 1959 – 2015 have been analyzed in the research work. Crude and standardized mortality rates have been calculated using the direct standardization according to the world standard (Standard “World”), approved by WHO. JoinPoint software was used to investigate time trends as well as office suite MSEXCEL 2010.Results of the study. The minimum values of male and female crude and standardized mortality rates were established in 1964. Throughout the study period, the male population mortality rate grew 1.8-fold (based on crude rates – 2.4-fold), the female population mortality rate – 1.6-fold (based on crude rates – 2.2-fold). During 1985 – 2005, the differences in crude mortality rates among men and women grew 1.2-fold, and during 1962 – 2011, the differences in standardized rates increased 1.8-fold. Since 2003, the mortality rate among men and since 1999, the death rate among women has declined with an annual decrease rate to be more than twice as high as compared to an annual mortality increase registered during its growth.Conclusion. Since the 1960s, the changes in population age structure of the male and female population affected the crude mortality rates. The male and female mortality growth is due to an increased unfavorable impact of combined environmental factors. The adaptive capacity of women to sustain environmental changes contributed to their later entry into the period of mortality growth, as compared to men. The mortality rate reduction in men since 2003 and the excess of a decrease over an increase rate is associated with a set of state measures aimed at protecting and strengthening the public health in the republic.

scholarly journals Towards establishing biographical and business background profiles of entrepreneurs from two ethnic and gender groups

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Schutte ◽  
A. B. Boshoff ◽  
H. F. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Black Entrepreneurs ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

The literature on the biographical backgrounds of entrepreneurs seems to contain many contradictory findings. This situation can partly be due to the assumption that samples of entrepreneurs were homogeneous rather than heterogeneous. It appears as if female entrepreneurs have been less well researched than their male counterparts. Differences in the biographical backgrounds and business situation of, respectively, the white and the black entrepreneurs in South Africa have been assumed but little empirical evidence exists in this respect. Black en-trepreneurs, and female entrepreneurs are in most developed societies' minority groups and have not specifically been studied in depth - hence the present study. The biographical and business backgrounds of 569 South African entrepreneurs (106 Black and 463 White; 136 female and 433 male) were studied. One-way Analyses of Variance and Chi-squared followed by Discriminant analyses were carried out to determine whether, respectively, black and white entrepreneurs and male and female entrepreneurs differed in terms of the variables studied. Significant differences between the total group of male and female subjects were found on only five variables. White and black entrepreneurs differed statistically significantly on 16 of the 30 variables studied. Opsomming Die literatuur oor die biografiese agtergronde van entrepreneurs skyn baie teenstrydige bevindinge te bevat. Hierdie kan moontlik deels toegeskryf word aan die aanname dat steekproewe van entrepreneurs eerder homogeen eerder as heterogeen is. Dit skyn asof minder navorsing oor vroulike as oor manlike entrepreneurs gedoen is. Ten spyte van aannames in die verband, bestaan min empiriese gegewens oor die biografiese agtergronde en sake-situasie van respektiewelik wit en swart Suid-Afrikaanse entrepreneurs. Swart en vroulike entrepreneurs is in meeste gemeenskappe minderheidsgroepe en is nog nie in diepte bestudeer nie, daarom die huidige studie. Die biografiese en sake-agtergronde van 569 Suid-Afrikaanse entrepreneurs (106 swart en 463 wit; 136 vroulik en 433 manlik) is bestudeer. Een-rigting Analise van Variansie en Chi-kwadraat gevolg deur Diskriminant Analise is uitgevoer ten einde te bepaal of respektiewelik swart en wit en manlike van vroulike entrepreneurs in terme van die veranderlikes wat bestudeer is, verskil. Betekenisvolle verskille tussen die totale groep van manlike en vroulike entrepreneurs is slegs in terme van vyf veranderlikes gevind. Swart en wit entrepreneurs het statistics beduidend op 16 van die 30 veranderlikes in die studie ingesluit, verskil.

scholarly journals Characteristics of mortality in the Orenburg region population in 2011-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Evgenii L. Borschuk ◽  
Dmitrii N. Begun ◽  
Tatyana V. Begun
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
The Third ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases ◽  
External Causes

Objectives - to study the mortality indicators, their dynamics and structure, in the population of the Orenburg region in the period of 2011-2017. Material and methods. The study was conducted using the data from the territorial authority of statistics in the Orenburg region in the period from 2011 to 2017. The analytical, demographic and statistical methods were implemented for the study of the demographic indicators. Results. Cities and municipal settlements of the Orenburg region with high mortality indicators were included in the second and fourth clusters during the cluster analysis. The first and third clusters included cities and municipal settlements with an average mortality. The most favorable position has the Orenburg area with the lowest mortality rate in the region in 2017 - 8.4%. The dynamics of mortality rates among the male and female population tends to decrease, more pronounced dynamics is in men. Though, the male population is characterized by higher mortality rates in all age groups. The leading position among the causes of death is taken by diseases of the circulatory system (46.3% of the total mortality). The second position is occupied by tumors (17.2%), the third - by external causes (8.4%). Mortality from circulatory system diseases and from external causes has reduced. The dynamics of mortality from tumors does not change significantly. The rank of leading causes of death is not identical in the clusters: in the third and fourth clusters, the other causes occupy the second place in the structure of mortality, while tumors occupy the third. Conclusion. In the Orenburg region, the mortality rate is higher than overage in the Russian Federation by 0.9 per 1000 people. The study revealed significant territorial differences in the mortality rates. In general, the mortality among men in all age groups is higher than the mortality of women. The mortality rate from diseases of the circulatory system plays the leading role in the structure of mortality, but has the tendency for decline. Until 2006, the mortality from external causes ranked the second place, now the second place is taken by death from tumors The mortality from external causes is decreasing; mortality from tumors does not change significantly. The obtained results could be used by local authorities in developing the program of public health protection and assessing its effectiveness.

“As if she were Jerusalem”: Placemaking in Sephardic Salonica

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-169
Author(s):  
Peter Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Demographic Shift ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Specific Concept ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
The City

No Mediterranean city witnessed as dramatic a demographic shift as Salonica following the expulsion of the Jews from Iberia in 1492. This article explores the specific concept of placemaking in the context of this transformation, examining how the industries, devotional spaces, mythology, and material traditions of Iberian Jews tactically engaged with extant forms of Ottoman multicultural governance and social systems. Drawing upon a broad array of visual and textual information, this article argues that under the evolving mechanics of the millet and dhimmi systems, the nimbler aspects of material culture–color, fabric, dress, spoliation–proved to be the most effective in articulating and developing diasporic Sephardic identity within both the city and the empire. This article further analyzes the ways in which this identity was capable of, if not inclined to, the delimiting of regional, class, and gender groups, ultimately contouring and challenging notions of a monolithic minority culture within the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth through the early nineteenth century.

scholarly journals The morbidity, disability, and mortality associated with respiratory diseases in the Russian Federation (2015 – 2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-561
Author(s):  
Elena V. Bystritskaya ◽  
Tatiana N. Bilichenko
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
Far Eastern

Respiratory diseases (RD) represent one of the most urgent issues in Russian health care and have high socio-economic significance.The aim. To study the dynamics of total morbidity and mortality in the Russian Federation, as well as the mortality associated with RD in the working-age population in 2015 – 2019.Methods. The official statistical data of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the Federal State Statistics Service were analyzed.Results. In 2019, the total RD-associated morbidity increased by 5.4%, and the prevalence of pneumonia increased by 29.0% compared to 2015. In 5 federal districts (FD), the morbidity exceeded the average Russian morbidity in 2019 (40,694.7). The maximum level was observed in the North-Western FD (50,224.1). The prevalence of pneumonia (Russia – 524.4) in 4 FDs exceeded the average Russian prevalence. The maximum level was reported in the Far Eastern FD (749.2 cases per 100 thousand of the total population). The RD-associated mortality rate in Russia was 51.8 cases per 100 thousand in 2015 and 41.6 cases per 100 thousand in 2018 (–19.7%). In 2018, the highest RD-associated mortality was observed in the Siberian FD (68.0) and Far Eastern FD (57.8 per 100 thousand people). From January to December 2019, the highest mortality associated with pneumonia in the working-age population was observed in the Far Eastern FD (28.2 per 100 thousand people). The RD-associated mortality rate in the male population was 4.2 times higher than in the female population (26.7 and 6.3, respectively, per 100 thousand persons of matching age).Conclusion. The highest morbidity was found in 2018 and 2019 in the Northwestern FD and Far Eastern FD. The RD-associated mortality in the Siberian FD and Far Eastern FD exceeded the average Russian values. This last observation requires additional research to improve the quality of medical care.

scholarly journals MEDICAL AND STATISTICAL INDICATORS OF MORTALITY IN EMPLOYEES OF RUSSIAN STATE FIRE SERVICE (1996–2015)

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Aleksanin ◽  
E. V. Bobrinev ◽  
V. I. Evdokimov ◽  
A. A. Kondashov ◽  
N. A. Mukhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Statistical Indicators

Relevance. Russia has high mortality rates in general and among the working-age population, with dominating effects of external causes.Intention– To study rates and structures of the medical-statistical indicators of mortality due to diseases and the effects of external causes in the employees of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia over 20 years from 1996 to 2015.Methods.Annual population under study averaged (108.8 ± 6.2) thousand people, or about 80% of all the employees of the State Fire Service of Russia who had special military ranks. Operating staff comprised 53.4%, other employees – 46.6%. Mortality rates were calculated per 100 thousand employees of the State Fire Service of Russia. Data on the mortality of working-age men in Russia was obtained on the website of the Federal Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat) [http://www.gks.ru/]. The unification of accounting and analysis of indicators was achieved using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, the 10th revision (ICD-10). Results and Discussion. Mortality rate among employees of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia in 1996–2015 was (116.9 ± 5.7) deaths per 100 thousand employees per year vs 11 times higher mortality rate among the working-age male population of Russia: (1063.9 ± 33.7) deaths per 100 thousand men (p < 0.001). The mean age of the deceased employees of the State Fire Service of Russia was (44.5 ± 0.3) years, with overall mean age (36.9 ± 1.6) years (p < 0.001). The leading causes of death among employees of the State Fire Service of Russia (from more to less significant) were injuries and other effects of external causes (ICD-10 chapter XIX), diseases of the circulatory system (chapter IX) and neoplasms (II), diseases of the digestive system (XI) and diseases of the respiratory system (X). Mortality rates from these causes per 100 thousand employees per year amounted to (63.3 ± 33.7), (32.6 ± 2.7), (7.1 ± 0.6), (5.3 ± 1.0) and (5.0 ± 0.9) deaths; in cause-of-death structure – 54.2, 27.9, 6.0, 4.5 and 4.3%, respectively. The mortality rate from suicide among working-age Russian men was 6.4 times higher than that of firefighters – (66.0 ± 4.1) and (10.3 ± 1.1) deaths per 100 thousand men, respectively. However, in the overall cause-of-death structure, this cause accounted for a larger share in employ ees of the Russian State Fire Service (6.2 vs 8.8%). Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found when comparing occupational fatalities among the operating personnel of the State Fire Service of Russia and working population in Russia: (14.9 ±1.4) deaths per 100 thousand employees per year vs (11.6 ± 0.7) deaths per 100 thousand workers per year. Mortality rates of firefighters were calculated in the Federal districts and regions of Russia. For a number of causes of death in firefighters, there is a significant contribution of occupational factors, which require further research.Conclusion.There is a low alertness for identifying neoplasms and crisis conditions in firefighters. Focusing on the leading diseases, behavioral disorders, prevention of injuries, poisoning and other effects of external causes will improve health and reduce mortality of employees of the State Fire Service of Russia.Authors declare the absence of existing and potential conflicts of interest concerning the article publication. 

scholarly journals Shooting Parameters of Biathletes in Various Age Groups in 2011–2012 World Championships

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Kreivėnaitė
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Youth Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Youth Groups ◽  
Gender Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

Research background and hypothesis. Physical fitness problems in biathlon are quite extensively discussed, but biathlon shooting in Lithuania is not analyzed enough. The special literature lacks information about the shooting parameters that leaders demonstrate in the world biathlon championships. Moreover, shooting parameters in different age and gender groups have not been analyzed enough. The hypothesis that shooting parameters in adult, youth and junior age group biathletes would differ was tested. Research aim. The aim of our study was to analyze shooting parameters of biathletes in various age groups in 2011–2012 world championships and reveal fundamental differences in the aspects of age and gender. Research methods. Research participants were youths (age: 17–18 years), juniors (age: 19–20 years) and adults (age: 21–41 years), male and female biathletes. The number of subjects was 2175. Descriptive statistical methods were used for data analysis.Research results. Data analysis revealed the main differences in shooting parameters between adult, junior and youth groups, male and female biathletes. Also, comparison of shooting parameters between biathletes in various age groups and leaders in the same group was carried out. Discussion and conclusions. Our research revealed that the highest shooting accuracy was observed in adult male and female biathlete groups (p < 0.025). The shooting accuracy of junior and youth female biathletes was higher than that in the junior and youth male groups (p < 0.05). The longest average shooting time was in youth group (p < 0.001). The shooting time of biathletes in adult group was the shortest. We found that male biathletes in various age groups performed shots in less time compared to female biathletes (p < 0.05). Research results revealed that shooting parameters among leaders statistically significantly differed comparing them with the average shooting parameters in the group (p < 0.05).Keywords: biathlon, shooting accuracy, shooting time.

scholarly journals Mortality Among Firefighters in Spain: 10 Years of Follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 614-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanlan Zhao ◽  
Boris Erazo ◽  
Elena Ronda ◽  
Francisco Brocal ◽  
Enrique Regidor
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Respiratory Protection ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Mortality Rate Ratio ◽  
Standardized Mortality Rate ◽  
Overall Mortality

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to compare mortality rates for the main causes of death and the most frequent sites of cancer in firefighters and all other occupations. Methods Mortality was calculated from a longitudinal study conducted between 2001 and 2011 following a total of 9.5 million men aged 20–64 years old who were in employment in 2001. The age-standardized mortality rate for firefighters was calculated for cancer and other causes of death and compared with that for all other occupations using the mortality rate ratio (MRR). Results No differences were observed between firefighters and all other occupations for overall mortality [MRR = 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91–1.07] or for mortality from cancer in general (MRR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.89–1.12). No significant differences were observed in mortality by site of cancer, except for mortality from cancer of larynx (MRR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.01–3.09) and hypopharynx (MRR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.31–6.69), which presented a higher magnitude in firefighters. Neither was any significant differences observed between the two groups in mortality due to cardiovascular, respiratory, or digestive diseases or in mortality due to external causes. Conclusions Exposure to carcinogens combined with a possible failure to use respiratory protection when fighting fires may be responsible for excess mortality from laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer in firefighters. In the future, more research is needed on the health of firefighters and strengthening preventive policies for these workers.

Dynamics of the incidence of sexually transmitted infections in different groups of the adult population in the Russian Federation in 2011–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
A.A. Kubanov ◽  
◽  
E.V. Bogdanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

Objective. To describe the dynamics of the incidence of six sexually transmitted infections among different age and gender groups of the adult population in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The analysis of data from the federal statistical observation of the incidence of sexually transmitted infections in the Russian Federation in 2011–2019. Results. In the Russian Federation, in all age and gender groups of the adult population during the period 2011–2019, there was a decrease in the incidence of early forms of syphilis, trichomoniasis, gonococcal and chlamydia infections. There were changes in the age structure of the number of cases of sexually transmitted infections with an increase in the proportion of cases detected among people aged 40 or over. The increase in the incidence of late and other unspecified forms of syphilis was noted among the male population aged 30 years or over and the female population aged 40 years or over. In 2019, compared to 2011, the increase in the incidence of anogenital warts and anogenital herpes virus infection was recorded among the male population aged 40 or over. Key words: age and gender groups, incidence, sexually transmitted infections, the Russian Federation

scholarly journals Optimism, Gratitude and Emotional Intelligence as Correlates of Self-Confidence of Early Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priti Sharma ◽  
Sanjay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Age Range

The aim of the present study was to examine the emotional intelligence, gratitude and optimism as correlates of self-confidence of male and female early adults. Sample was consisted of 200 male and female post graduate students of age range 21 to 27 years. These subjects were taken from C.C.S. University Campus and degree colleges of Meerut city by quota random sampling. The measurement of variables under study was done through standardized tools individually. The tabulated data was analyzed by Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis using step wise method. Obtained results were showing a negative significant correlation between self-confidence and optimism and emotional intelligence at.01 level of significance in total subject and gender groups. The regression analysis has indicated that optimism and emotional intelligence were predictive variables for self-confidence of early adult subjects.

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