The Relationship Between Mother's Education Level, Mothers Knowledge and Breastfeeding Status with Toddler Motor Skills and Nutrition Status In Diwek Sub-District, Jombang Regency, East Java, Indonesia

The predominant breastfeeding coverage rate in Jombang Regency is 9 percent, which is the highest in the province of East Java. Furthermore, according to the Jombang Health Profile in 2019, the exclusive breastfeeding rate was 82.9 percent. The exclusive breastfeeding coverage rate is 0.23 percent lower than the rate of 83.03 percent in 2018. Mother's knowledge, mother's education level, environment and family, and socio-cultural support are all factors that contribute to the lack of exclusive breastfeeding. According to several researchers, a mother's level of education and knowledge has the greatest direct influence on breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between education level, mother's knowledge, and breastfeeding status with motor skills and nutrition status of toddlers in Diwek District, Jombang. This study used a cross-sectional study design with an observational analytic approach. The total population of this study, which included all children aged 0-4 years in Diwek District, Jombang Regency, was 9,264 children, with 200 samples obtained from calculations using the S. Lemeshow. The findings of this study from three independent variables (x) revealed that only one had a p-value greater than 0.05 or had a significant relationship with toddler motor skills. At the same time, the dependent variable nutritional status demonstrates that all factors in the independent variable have a p-value greater than 0.05 or indicate a link.

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The effects of mother’s education on achieving exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-10018-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Agung Dwi Laksono ◽

Ratna Dwi Wulandari ◽

Mursyidul Ibad ◽

Ina Kusrini

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Junior High School ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Employment Status ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Education Level ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Mother’S Education ◽

Mother’S Age ◽

Mother's Education

Abstract Background Even though the Indonesian government have set regulations for maintaining exclusive breastfeeding practices, the coverage remains low. The study aims to analyze the effects of mother’s education level on the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia. Methods This study used data from the 2017 Nutrition Status Monitoring Survey. It covered data of 53,528 children under 5 years old (7–59 months) as the samples. Variables included exclusive breastfeeding status, mother’s education level, mother’s age, marital status, employment status, gender, residence, under five’s age and gender. A binary logistics regression was performed in the final test. Results Mothers who graduated from elementary school were 1.167 times more likely to perform exclusive breastfeeding compared to mothers who never attended schools. Additionally, those who graduated from junior high school had 1.203 times possibilities to give exclusive breastfeeding compared to mothers without educational records. While, mothers who graduated from high school were 1.177 times more likely to perform exclusive breastfeeding compared to those without educational records. Mothers who graduated from tertiary education had 1.203 times more possibilities to perform exclusive breastfeeding compared to mothers who were never enrolled to schools. Other variables also became affecting predictors on exclusive breastfeeding, such as mother’s age, mother’s employment status, child’s age, and residence. Conclusions The mother’s education level positively affects exclusive breastfeeding practice in Indonesia.

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EFFECT OF WORK AND EDUCATION ON THE SUCCESS OF ESCLUSIVE ASI

Jurnal Sains Kebidanan ◽

10.31983/jsk.v2i2.6465 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Novi Eniastina Jasa ◽

Akma Listiana

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Working Mothers ◽

Education Level ◽

World Health ◽

P Value ◽

Test Results ◽

Mother’S Education ◽

Mother's Education

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Breast milk is the best food for babies. Exclusive breastfeeding or exclusive breastfeeding is that babies are only given breast milk without the addition of other fluids such as formula milk, oranges, honey, tea water, water and without the addition of solid foods such as bananas, papaya, milk powder, biscuits, rice porridge, and team. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016 still shows the average rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the new world is around 38 percent.Research Objectives: To determine the relationship between work and education on the success of exclusive breastfeedingMethods: The subjects of this study were all breastfeeding mothers who had babies aged 6-12 months. This type of research is analytic with cross sectional design, the independent variable in this study is the mother's employment status, the mother's education level and the dependent variable is exclusive breastfeeding. This research was conducted from June to August 2020Results: The results showed that 33 people (62.3%) did not provide exclusive breastfeeding and 20 people (64.2%) gave exclusive breastfeeding, the respondents who worked 37 people (69.8%) and did not work, namely 16 people ( 30.2%). The statistical test results obtained p-value = 0.014 (p-value 0.05), which means that there is a significant relationship between working mothers and exclusive breastfeeding at BPM Nurhasanah Bandar Lampung in 2020. In further analysis, OR = 5.98 which This means that mothers who do not work have a 5.98 times chance of giving exclusive breastfeeding compared to working mothers, while mothers with high education level 38 people (71.7%) have low education level 15 people (28.3%), the test results statistics were obtained (p-value = 0.678 0.05) which means that there is no relationship between education level and exclusive breastfeeding at BPM Nurhasanah Bandar Lampung in 2020.Conclusion: The majority of mothers do not provide exclusive breastfeeding, namely 62.3%, there is a significant relationship between working mothers and exclusive breastfeeding. Meanwhile, mother's education has no effect on the success of exclusive breastfeedingSuggestion: For health workers to provide breastfeeding counseling, especially the preparation of mothers who work in providing exclusive breastfeeding.

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Analisis Hubungan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dan Pendidikan Ibu terhadap Perkembangan Bayi

Jurnal Kesmas Asclepius ◽

10.31539/jka.v1i2.577 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 96-105

Author(s):

Dewi Sartika Siagian ◽

Sara Herlina

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Infant Development ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mother’S Education ◽

Mother's Education

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of exclusive breastfeeding and mother's education on infant development. This research is a quantitative observational analytic with cross sectional design. The results of univariate analysis show that most babies get exclusive breastfeeding as many as 46 people (55.4%), low education as many as 56 people (67.5%) and most of the normal development of 47 people ( 56.6%). The results of bivariate analysis of exclusive breastfeeding for infant development by chi square test obtained P value <0,000. Conclusions, there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding on infant development and bivariate analysis of maternal education on infant development. There is a relationship between mother's education and infant development. Keywords: Exclusive ASI, Mother's Education, Infant Development

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Pengaruh pemberian asi eksklusif dan non eksklusif terhadap mental emosional anak usia 3-4 tahun

JURNAL GIZI INDONESIA ◽

10.14710/jgi.4.1.16-21 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 16-21

Author(s):

Any Setyarini ◽

Maria Mexitalia ◽

Ani Margawati

Keyword(s):

Emotional Disorders ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Emotional Problem ◽

Education Level ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mental Age ◽

Mother’S Education ◽

Influence Variable ◽

Mother's Education

Background: Breastmilk is the best food contains all the elements of required nutrients for infant aged 0-6 months, and the attachment of the breastfeeding process give better of growth and mental emotional development of the infant. Less attachment between mother and infant caused mental emotional disorders, that affect to the next period of child’s development..Objective : The objective of this research was to analyze the differences of influence of exclusive breastfeeding and non exclusive brestfeeding history on child’s emotional mental age of 3-4 years as well as analyze the most dominant variables. Method: This was an observational analitic research with cross sectional approach. The subjects consisted of 84 children aged 3-4 years, living Banyumanik subdistrict Semarang, taken by purposive sampling and grouped into exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding. The data was collected by questionnaire, and the analysis using chi square and logistic regression.Result: The study showed that most of children with exclusively breastfed had good mental emotional (76.2%), while children who did not get exclusively breastfed had a mental emotional problem (64.3%). There were relations between breastfeeding (p=0,001), mother’s knowledge (p=0,001), mother’s attitude (p=0,001), and mother’s education level (p=0,029) to children’s mental emotional. Education level of mother was the most influence variable for child’s emotional mental after addjusted with mother’s knowledge, mother’s attitude, mother’s education level, and birth weight of children.Conclusion: Breastfeeding history, mother’s knowledge, mother’s attitude, and mother’s education level were factors that influencing to children’s mental emotional

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Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan Ibu Dan Pemberian Asi Eksklusif Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan Tahun 2015

Media Gizi Pangan ◽

10.32382/mgp.v25i1.56 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Mustamin Mustamin ◽

Ramlan Asbar ◽

Budiawan Budiawan

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Health Condition ◽

Education Level ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Social Infrastructure ◽

Normal Children ◽

South Sulawesi ◽

The Relationship

Stunting is caused by three factors, involving individuals’ food intake, birth weight, and health condition; the quality and quantity of food nutrition, human resources, number and family structure, parenting, health care, and services; and environmental factors that include social infrastructure, educational services and health services.This aimed to find the relationship between mothers’ education level and exclusive breastfeeding toward the toddlers’ stunting in South Sulawesi Province 2015 based on the report of secondary data analysis on Nutrition Status (PSG) 2015.This research used 2015 PSG data with observational design. The samples in this research were toddlers in 3 cities or regency in South Sulawesi Province with the highest stunting event rate, they were Jeneponto (300 toddlers), Pangkep (300 toddlers) and Tana Toraja (298 toddlers). Secondary data were taken from PSG report of 2015. The nutrition status was measured by anthropometry. Mothers’ education level and exclusive breastfeeding data were obtained by asking respondents using PSG 2015 questionnaires. To find out the relationship of two variables, it was conducted yate's correlation test using SPSS program. The data were presented in the form of frequency distribution tables and narration.The results showed that the prevalence of stunting was 44%. The proportion of lower educated mothers was 56.5%, while exclusive breastfeeding was quite high at 94.8%. Mothers with less education (27.7%) had stunting children, while 27.3% well-educated mothers have normal children and there was a significant relationship between mother education level and stunting on toddlers (p = 0,001). The stunting was found on toddlers who are not exclusively breastfed (0.9%) and exclusively breastfed (43.1%), and there was a significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and stunting incidence in toddlers (p = 0.000).

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Hubungan antara Tingkat Pendidikan Ibu dan Kecerdasan Logika-Matematika Siswa R.A. Muslimat N.U. Ponorog

Nadwa ◽

10.21580/nw.2013.7.2.559 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 211

Author(s):

Kurnia Hidayati

Keyword(s):

Significant Relationship ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Education Level ◽

Quantitative Approach ◽

Significance Level ◽

High Category ◽

Mother’S Education ◽

Standard Deviations ◽

The Relationship ◽

Mother's Education

This study describes the relationship between mother's education level and students’ logic-mathematical intelligence at the RA NU 074 Ronowijayan Ponorogo. This study was conducted with a quantitative approach through the study of documentation and questionnaires. The data is processed by the formula percentages and standard deviations and analyzed by correlation of contingency coefficients. The results showed that (1) The level of maternal education were high for as many as 10 people or 50%, the categories are as many as 7 people or 35% and the low category as many as 3 people or 15%; (2) Logical mathematical intelligence which include high category with a score of > 62.103 as many as three people, the medium category with a score of 44.697 to 62.103 as many as 13 people and low category with a score of < 44.697 of 4 people and (3) There is a positive and significant relationship between mother's education level and logic-mathematical intelligence RA NU's 074 students Ronowijayan Ponorogo at a significance level of 5% with Φ0 > table or 0.6000606 > 0.444 then H0 is rejected and Ha accepted.Abstrak Penelitian ini menjelaskan hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan ibu dan kecerdasan logika-matematika pada siswa RA Muslimat NU 074 Ronowijayan Ponorogo. Kajian ini dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui studi dokumentasi dan angket. Datanya diolah dengan rumus persentase dan standar deviasi serta dianalisis dengan Korelasi Koefisien Kontingensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Tingkat pendidikan ibu yang termasuk kategori tinggi sebanyak 10 orang atau 50%, kategori sedang sebanyak 7 orang atau 35% dan kategori rendah sebanyak 3 orang atau 15%; (2) Kecerdasan logika-matematika yang termasuk kategori tinggi dengan skor > 62,103 sebanyak 3 orang, kategori sedang dengan skor 44,697 – 62,103 sebanyak 13 orang dan kategori rendah dengan skor < 44,697 sebanyak 4 orang dan (3) Terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan ibu dan kecerdasan logika-matematika siswa RA Muslimat NU 074 Ronowijayan Ponorogo pada taraf signifikansi 5% dengan Φ0 > tabel atau 0.6000606 > 0.444 maka H 0 ditolak dan H a diterima.

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Faktor Risiko yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Pneumonia pada Balita di Puskesmas Ikur Koto Kota Padang

Health & Medical Journal ◽

10.33854/heme.v1i1.215 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 22-29

Author(s):

Riza Rigustia ◽

Laura Zeffira ◽

Ade Teti Vani

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Family Member ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Relation ◽

Chi Square ◽

Mother’S Education ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Mother's Education

The occurrence of pneumonia is related to many factor such as the age of toddler, sex of the toddler, the low birth weight, history of giving exclusive breastfeeding, measles immunization history, DPT immunization history, Hib immunization history, mother’s occupation, mother’s education and family members who are smoker. The aim of this research was to find out risk factor related to pneumonia occurrence in toddler in Puskesmas Ikur Koto Padang city in 2017. This research used case control design, samples consisted of 30 cases and 30 controls. Data was collected by using questioner and it was anlyzed with chi square test, kolmogrov smirnov and logistic regression test. The result was obtained that pneumonia toddler who were 12-48 months were 76.7%, the sex was male (60%), birth weight was ≥2500 gram (90%), there was no exclusive breastfeeding (73.3%), nutritional status was normal (66.7%), there was no measles immunization (80%), toddler did not receive DPT immunization (66.7%), there was no Hib immunization (50%), mothers who work (60%), high and middle education (40%), smokers family member beside the mother (90%). bivariate result showed that there was significant relation between pneumonia and exclusive breastfeeding history (p value= 0,00), measles immunization (p value =0,00), DPT immunization history (p value= 0,00), Hib Immunization history (p value= 0,032), and mother’s occupation (p value =0,020). in multivariate analysis, there was significant relation between exclusive breastfeeding history, measles immunization history, mothers’ occupation with the occurrence of pneumonia. There was no significant relation between age of toddler, sex, birth weight, nutritional status, mother’s education and smokers in family member with the occurrence of pneumonia

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Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Iklan Susu Formula dengan Pemberian ASI Ekslusif di Wilayah Puskesmas Rawat Inap Cempaka Kota Banjarbaru

Jurnal Kesehatan Indonesia ◽

10.33657/jurkessia.v9i2.177 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Netty Netty ◽

Siti Rabiathul ◽

Nurul Indah Qoriati

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Milk Formula ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Formula Milk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Breastfeeding Rate ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Exclusive breastfeeding rate in South Kalimantan is only 51.18% of what should be 70%. Factors that inhibit exclusive breastfeeding are the lack of mother's knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding excellence, mother's attitude towards exclusive breastfeeding, and incessant milk formula advertising. The aim of this research is to know the relationship of knowledge, attitude and advertising of formula milk with Exclusive Breast Feeding in Cempaka Rawat Inap Puskesmas of 2018. Method of research of analytic survey with cross sectional approach. The population is all mothers who have babies aged 6-24 months which amounted to 435 people. Sample of 81 people. Sampling using technique Purposive sampling. The statistical test is Chi square test. The results showed that the most breastfeeding was not exclusive breastfeeding as much as 42 people (51.9%). Knowledge of respondents at most is quite as much as 43 people (53.1%). The most positive attitude is 46 people (56.8%). Infant formula advertising in mothers showed that most respondents were interested in formula milk ads as much as 48 people (59.3%). There is knowledge relation (p-value = 0,012 <α 0,05), there is relationship of attitude (p-value = 0,000 <α 0,05). There is a formula milk advertising relationship (p-value = 0,000 <α 0.05). It is hoped that mothers can increase their knowledge, awareness about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding, and are not interested in formula milk advertising despite offering attractive promotions and prizes

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Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pemberian ASI Ekslusif Pada Bayi Di Puskesmas Talaga Jaya

Madu : Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.31314/mjk.10.1.9-16.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Amanda Adityaningrum ◽

Herlina Jusuf ◽

Pradita Pristi Nusi

Keyword(s):

Health Center ◽

Family Support ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Health Workers ◽

Early Initiation ◽

P Value ◽

Early Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Mother’S Education ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽

Mother's Education

Exclusive breastfeeding is breastfeeding for 6 months without providing complementary foods or drinks. The health center with the lowest achievement of exclusive breastfeeding, based on data from the Gorontalo Provincial Health Office, is the Talaga Jaya Health Center. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding for infants at the Talaga Jaya Health Center. This research is a quantitative research. The population is all infants aged 7-11 months totaling 290 people and the sample amounting to 168 people. The sampling technique used is Accidental Sampling and the data analysis used is Logistic Regression. Mother's education, mother's occupation, implementation early initiation of breastfeeding and family support obtained a p-value (0.000) less than (0.05), while the support of health workers had a p-value (0.998) more than (0.05). The factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding for infants at the Talaga Jaya Health Center are mother's education, mother's occupation, implementation of early initiation of breastfeeding, and family support. It is recommended for family members to be able to participate in exclusive breastfeeding by providing support for mothers breastfeeding up to 6 months..ASI Ekslusif adalah pemberian ASI selama 6 bulan tanpa memberikan makanan atau minuman pendamping. Puskesmas dengan capaian ASI Ekslusif terendah, berdasarkan data dari Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Gorontalo adalah Puskesmas Talaga Jaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada bayi di Puskesmas Talaga Jaya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Kuantitatif. Populasinya adalah seluruh bayi yang berumur 7-11 bulan berjumlah 290 orang dan sampel berjumlah 168 orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah Accindental Sampling dan analisis data yang digunakan adalah Regresi Logistik. Pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, pelaksanaan IMD dan dukungan keluarga memperoleh nilai p-value (0,000) kurang dari α (0,05), sedangkan dukungan petugas kesehatan memiliki nilai p-value (0,998) lebih dari α (0,05). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemberian ASI Ekslusif pada bayi di Puskesmas Talaga Jaya adalah pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, pelaksanaan IMD, dan dukungan keluarga. Disarankan kepada anggota keluarga untuk dapat ikut berpartisipasi dalam pemberian ASI Eksklusif dengan cara memberikan dukungan selama ibu menyusui sampai 6 bulan.

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Hubungan Pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) dengan Riwayat Sakit Bayi 0–6 bulan di Indonesia (Analisis Data Riskesdas 2013)

Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan ◽

10.22435/mpk.v29i1.182 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

Amir Suudi ◽

A Muchtar Nasir ◽

Nida Rohmawati ◽

Sudarto Ronoatmodjo

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Education Level ◽

Breastfeeding Initiation ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mother’S Education ◽

Mother's Education

Abstract Many factors are associated with illness of infant 0-6 months. The objective of this study is to know the association between exclusive breastfeeding and illness of infants 0-6 months in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from cross sectional survey of Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2013, with a sample of 5,017 infant 0-6 months. Results showed the prevalence of infants who are exclusively breastfed was 30,24%, the prevalence of was 18.24%, the prevalence of illness among non-exclusive breastfeeding infants was 19.57%, the prevalence of illness among exclusive breastfeeding infants was 15,16%. Analyze of Cox regression show that crude prevalence ratio (PR) of illness among non-exclusive breastfeeding compared with PR of illness among exclusive breastfeeding infants was 1.29 (95% CI 1.13-1.48), and PR of illness among non-exclusive breastfeeding compared with PR of illness among exclusive breastfeeding infants adjusted by mother’s education level was 1,29 (95% CI 1.05-1.41). Conclusions, infants 0-6 months who are not exclusively breastfed have 1.29 times higher risk of getting illness compared with who receive exclusive breastfeeding, adjusted by mother’s education level. It is recommended to increassing efforts to give exclusive breastfeeding infants as early as possible until six months, with increassing knowledge of mother and commitment of stakeholder to completed equipment of early breastfeeding initiation. Abstrak Banyak faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian sakit bayi, salah satunya pemberian air susu ibu (ASI). Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemberian ASI terhadap riwayat sakit pada bayi 0-6 bulan di Indonesia, maka dilakukan penelitian menggunakan data sekunder hasil survei cross sectional Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013, dengan sampel sebanyak 5.017 bayi 0-6 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi bayi 0-6 bulan yang mendapat ASI esklusif sebesar 30,24% dengan prevalensi sakit sebesar 18,24%. Prevalensi sakit pada bayi yang tidak diberikan ASI ekslusif sebesar 19,57%, sedangkan prevalensi sakit pada bayi yang diberikan ASI eksklusif sebesar 15,16%. Analisis regresi Cox menunjukkan bahwa rasio prevalensi kasar antara bayi sakit yang tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif dengan yang mendapat ASI eksklusif sebesar 1,29 (95% CI 1,13-1,48). Rasio prevalensi antara bayi sakit yang tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif dengan yang mendapat ASI eksklusif setelah dikontrol variabel pendidikan ibu sebesar 1,29 (95%CI 1,05-1,41). Kesimpulannya, bayi 0-6 bulan yang tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif memiliki risiko sakit sebesar 1,29 kali dibandingkan yang mendapat ASI eksklusif, setelah dikontrol oleh variabel pendidikan ibu. Disarankan adanya peningkatan upaya pemberian ASI eksklusif pada bayi baru lahir sedini mungkin hingga enam bulan, dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu dan komitmen stakeholder melengkapi perlengkapan praktek inisiasi menyusui dini (IMD).

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