scholarly journals The Elusive Balkan Spark: 28 June 1914, Again and Always

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-331
Author(s):  
John Zametica
Keyword(s):  
Review Essay ◽  
Modern World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Key Events

The assassination of Franz Ferdinand on 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo justifiably continues to attract the attention of historians as one of the key events in the history of the modern world. This review essay examines several recent scholarly contributions published in a collection of essays devoted to the theme. It highlights the ongoing controversies and contradictory interpretations surrounding the subject.

Key Events in the History of Electron Microscopy

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Haguenau ◽  
P.W. Hawkes ◽  
J.L. Hutchison ◽  
B. Satiat–Jeunemaître ◽  
G.T. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Key Events ◽  
Modern Computing

It is not easy to understand how the electron microscopes and electron microscope techniques that we know today developed from the primitive ideas of the first microscopists of the 1930s. Newcomers to the subject in particular, their time almost fully occupied with grasping practical methods and modern computing techniques, can rarely devote much attention to the history of their subject. For some, however, this is a source of frustration: If a guide to the principal stages in the development of the subject and to the main actors and their publications were available, they would find the time to study it.

scholarly journals ‘Searching for the People in Charge’: Appraising the 1983 Griffiths NHS Management Inquiry

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN GORSKY
Keyword(s):  
Political Accountability ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
General Management ◽  
Conservative Government ◽  
The People ◽  
Central Direction ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Key Events ◽  
Oral Evidence

AbstractThis is the first of two related articles in the present volume which examine the recent history of health services management using the case of the British National Health Service (NHS). In the historiography of the NHS the 1980s is widely seen as a watershed, when public policy first sought to introduce market disciplines into its operation. Administrative and managerial reforms were central to this process, and their origins and impact have been the subject of continuing debate. This article examines and evaluates one of the key events in this history, the Griffiths NHS Inquiry of 1983, which put in place the principles of ‘general management’ in the NHS. Drawing on both documentary records and oral evidence it offers fresh perspectives on the reasons why the Conservative government embarked on this reform, on the workings of the inquiry team under the leadership of the businessman Roy Griffiths, and on the uneven course of the implementation of his recommendations. While its initial impact arguably did not meet the expectations of its supporters, it is suggested that several of Griffiths’ key concerns have grown, not diminished, in importance as aspects of subsequent health politics. These include: the need for clinician involvement in NHS management and financing; the conundrum of how to depoliticise the central direction of the service while retaining political accountability; the desirability of measuring and improving performance; and the question of how best to incorporate the wishes of patients and public in the decision-making arena.

Should we really ReORIENT?

Itinerario ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peer Vries
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World History ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Do So

Andre Gunder Frank's latest work, ReORIENT: Global Economy in the Asian Age definitely is a book with a message. Its author sets out to challenge what according to him are the received opinions in historiography and social science on the making of the modern world. He does so relentlessly and overturns the ideas of such influential scholars as Marx, Weber, Polanyi, Rostow, Braudel and Wallerstein. As a matter of fact, of almost everybody who has ever touched upon the subject. All these misled if not downright misleading scholars are thought to suffer from Eurocentrism. Which of course is a Bad Thing. Frank uses the word to refer to people who profess to tell the history of the world but do so by preponderantly gazing at their European navel, unduly magnifying Europe's uniqueness and role in world history.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY OF BIOETHICAL CONSCIOUSNESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
L.O. Puzyreva ◽  
S.Yu. Zhdanova
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bioethical Issues ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Events ◽  
Scientific Life

This article presents a theoretical analysis of the history of the formation and existence of a relatively new branch of scientific knowledge - bioethics - at the present stage of its development. Different approaches to the definition of the causes and prerequisites for the emergence of bioethics are analyzed. The key events of the social, moral, ethical and scientific life of society that have influenced the emergence and identification of the direction of bioethics are indicated. The relevance and importance of bioethics in the modern world is demonstrated. The authors of the article have analyzed existing materials on this problem and identified a number of significant problems, the solution of which is currently being addressed by researchers of bioethical issues of our time. Moreover, the article presents a theoretical analysis of such important concepts of bioethics as bioethical consciousness, bioethical upbringing and education. The main and most important functions of bioethical consciousness are highlighted. It is shown that bioethical upbringing and education is becoming extremely important today for the training of highly qualified specialists of any profile.

Reflections of Epidemic Diseases in Dystopic Works: An Example of "An Trial of Blindness"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yağmur Ceylan
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Period ◽  
Aesthetic Pleasure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The New Period ◽  
To Come ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

Throughout human history of mankind, many epidemics have arisen, and these diseases have been frequently the subject of novels and movies. The spread of the Covid-19 virus has caused the works on epidemic diseases to come back to the agenda and it has caused to be reconsidered for this issue in the new period works. One of these literary works, the novel “Ensaio Sobre a Cegueira” (Blindness) which is written by Saramago in 1995, is essentially a dystopian work that seeks an answer to “Well, what if all people suddenly went blind for no reason?”. While the author deals with the conflicts in the modern world, the collapse of conscience and moral values through the image of blindness, at the same time he is striving to give aesthetic pleasure to the reader. The work, which has also been adapted to cinema with the same name, maintains actuality even today. This study consists of comparison between the novel “Ensaio Sobre a Cegueira” (Blindness) and the movie Blindness (2008) which was originally adapted to the novel. Literature review, textual analysis and content analysis were used as methods. The comparison is based on the discussion of the social effects of the COVID-19 virus which emerged in 2020 and spread all over the world.

scholarly journals ЭТИЧЕСКИЕ ПОСТУЛАТЫ АСПЕКТОВ БИОЭТИКИ В РАКУРСЕ МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (12(52)) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Гамар Ханум Джавадлы
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Ethical Attitude ◽  
Medical Experiments ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Bioethics is the new starting point of philosophical thought. Its formation and development is directly related to the transformation of medical ethics as a whole. A traditional methodological tool for acquainting oneself with the scientific, socio-political and moral essence of bioethics in the modern world is an excursion into the history of the origin and stages of the development of the subject. Interest in bioethics is, first of all, an indicator of global public attention to human rights, the use of new technologies and medical experiments on people, which in turn create serious legal and moral problems in society. Today, there is a need to study theoretical and historical aspects in order to study and classify this issue. The article discusses and sets out in detail the foundations of an ethical attitude to the human person from the perspective of biomedicine.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Roshdi Rashed

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 279-295
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aref
Keyword(s):  
Review Essay ◽  
Great Book ◽  
Mathematical Language ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Galileo Galilei ◽  
Elementary Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Universe

This review essay introduces the work of the Egyptian scientific historian and philosopher Roshdi Rashed, a pioneer in the field of the history of Arab sciences. The article is based on the five volumes he originally wrote in French and later translated into Arabic, which were published by the Centre for Arab Unity Studies and which are now widely acclaimed as a unique effort to unveil the achievements of Arab scientists. The essay reviews this major work, which seems, like Plato’s Republic to have “No Entry for Those Who Have No Knowledge of Mathematics” written on its gate. If you force your way in, even with elementary knowledge of computation, a philosophy will unfold before your eyes, described by the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei as “written in that great book which ever lies before our eyes—I mean the universe—but we cannot understand it if we do not first learn the language and grasp the symbols, in which it is written. This book is written in the mathematical language, and the symbols are triangles, circles and other geometrical figures, without whose help it is impossible to comprehend a single word of it; without which one wanders in vain through a dark labyrinth.” The essay is a journey through this labyrinth where the history of world mathematics got lost and was chronicled by Rashed in five volumes translated from the French into Arabic. It took him fifteen years to complete.

History of the Study of Apocrypha in Early Medieval England

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Brandon W. Hawk
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Early Judaism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Early English

Literature written in England between about 500 and 1100 CE attests to a wide range of traditions, although it is clear that Christian sources were the most influential. Biblical apocrypha feature prominently across this corpus of literature, as early English authors clearly relied on a range of extra-biblical texts and traditions related to works under the umbrella of what have been called “Old Testament Pseudepigrapha” and “New Testament/Christian Apocrypha." While scholars of pseudepigrapha and apocrypha have long trained their eyes upon literature from the first few centuries of early Judaism and early Christianity, the medieval period has much to offer. This article presents a survey of significant developments and key threads in the history of scholarship on apocrypha in early medieval England. My purpose is not to offer a comprehensive bibliography, but to highlight major studies that have focused on the transmission of specific apocrypha, contributed to knowledge about medieval uses of apocrypha, and shaped the field from the nineteenth century up to the present. Bringing together major publications on the subject presents a striking picture of the state of the field as well as future directions.

The Question of Authority: Deracinating Race, Repositioning Religion, and Regenerating Gender in the History of African American Islam

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 213-227
Author(s):  
Rosemary Hicks
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Islam ◽  
African American Islam ◽  
Oxford University Press

A review essay devoted to Islam and the Blackamerican: Looking Toward the Third Resurrection by Sherman A. Jackson. Oxford University Press, 2005. 256 pages. Hb. $29.95/£22.50, ISBN-13: 9780195180817.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document