scholarly journals Seasonal variations in the prevalence ofCryptococcus neoformansvar.grubiiandCryptococcus gattiiin decayed wood inside trunk hollows of diverse tree species in north-western India: a retrospective study

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Randhawa ◽  
T. Kowshik ◽  
Anuradha Chowdhary ◽  
Anupam Prakash ◽  
Z. U. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Western India ◽  
Decayed Wood ◽  
North Western

Plasticity of branching in some important tree species from arid north-western India

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Bisht ◽  
O.P. Toky ◽  
S.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Western India ◽  
North Western

scholarly journals Zonal variations of the vertical distribution of atmospheric aerosols over the Indian region and the consequent radiative effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nair Krishnan Kala ◽  
Narayana Sarma Anand ◽  
Mohanan Remani Manoj ◽  
Harshavardhana Sunil Pathak ◽  
Krishnaswamy Krishna Moorthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Western India ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Dust Aerosols ◽  
Vertical Extent ◽  
North Western

Abstract. The vertical structure of atmospheric aerosols over the Indian mainland and the surrounding oceans and its spatial distinctiveness are characterized using long-term (2007–2020) spaceborne lidar observations, satellite-retrieved aerosol optical depths and assimilated aerosol single scattering albedo. The consequence of these on the spatial distribution of aerosol-induced atmospheric heating is estimated using radiative transfer calculations. The results show strong, seasonally varying zonal gradients in the concentrations and vertical extent of aerosols over the study region. In general, while over the oceans, aerosol concentrations decrease rather monotonically with increase in altitude (from its highest value near the surface), over the mainland, the concentrations initially increase from the surface to about 1 km before decreasing towards higher altitudes, in all seasons over Central India and during summer monsoon season in northern India. This is attributed to the seasonal variations in the source strengths and the atmospheric boundary layer dynamics. Compared to the surrounding oceans, where the vertical extent of aerosols is confined within 3 km, the aerosol extinction coefficients extend to considerably higher altitudes over the mainland, reaching as high as 6 km during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. Longitudinally, the vertical extent is highest around 75° E and decreasing gradually on either side over the peninsular India. In the west, the concentrations and vertical extent of aerosols are highest during summer/monsoon due to the lofting and strong advection of mineral dust and sea salt aerosols. Particulate depolarization ratio profiles affirm the ubiquity of dust aerosols in western India during monsoon. Dust aerosols are distributed all the way from surface to 6 km over the north-western semi-arid regions. While the presence of low-altitude dust aerosols decreases further east, the high-altitude (above 4 km) dust layers are observed to remain aloft throughout the year with seasonal variations in its zonal distribution over north-western India. Southern peninsular India and its surrounding oceans are marked with high-altitude (around 4 km) dust aerosols during the monsoon season. Radiative transfer calculations show that these changes in vertical distribution of aerosol loading and types result in enhanced atmospheric heating at the lower altitudes during pre-monsoon, with prominent heating within 2–3 km throughout the Indian region. These results will have large implications for aerosol-radiation interactions in regional climate simulations.

scholarly journals A comparative study of blood transfusion services before and during COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges faced: retrospective study done at a tertiary care hospital in North Western India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1788
Author(s):  
Sarita Sharma ◽  
Sunita Bundas ◽  
Prem Chand Malakar ◽  
Amit Sharma ◽  
Ankit Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Western India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
North Western

Background: The aim of blood transfusion services is timely and uninterrupted supply of safe blood. SARS-COV-2 pandemic has created the major disruption worldwide at all levels of health care. Announcement of national lockdown by Government of India and Janta Curfew to control the spread of virus has affected blood bank services majorly. Monitoring of supply and demand was done to maintain sufficient blood stocks to support emergency needs. In this article we have compared the blood bank services provided in the year 2019 to how COVID-19 pandemic has affected blood transfusion services in 2020 with reference to blood collection, blood supply and organization of voluntary blood donation camps.Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in the department of Immunohematology and blood transfusion in a tertiary care hospital in North Western India. In this study blood collection and blood supply data was evaluated retrospectively for 2 years i.e. from January 2019 to December 2020.Results: Total 89948 blood components were supplied in the year 2019 and 55152 in the year 2020. Total blood collection was 51317 units in the year 2019 and 34151 units in 2020 from voluntary and replacement blood donors. Major decline in blood collection and blood supply was observed in the months of April and May.Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on blood donation and blood supply and thus adversely affected blood transfusion services.

Gastrointestinal Protective Effect of Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz) Willd Leaf Extract Against Indomethacin and HCl-EtOH Induced Ulcers

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Shweta Jain ◽  
Sourabh Jain ◽  
Nagendra S. Chauhan ◽  
Ankur Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Western India ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Digestive Disorders ◽  
North Western

Background: Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. (Rhamnaceae) is a straggling shrub or a small tree, armed with spines, found throughout north western India, Pakistan and China. Methods: The aerial and root barks, leaves and fruits of Zizyphus species are used in medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as weakness, liver complaints, obesity, diabetes, skin infections, fever, diarrhea, insomnia and digestive disorders. Ethanolic extract of leaves of Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz) Willd was prepared by solvent extraction and subjected to study the protective effect against Indomethacin and HCl-EtOH induced ulcer using Ranitidine (100 mg/kg) and Omeprazole (8 mg/kg) as standard respectively. Results: Histopathological lesions with marked disorientation of the gastric epithelium was observed in negative control, while extract treated rats showed a better protected mucosa with intact epithelium in comparison to standard treated rats. Ulcer index and percentage ulcer protection also represent protecting effects of the extract. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Z. xylopyrus (Retz) Willd leaves extract was found to be significantly protective against gastric ulcers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Prognostic Factors for Palatal Fistulas after Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery in a North-Western Romanian Population over a 10-Year Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7305
Author(s):  
Daiana Antoaneta Opris ◽  
Horia Opris ◽  
Cristian Dinu ◽  
Simion Bran ◽  
Grigore Baciut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Timing Of Surgery ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
County Hospital ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Surgical Corrections ◽  
North Western

Cleft lip and palate is the most frequent birth anomaly, with increasing reported rates of complications, such as palate fistulae. Current studies concerning the occurrence rate of cleft lip and palate (CLP) report 2 to 10 cases in 10,000 births. The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence of factors that could predict the occurrence of fistulae after cleft lip and palate surgery. A retrospective study was performed by collecting and analyzing data from all patients who were operated for cleft lip and/or palate in the Maxillo-Facial Department of the Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Cluj-Napoca, Romania, between 2010 and 2020. We investigated the existing evidence for possible links between the number of fistulae observed after the primary palatoplasty and the age at which the primary palatoplasty was performed, the sex of the patient, the type of cleft, the timing of the surgical corrections, and the presence of comorbidities. A total of 137 cases were included for analysis. A significant link between the number of fistulae and the type of cleft was found (with fistulae occurring more frequently after the surgical correction of CLP—p < 0.001). No evidence was found for the existence of significant links between the number of fistulae and the patient’s sex, the timing of surgery, or the presence of comorbidities. This study concluded that the incidence of palatal fistulae appears to be influenced by the type of cleft (CLP), but not by the sex of the patient, the timing of surgery, or the presence of comorbidities.

Studies on the origin, evolution, and distribution of the Gramineae. III. The tribes of the subfamily Eragrostoideae

1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Hartley ◽  
C Slater
Keyword(s):  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Western India ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Hot Arid Climate ◽  
South West Africa ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
World Distribution ◽  
North Western

In further studies of grass distribution, maps are presented showing the world distribution of the Eragrosteae (sensu str.) and of the subfamily Eragrostoideae within which it is included. Both taxa show centres of high relative specific differentiation in inland Australia and in South West Africa, but in addition, the subfamily has centres of differentiation in the Sahara rekion, northern Mexico, and north-western India. The centres of differentiation are all in regions of hot, arid climate near the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. The close relationship between climate and distribution is most apparent in the case of the subfamily Eragrostoideae, species of which are relatively abundant in the grass flora of all arid regions with high winter temperatures and summer or non-seasonal rainfall incidence. The distributions of most of the other tribes and subtribes which have been included in the Eragrostoideae show a similar relationship to climate. Some apparent exceptions to this are discussed, and it is shown that the geographical evidence supports conclusions from recent cytotaxonomic and anatomical studies that the taxa concerned should be removed from the subfamily. The very wide distribution of the subfamily and of its constituent taxa, as well as the close relationship between the distribution pattern and climate, suggests that the subfamily is a very old one. Geographical and taxonomic evidence indicates that it may have originated in tropical or subtropical Africa at least as early as the Oligocene.

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