Procalcitonin levels in patients with positive blood culture, positive body fluid culture, sepsis, and severe sepsis: a cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yu ◽  
Xia-Xi Li ◽  
Ling-Xiao Jiang ◽  
Meng Du ◽  
Zhan-Guo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Sepsis ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Positive Blood Culture ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Fluid Culture

scholarly journals A Study of the Clinico-Bacteriological Profile of Infants Aged 29-59 Days Suffering from Very Severe Disease According to WHO IMCI Guideline

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rokshana A ◽  
Enshad EU ◽  
Muhammad Jabed AC ◽  
Pronab KC
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Culture Positive

INTRODUCTION: According to the IMCI guidelines young infants below 2 months are considered a special group because these infants have special characteristics, that they can become sick and die very quickly from serious bacterial infections. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to assess clinical characteristics of very severe disease according to WHO IMCI guideline among young infants of 29-59 days age and to determine whether clinically severe infections are associated with culture-positive bacteremia as well as to find out common etiological factors including organisms involved. The rationale behind conducting such research was that, although young infants of 29-59 days were equally vulnerable to severe infections as are the neonates; similar research addressing the condition in the young infants of the mentioned age is generally lacking. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, from March 2016 to September 2016. Young infants aged between 29-59 days presenting with signs of very severe disease were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were young infants with a congenital anomaly and very sick infants. RESULTS: In this study, it was observed that the majority (43.8%) of patients belonged to age 31-40 days and the mean age was 42.2 ± 7.4 days, ranged from 30 to 57 days. Regarding the sign of severe infection, the majority (97.7%) of patients had a fever, followed by 81.6% fast breathing, 65.5% history of unable to feed, 29.9% convulsion, 27.6% movement when stimulated, 18.4% grunting, and 2.3% had low body temperature. Eleven patients were found in blood culture positive. Klebsiella spp. was the most prevalent pathogens, comprising 6(54.5%) of the isolates, followed by coliform 2(18.2%), staphylococcus aureus 2(18.2%), and coagulase -ve staphylococcus was 1 (9.1%). CONCLUSION: Fever, fast breathing, and unable to feed were more common signs of very severe disease in the patients and positive blood culture was found in 12.6% of the cases. Klebsiella was found to be the commonest pathogen.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of the performance of clinical predictors in estimating the probability of pulmonary tuberculosis among smear-negative cases in Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e037913
Author(s):  
Mala George ◽  
Geert-Jan Dinant ◽  
Efrem Kentiba ◽  
Teklu Teshome ◽  
Abinet Teshome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Culture Negative

ObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of the predictors in estimating the probability of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) when all versus only significant variables are combined into a decision model (1) among all clinical suspects and (2) among smear-negative cases based on the results of culture tests.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingTwo public referral hospitals in Tigray, Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 426 consecutive adult patients admitted to the hospitals with clinical suspicion of PTB were screened by sputum smear microscopy and chest radiograph (chest X-ray (CXR)) in accordance with the Ethiopian guidelines of the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program. Discontinuation of antituberculosis therapy in the past 3 months, unproductive cough, HIV positivity and unwillingness to give written informed consent were the basis of exclusion from the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresA total of 354 patients were included in the final analysis, while 72 patients were excluded because culture tests were not done.ResultsThe strongest predictive variables of culture-positive PTB among patients with clinical suspicion were a positive smear test (OR 172; 95% CI 23.23 to 1273.54) and having CXR lesions compatible with PTB (OR 10.401; 95% CI 5.862 to 18.454). The regression model had a good predictive performance for identifying culture-positive PTB among patients with clinical suspicion (area under the curve (AUC) 0.84), but it was rather poor in patients with a negative smear result (AUC 0.64). Combining all the predictors in the model compared with only the independent significant variables did not really improve its performance to identify culture-positive (AUC 0.84–0.87) and culture-negative (AUC 0.64–0.69) PTB.ConclusionsOur finding suggests that predictive models based on clinical variables will not be useful to discriminate patients with culture-negative PTB from patients with culture-positive PTB among patients with smear-negative cases.

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to blood/body fluid splash and its predictors among midwives working in public health institutions at Addis Ababa city Ethiopia, 2020. Institution-based cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0251815
Author(s):  
Solomon Shitu ◽  
Getachew Adugna ◽  
Haimanot Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Institutions ◽  
Health Institutions

Background Blood/body fluid splash are hazards to health care professionals in their working area. Around twenty bloodborne pathogens are known to be transmitted through these occupational injuries. This problem alters the health status of health care professionals in different ways, including physically, mentally, and psychologically. Even though health professionals especially midwives who are working in delivery rooms are highly affected, little is known about the exposure. So, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of exposure to blood/body fluid splash and its predictors among midwives working in public health institutions of Addis Ababa city. Methods Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 438 study participants in public health institutions in Addis Ababa. Data was collected from March 1–20, 2020 by a self-administered questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. All variables with P<0.25 in the bivariate analysis were included in a final model and statistical significance was declared at P< 0.05. Results In this study, a total of 424 respondents respond yielding a response rate of 97%. The prevalence of blood and body fluid splashes (BBFs) was 198 (46.7%). Not training on infection prevention, working in two shifts (> 12 hours), not regularly apply universal precautions, job-related stress, an average monthly salary of 5001–8000 were independent predictors of blood and body fluid splashes. Conclusion The study revealed that nearly half of midwives were exposed to BBFS. This highlights the need for key stakeholders such as policymakers and service providers to design appropriate policies to avert this magnitude and making the environment enabling to comply with standard precautions. We recommend that this study may be done by including rural setting institutions and by including other health professionals that are susceptible to BBFS at work. Formal training on infection prevention and safety practice to apply universal precautions will be needed from the concerned bodies to prevent exposures to blood/body fluid splash.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance to Escherichia coli among Urine Culture-Positive Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (233) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Kushwaha ◽  
Khilasa Pokharel ◽  
Anuj Raj Kadel
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Culture Positive

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is treated by the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of uropathogensin our population. Present infection cases have been showing an increase in resistance to the currentfirst-line of antibiotics. The objective of this study is to determine the resistance of antibiotics inEscherichia coli in a tertiary care center. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study done in Kathmandu Medical College TeachingHospital from October 2018 to February 2019. The sample size was calculated, and convenientsampling was done. Patients with urine culture positive (i.e., Colony-forming unit >105) wereincluded in the study. All positive samples were tested for antibiotics sensitivity and resistance. Theresistance to the antibiotics was recorded using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion forbinary data. Results: Out of 100 samples, the highest number of organisms isolated was Escherichia coli, 71 (71%).Escherichia coli showed the highest resistance to drugs like Norfloxacin, 37 (52.11%), AmoxicillinClavulanic acid 37 (52.11%), followed by Co-trimoxazole 32 (45.1%), Ceftriaxone, 24 (33.8%), andCiprofloxacin 23 (32.3%). Conclusions: Escherichia coli showed the highest resistance to commonly used antibiotics likeNorfloxacin, Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid, Co-trimoxazole, Ceftriaxone, and Ciprofloxacin.

scholarly journals The anatomical site of perforation peritonitis and their microbiological profile: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1251
Author(s):  
Lohith P. ◽  
R. K. Jindal ◽  
Deepak Ghuliani ◽  
Rajshekar P.
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Common Organism ◽  
Perforation Peritonitis ◽  
Fluid Culture

Background: Initiation of early appropriate antibiotic therapy influences the outcome of perforation peritonitis, which otherwise is delayed till culture reports are available. The knowledge of microbial profile and sensitivity of peritoneal fluid culture with respect to the anatomical site of perforation peritonitis will help in initiation of early appropriate antibiotic therapy in the post-operative period.Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted from January 2017 to December 2017 where intraoperative peritoneal fluid sample in patients of perforation peritonitis was subjected to culture (aerobic and anaerobic) and sensitivity and results analysed with respect to anatomical site of perforation.Results: 50 patients were studied. The most common site of perforation was ileum (32%) followed by appendix (18%) and stomach (18%). In aerobic culture, the culture positivity rate was highest in colonic perforation (100%) and least in gastric perforation (44.4%). The most common organism isolated in all sites of perforation peritonitis was E. coli followed by Klebsiella spp. In anaerobic culture, although facultative anaerobes were isolated, no strict anaerobe was isolated. The most sensitive antibiotics covering all isolated organisms were gentamycin (p=0.006), colistin (p=0.018), piperacillin and tazobactum (p=0.022).Conclusions: The predominant differential normal flora according to site of gastrointestinal tract was not reflected in the peritoneal fluid culture of patients with perforation peritonitis and E. coli was the most common organism isolated in all sites of perforation peritonitis. The antibiotic sensitivity profile showed the increasing resistance against third generation cephalosporins. Aminoglycosides, piperacillin and tazobactum, meropenem and colistin showed a significant antimicrobial activity against organisms isolated from cases of perforation peritonitis. 

scholarly journals Comparison of Antibody Titre Against Salmonella Species among Healthy Individuals and Febrile Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
Achut Barakoti ◽  
Junu Richhinbung Rai ◽  
Ram Prasad Adhikari ◽  
Laxmi Kant Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background: Widal tube agglutination test is a widely used laboratory test for diagnosis of enteric fever   especially in resource limited countries where blood culture are not routinely available. We studied the titres from different groups including febrile and healthy populations in order to identify the significant agglutination titre. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study. Subjects were divided into three groups: 1) 60 healthy blood samples from volunteer students, 2) 60 febrile non-typhoidal cases and 3) 58 culture positive patient for enteric fever. Results: Among 60 apparently healthy volunteers, agglutination of ≥ 1:20 for anti O and anti-H titres against serotype Typhi were seen in 40 and 46 samples respectively. A significant proportion of   sample had a titre of ≥1:80 (n=19) and 1:160 (n=14) for anti O and anti-H titres against serotype Typhi respectively among healthy individuals. Similar observations were seen in febrile non typhoidal cases except for one which had a titre of ≥1:320 for anti O and anti-H titres against serotype Typhi. In blood culture positive typhoid cases, 56 samples showed agglutinations of ≥1:80 for both anti O and anti-H titres against serotype Typhi. However two of the total sample tested showed no agglutinations. In all cases from three groups, anti-H titre for S. enterica serotype Paratyphi A and B were below 1:80. Conclusions: Widal test can be used as presumptive diagnostic tool in all the suspected cases of enteric fever if the titres are specifically raised.Keywords: enteric fever; titre; widal aggultination test. 

Practices and impacts post-exposure to blood and body fluid in operating room nurses: A cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nongyao Kasatpibal ◽  
JoAnne D. Whitney ◽  
Sadubporn Katechanok ◽  
Sukanya Ngamsakulrat ◽  
Benjawan Malairungsakul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Operating Room Nurses

scholarly journals Ionized calcium level predicts in-hospital mortality of severe sepsis patients: A retrospective cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
SerefEmre Atis ◽  
Bora Cekmen ◽  
Ramazan Koylu ◽  
NazireBelgin Akilli ◽  
YahyaKemal Gunaydin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Sepsis ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Calcium Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Culture Positive Cases of Ophthalmia Neonatorum in a Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (236) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Shrestha ◽  
Sunil Raja Manandhar ◽  
Om Krishna Malla
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ophthalmia Neonatorum ◽  
Culture Positive

Introduction: Ophthalmia neonatorum although runs a benign course mostly, sometimes may progress to sight threatening complications. The study was conducted to find the prevalence of culture positive cases of opthalmia neonatorum. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care center from January to December 2019. Ethical clearance was obtained from institutional review committee of Kathmandu Medical College. Convenience sampling was done. All data were entered into excel and, then for analysis, exported to Statistal Package for Social Sciences version 21. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: The prevalence of culture positive cases of opthalmia neonaturum is 10 (55.55%) (32.61-78.49 at 95% Confidence Interval). The causative organisms were coagulase negative Staphylococcus 4 (40%), Staphylococcus aureus 3 (30%), Klebsiella 2 (20%) and Pseudomonas 1 (10%). Culture sensitivity of the isolated organisms were different according to the patient even in case of the same organism. Vancomycin 7 ( 70%) was the most sensitive antibiotic followed by Ciprofloxacin 6 (60%), Amikacin 5 (50%) and Cloxacillin 5 (50%) while Azithromycin 1 (10%), Cefixime 1 (10%) and Cotrimoxazole 1 (10%) were the least sensitive. Conclusions: Staphylococcus species was the most common organism isolated from neonates with ophthalmia neonatorum and vancomycin was the most sensitive antibiotic.

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