Alcohol-Related Problems in New Zealand Women

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Romans-Clarkson ◽  
Valerie A. Walton ◽  
G. Peter Herbison ◽  
Paul E. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

As total alcohol consumption has increased this half century in most developed countries, alcohol-related problems have become more frequent. Most research has either studied only men or failed to mention gender. This study examined the prevalence of alcohol problems and their socio-demographic associations in a random sample of New Zealand women. Women of younger age, who were unmarried, well educated, in employment, with child care support and who lived in rural communities saw themselves as having more problems with alcohol. Women who had experienced physical or sexual abuse as adults had increased rates of alcohol problems as did those with more psychiatric morbidity as assessed by the General Health Questionnaire and the short Present State Examination. However, women with multiple social roles, particularly caring responsibilities, were less likely than women with one or two social roles to view themselves as having alcohol problems. The data provided no support for the role strain hypothesis of alcohol abuse. It is argued that the findings support a social explanation for alcohol problems based on varying social sanctions on drinking and alcohol availability rather than a psychoanalytic one of unconscious conflicts over femininity, sexuality or female social roles.

Social Networks and Psychiatric Morbidity in New Zealand Women

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Romans ◽  
V. A. Walton ◽  
G. P. Herbison ◽  
P. E. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Demographic Subgroup ◽  
Demographic Subgroups

A random community survey of urban and rural New Zealand women revealed higher rates of psychiatric morbidity in subjects who reported poorer social support. Substantial differences in social networks were found between demographic subgroups. Rural women described better than expected social relationships, giving some support to the pastoral ideal of well integrated rural communities. Women in part-time employment also described better social networks. Elderly, low socio-economic, and widowed, separated and divorced women had poorer social relationships. It is suggested that normative values for social network measures for each demographic subgroup will need to be established before the clinical significance of deviations from the norm can be meaningfully evaluated. Also, the mechanisms linking social networks to health may vary in different subgroups.

Chinese Migrants’ Mental Health and Adjustment to Life in New Zealand

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max W. Abbott ◽  
Sai Wong ◽  
Maynard Williams ◽  
Ming Au ◽  
Wilson Young
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
University Education ◽  
Chinese Migrants ◽  
Younger Age

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify and assess the relative importance of predictors of the self-rated adjustment and psychiatric morbidity of recent Chinese migrants. Method: Chinese migrants (n = 271) living in Auckland and aged 15 years or older completed a postal questionnaire that included the Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ). The majority of respondents came from Hong Kong and Taiwan. Results: Most respondents did not report major adjustment problems. The psychiatric morbidity rate was 19%. Major predictors of experiencing problems included rejection by locals, being aged 26–35 years or over 45 years and low English proficiency. Major predictors of poor adjustment included unemployment, low English proficiency, lack of university education, younger age, shorter residency, expectations not met and regrets about coming to New Zealand. Predictors of minor mental disorder included regretting coming, female gender and younger age. For migrants resident 2 years or less, unemployment and underemployment were additional risk factors. Mothers with absent husbands and young people with absent parents also had elevated rates of mental disorder. Conclusions: Although the overall prevalence of mental disorder for this sample of recent migrants appears to be similar to that of the general population, significant risk factors were identified. The findings extend knowledge of the adjustment and the mental health of migrants and provide potential focal points for primary and secondary prevention interventions.

scholarly journals O5C.6 The health and wellbeing of new zealand veterans

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A47.1-A47
Author(s):  
David McBride ◽  
Dianne Gardner ◽  
Amy Richardson ◽  
Emma Wyeth ◽  
Ari Samaranayaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Wellbeing

The psychological and physical health and wellbeing of New Zealand contemporary veteransBackgroundFor New Zealand veterans, operational service and transition to civilian life are critical life events. Most veterans do well, but a significant minority fare poorly. Adverse outcomes are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD, and also the development of minor but multiple health complaints, ‘multiple symptom illness’ (MSI).AimThis project investigates factors associated with both wellbeing and ill health in NZ veterans, with the aim of developing a parsimonious instrument to detect ‘at risk’ veterans prior to, or at, transition.MethodsAn on-line cross-sectional survey.Wellbeing is measured by the EQ-5D, a health-related quality of life instrument assessing mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. The adverse outcome is PTSD, identified using the PCL-M, an instrument reflecting DSM-IV PTSD symptoms.Risk factors include MSI conforming to the Centers for Disease Control definition as ‘the presence, for at least six months, of one or more chronic symptoms from at least two of three categories, namely fatigue, mood-cognition and musculoskeletal symptoms’. The General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) screens for emotional distress and possible psychiatric morbidity. The Brief Trauma Questionnaire (BTQ), a 10-item self-report questionnaire derived from the Brief Trauma Interview, assesses the role of stressors contributing to PTSD.Protective factors include the 24-item Social Provisions Scale (SPS) assessing social relationships and various dimensions of social support.AnalysisLogistic regression will identify the model of best fit for PTSD (PCL-M) and wellbeing (EQ-5D) respectively.For MSI, a factor analysis will describe the pattern of symptom reporting. If this matches international experience, 3 factors will explain the majority of the variance in the data.ResultsAs at the 14th Nov 2018 we have 1592 completed questionnaires. Analysis will commence in mid-November 2018.

Symptoms of Alcohol Dependence Predict Suicide Ideation Among Alaskan Undergraduates

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. DeCou ◽  
Monica C. Skewes
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Students At Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Abstract. Background: Previous research has demonstrated an association between alcohol-related problems and suicidal ideation (SI). Aims: The present study evaluated, simultaneously, alcohol consequences and symptoms of alcohol dependence as predictors of SI after adjusting for depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption. Method: A sample of 298 Alaskan undergraduates completed survey measures, including the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire, the Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory – II. The association between alcohol problems and SI status was evaluated using sequential logistic regression. Results: Symptoms of alcohol dependence (OR = 1.88, p < .05), but not alcohol-related consequences (OR = 1.01, p = .95), emerged as an independent predictor of SI status above and beyond depressive symptoms (OR = 2.39, p < .001) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.08, p = .39). Conclusion: Alcohol dependence symptoms represented a unique risk for SI relative to alcohol-related consequences and alcohol consumption. Future research should examine the causal mechanism behind the relationship between alcohol dependence and suicidality among university students. Assessing the presence of dependence symptoms may improve the accuracy of identifying students at risk of SI.

Pathways ahead for New Zealand hill country farming

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G. Scrimgeour
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hill Farming ◽  
The Hill

This paper provides a stocktake of the status of hill country farming in New Zealand and addresses the challenges which will determine its future state and performance. It arises out of the Hill Country Symposium, held in Rotorua, New Zealand, 12-13 April 2016. This paper surveys people, policy, business and change, farming systems for hill country, soil nutrients and the environment, plants for hill country, animals, animal feeding and productivity, and strategies for achieving sustainable outcomes in the hill country. This paper concludes by identifying approaches to: support current and future hill country farmers and service providers, to effectively and efficiently deal with change; link hill farming businesses to effective value chains and new markets to achieve sufficient and stable profitability; reward farmers for the careful management of natural resources on their farm; ensure that new technologies which improve the efficient use of input resources are developed; and strategies to achieve vibrant rural communities which strengthen hill country farming businesses and their service providers. Keywords: farming systems, hill country, people, policy, productivity, profitability, sustainability

Associations Between Higher-Order Values Vary with Age, Education, and Income

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim Rudnev
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Value Structures ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Representative Samples

A theory of basic human values relies on the similarity of value structures across countries. It has been well established that the quasi-circumplex value structure as a whole is indeed universal. However, less attention has been paid to the associations between specific values. This study investigated associations between four higher-order values across age, education, and income groups. We analyzed the data from national representative samples collected in 29 countries as part of the fourth round of the European Social Survey with a series of multilevel regressions. Younger age, higher levels of education and income coincided with higher independence of the four adjacent higher-order values, whereas among older, less educated, and less wealthy groups, values tended to merge into a single dimension of Social versus Person Focus. These differences were slightly weaker in more economically developed countries. The group differences in value associations may follow from corresponding differences in the degree of societal and individual empowerment, cognitive abilities, and socialization experiences. Accounting for the individual differences in relations between values may bring deeper understanding and higher predictive power to the studies of links between values and various behaviors or attitudes. , value structure, value interactions, European Social Survey

scholarly journals Yersiniosis in New Zealand

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Lucia Rivas ◽  
Hugo Strydom ◽  
Shevaun Paine ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jackie Wright
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
One Health ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Insufficient Sensitivity

The rate of yersiniosis in New Zealand (NZ) is high compared with other developed countries, and rates have been increasing over recent years. Typically, >99% of human cases in NZ are attributed to Yersinia enterocolitica (YE), although in 2014, a large outbreak of 220 cases was caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Up until 2012, the most common NZ strain was YE biotype 4. The emergent strain since this time is YE biotype 2/3 serotype O:9. The pathogenic potential of some YE biotypes remains unclear. Most human cases of yersiniosis are considered sporadic without an identifiable source. Key restrictions in previous investigations included insufficient sensitivity for the isolation of Yersinia spp. from foods, although foodborne transmission is the most likely route of infection. In NZ, YE has been isolated from a variety of sick and healthy domestic and farm animals but the pathways from zoonotic reservoir to human remain unproven. Whole-genome sequencing provides unprecedented discriminatory power for typing Yersinia and is now being applied to NZ epidemiological investigations. A “One-Health” approach is necessary to elucidate the routes of transmission of Yersinia and consequently inform targeted interventions for the prevention and management of yersiniosis in NZ

Psychiatric Morbidity among Women in Urban and Rural New Zealand: Psycho-social Correlates

1990 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Romans-Clarkson ◽  
Valerie A. Walton ◽  
G. Peter Herbison ◽  
Paul E. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Rural Sample ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Child Care Facilities

A random community survey into psychiatric disorder among women in urban and rural New Zealand found urban women to be more often at age extremes, not married, better educated, in more paid employment, and to have better household and child-care facilities. There were no overall urban–rural differences in the GHQ-28 score, total PSE score or PSE case rates. A multiple regression found the same three factors accounted for most of the explained variance in both the urban and the rural total PSE scores: these were the quality of social networks, difficulties with alcohol, and the past experience of childhood sexual abuse. Low socioeconomic status, poor physical health, and adult experiences of sexual and physical abuse were also associated with increased psychiatric morbidity in both samples. Other individual sociodemographic items were correlated with psychiatric morbidity for the urban or rural sample only.

Alcohol Problems in the Workplace

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Peter Brock
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Employee Assistance Programs ◽  
Drug Related Problems ◽  
Employee Assistance ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Fine Line ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Health Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

The history of the employee assistance movement has its roots in the worker's health movement of the early 1900s and the employee alcohol assistance programs of the 1940s. The author discusses the important role alcohol assistance programs played in the evolution of current employee assistance programs and makes a very important distinction between programs that deal with alcohol-related problems and those that are currently being used for drug-related problems. The issue is raised of the fine line between using urinalyses as a method of rehabilitation and using it as a form of policing.

Drinking Motives as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Dating Violence Victimization and Alcohol Problems

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen E. Haynes ◽  
Catherine V. Strauss ◽  
Gregory L. Stuart ◽  
Ryan C. Shorey
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
Social Conformity ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

The present study sought to examine whether drinking motives (i.e., coping, social, conformity, and enhancement) moderated the relationship between physical, sexual, and psychological dating violence victimization and alcohol-related problems in a sample of drinking college women ( N = 177). Results demonstrated that coping and social drinking motives moderated the relationship between sexual victimization and alcohol problems; conformity, social, and enhancement drinking motives moderated the relationship between alcohol-related problems and physical victimization; no significant findings were evident for psychological aggression victimization. Our results partially support the self-medication model of alcohol use, and this may be particularly relevant to sexual victimization.

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