scholarly journals Dengue Control Measures in Tagbilaran City, Bohol, Philippines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar E. Acosta ◽  
Mauro Allan Padua Amparado
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
Dengue Control ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
Search And Destroy

The study determined the implementation of the Department of Health’s Dengue control measures in Tagbilaran City, Bohol, Philippines. It specifically sought to answer the following questions: profile of the respondents in terms of age, highest educational attainment, family income, and number of children 12 years old and below; level of implementation of Dengue Control Program in terms of search and destroy, and self-protection measures; and perceptions on Dengue control measures in terms of seeking early consultation and fogging. This study utilized the descriptive-correlational design. There were 398 respondents who were involved in this study. They were mothers, 18 years old and above and from the 15 barangays of Tagbilaran City, Bohol. A modified researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. This study is a replication of the study of Rufo & Amparado on Dengue control measures conducted in the City of Naga, Cebu, Philippines (2017). The results revealed that majority of the respondents belonged to the age range of 26 to 45 years old, college students, has an income range of 5,000 to 10,000 Philippine pesos per month and have two children below 12 years old. In terms of search and destroy, and self-protection measures, mothers have strong implementation on covering water containers with tight lid as well as storing properly and discarding non-essential containers like bottles, cans, jars and tires. Moderate implementation was on changing flowers from water vases, and cleaning the vicinity from drains and garbage. Mothers have poor implementation measures on the use of mosquito repellants, mosquito nets at daytime, and the use of household insecticide aerosol, insecticide vaporizers, or mosquito coils. Most of them recognized the early signs and symptoms of dengue such as severe headache and fever. Nearly all mothers brought their child to the nearest health facility as part of their initial management every time their child experiences fever. Most of them do not agree on the use of fogging measures to be done against dengue control. There were significant relationships between the profile and: search and destroy measures; self-protection measures; and knowledge on the early signs and symptoms of dengue. In conclusion, dengue prevention and control in the community have not been fully implemented because of the lack of community-based, integrated health control program which are sustainable and health-enhancing. Recommendations include replicating the study and the implementation of the proposed action plan. Recommended citation: Acosta, E. E. & Amparado, M. A. P. (2017). Dengue Control Measures in Tagbilaran City, Bohol, Philippines. Journal of Research in Nursing, 3(1), 20-29.Reference: Rufo, F. J. M. & Amparado, M. A. P. (2017). Implementation of Dengue Control Measures in City of Naga, Cebu, Philippines. IAMURE International Journal of Social Sciences, 19(1), 58-76.

scholarly journals Risk estimation and prediction by modeling the transmission of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in mainland China excluding Hubei province

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wan ◽  
Jing-an Cui ◽  
Guo-jing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Reproduction Ratio ◽  
Self Protection

AbstractBackgroundIn December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan, China and, later on, detected in other parts of China. Our aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of the evolution of interventions and self-protection measures, estimate the risk of partial lifting control measures and predict the epidemic trend of the virus in mainland China excluding Hubei province based on the published data and a novel mathematical model.MethodsA novel COVID-19 transmission dynamic model incorporating the intervention measures implemented in China is proposed. COVID-19 daily data of mainland China excluding Hubei province, including the cumulative confirmed cases, the cumulative deaths, newly confirmed cases and the cumulative recovered cases for the period January 20th-March 3rd, 2020, were archived from the National Health Commission of China (NHCC). We parameterize the model by using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method and estimate the control reproduction number Rc, as well as the effective daily reproduction ratio Re(t), of the disease transmission in mainland China excluding Hubei province.ResultsThe estimation outcomes indicate that Rc is 3.36 (95% CI 3.20-3.64) and Re(t) has dropped below 1 since January 31st, 2020, which implies that the containment strategies implemented by the Chinese government in mainland China excluding Hubei province are indeed effective and magnificently suppressed COVID-19 transmission. Moreover, our results show that relieving personal protection too early may lead to the spread of disease for a longer time and more people would be infected, and may even cause epidemic or outbreak again. By calculating the effective reproduction ratio, we prove that the contact rate should be kept at least less than 30% of the normal level by April, 2020.ConclusionsTo ensure the epidemic ending rapidly, it is necessary to maintain the current integrated restrict interventions and self-protection measures, including travel restriction, quarantine of entry, contact tracing followed by quarantine and isolation and reduction of contact, like wearing masks, etc. People should be fully aware of the real-time epidemic situation and keep sufficient personal protection until April. If all the above conditions are met, the outbreak is expected to be ended by April in mainland China apart from Hubei province.

scholarly journals A review of dengue diagnostics and implications for surveillance and control

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Raafat ◽  
Stuart D Blacksell ◽  
Richard J Maude
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Dengue Diagnostics ◽  
Dengue Control ◽  
Age Range ◽  
And Control

Abstract Dengue is the world’s most common arboviral infection, with almost 4 billion people estimated to be living at risk of dengue infection. A recently introduced vaccine is currently recommended only for seropositive individuals in a restricted age range determined by transmission intensity. With no effective dengue vaccine for the general population or any antiviral therapy, dengue control continues to rely heavily on vector control measures. Early and accurate diagnosis is important for guiding appropriate management and for disease surveillance to guide prompt dengue control interventions. However, major uncertainties exist in dengue diagnosis and this has important implications for all three. Dengue can be diagnosed clinically against predefined lists of signs and symptoms and by detection of dengue-specific antibodies, non-structural 1 antigen or viral RNA by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. All of these methods have their limitations. This review aims to describe and quantify the advantages, uncertainties and variability of the various diagnostic methods used for dengue and discuss their implications and applications for dengue surveillance and control.

The Mediterranean Action Plan: A Regional Approach to Pollution Control

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
Lj Jeftié ◽  
L. J. Saliba
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
And Control

Increasing concern over the deterioration of the Mediterranean sea as a result of increasing pollution by untreated sewage and industrial wastes, agricultural pesticides and fertilizers and oil discharges, led to a series of meetings between 1970 and 1974, and finally to the UNEP-sponsored Mediterranean Action Plan, adopted by governments of the region in 1975 and ongoing since that time. The legal component of the Plan includes a framework Convention and four protocols; the environmental assessment component (the MED POL programme) consists of national pollution monitoring programmes, and research projects conducted by Mediterranean institutions; the environmental management component consists of the Blue Plan (a prospective study combining socio-economic development with environmental preservation) and the Priority Actions Programme (a series of sub-region sectoral projects in defined areas). The Plan has been financed by Mediterranean States since 1979, and is managed by UNEP with the cooperation of other competent UN Agencies. During the last ten years, activities undertaken have improved knowledge of the state of pollution of the Mediterranean sea, and facilitated joint regional action in the form of preventive and control measures.

Upashaya and Anupashaya - A Bird’s Eye View

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreeharsha N. ◽  
Gurubasavaraj Yalagachin ◽  
Kavita M. V. ◽  
Divyasree C. H.
Keyword(s):  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
Therapy Result

The approach of the treatment in any disease begins with Roga Pareeksha and Rogi Pareeksha. Once these two concepts are clear, Vyadhi Vinishchaya will be perfect. This enables the Vaidya to choose appropriate Chikitsa. The five entities of Roga Pareeksha are Nidana (aetiology), Purvaroopa (early signs and symptoms), Roopa (cardinal features), Upashaya (symptomatic treatment) and Samprapti (pathogenesis). When Vaidya has doubtful diagnosis of a disease after thorough examination, he will carry out symptomatic first hand simple therapy, result of which will clarify his ambiguity in diagnosis. For example the pain in the Janu Sandhi may raise the doubt in the physician regarding its diagnosis as Amavata or Sandhivata. The Sthanika Taila Prayoga as Upashaya will result in clarity of diagnosis. Hence Upashaya (Pathya) and Anupashaya (Apathya) are the diagnostic tools in Vyadhi Vinishchaya. This creates a pavement for the path of thinking that Ahara, Vihara and Oushadha which relieve the Lakshanas of any Vyadhi are considered as Upashaya and those which aggravate or worsen are called as Anupashaya. This concept can be practically utilised to advice the Rogi regarding Pathya and Apathya in the specific disesase and it also helps to diagnose the disease without confusion. Hence a detailed knowledge of Upashaya (Pathya) and Anupashaya (Apathya) is essential in Chikitsa.

scholarly journals Assessment of Emission Reduction and Meteorological Change in PM2.5 and Transport Flux in Typical Cities Cluster during 2013–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5685
Author(s):  
Panbo Guan ◽  
Hanyu Zhang ◽  
Zhida Zhang ◽  
Haoyuan Chen ◽  
Weichao Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Joint Control ◽  
Air Quality Model ◽  
Quality Model

Under the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (APPCAP) implemented, China has witnessed an air quality change during the past five years, yet the main influence factors remain relatively unexplored. Taking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) regions as typical cluster cities, the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) and Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extension (CAMx) were introduced to demonstrate the meteorological and emission contribution and PM2.5 flux distribution. The results showed that the PM2.5 concentration in BTH and YRD significantly declined with a descend ratio of −39.6% and −28.1%, respectively. For the meteorological contribution, those regions had a similar tendency with unfavorable conditions in 2013–2015 (contribution concentration 1.6–3.8 μg/m3 and 1.1–3.6 μg/m3) and favorable in 2016 (contribution concentration −1.5 μg/m3 and −0.2 μg/m3). Further, the absolute value of the net flux’s intensity was positively correlated with the degree of the favorable/unfavorable weather conditions. When it came to emission intensity, the total net inflow flux increased, and the outflow flux decreased significantly across the border with the emission increasing. In short: the aforementioned results confirmed the effectiveness of the regional joint emission control and provided scientific support for the proposed effective joint control measures.

Healthcare personnel experiences implementing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infection control measures at a ventilator-capable skilled nursing facility—A qualitative analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Katharina R. Rynkiewich ◽  
Jinal Makhija ◽  
Mary Carl M. Froilan ◽  
Ellen C. Benson ◽  
Alice Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Skilled Nursing ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Resident Care ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Self Protection

Abstract Objective: Ventilator-capable skilled nursing facilities (vSNFs) are critical to the epidemiology and control of antibiotic-resistant organisms. During an infection prevention intervention to control carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), we conducted a qualitative study to characterize vSNF healthcare personnel beliefs and experiences regarding infection control measures. Design: A qualitative study involving semistructured interviews. Setting: One vSNF in the Chicago, Illinois, metropolitan region. Participants: The study included 17 healthcare personnel representing management, nursing, and nursing assistants. Methods: We used face-to-face, semistructured interviews to measure healthcare personnel experiences with infection control measures at the midpoint of a 2-year quality improvement project. Results: Healthcare personnel characterized their facility as a home-like environment, yet they recognized that it is a setting where germs were ‘invisible’ and potentially ‘threatening.’ Healthcare personnel described elaborate self-protection measures to avoid acquisition or transfer of germs to their own household. Healthcare personnel were motivated to implement infection control measures to protect residents, but many identified structural barriers such as understaffing and time constraints, and some reported persistent preference for soap and water. Conclusions: Healthcare personnel in vSNFs, from management to frontline staff, understood germ theory and the significance of multidrug-resistant organism transmission. However, their ability to implement infection control measures was hampered by resource limitations and mixed beliefs regarding the effectiveness of infection control measures. Self-protection from acquiring multidrug-resistant organisms was a strong motivator for healthcare personnel both outside and inside the workplace, and it could explain variation in adherence to infection control measures such as a higher hand hygiene adherence after resident care than before resident care.

scholarly journals Estimation and Prediction of Industrial VOC Emissions in Hebei Province, China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 530
Author(s):  
Xiurui Guo ◽  
Yaqian Shen ◽  
Wenwen Liu ◽  
Dongsheng Chen ◽  
Junfang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Voc Emission ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Equipment Manufacturing ◽  
Future Economic Development

The study of industrial volatile organic compound (VOC) emission inventories is essential for identifying VOC emission levels and distribution. This paper established an industrial VOC emission inventory in 2015 for Hebei Province and completed an emission projection for the period 2020–2030. The results indicated that the total emissions of industrial VOCs in 2015 were 1017.79 kt. The use of VOC products accounted for more than half of the total. In addition, the spatial distribution characteristics of the industrial VOC emissions were determined using a geographic information statistics system (GIS), which showed that the VOCs were mainly distributed the central and southern regions of Hebei. Considering the future economic development trends, population changes, related environmental laws and regulations, and pollution control technology, three scenarios were defined for forecasting the industrial VOC emissions in future years. This demonstrated that industrial VOC emissions in Hebei would amount to 1448.94 kt and 2203.66 kt in 2020 and 2030, with growth rates of 42.36% and 116.51% compared with 2015, respectively. If all industrial enterprises took the control measures, the VOC emissions could be reduced by 69% in 2030. The analysis of the scenarios found that the most effective action plan was to take the best available control technologies and clean production in key industries, including the chemical medicine, coke production, mechanical equipment manufacturing, organic chemical, packaging and printing, wood adhesive, industrial and construction dye, furniture manufacturing, transportation equipment manufacturing, and crude oil processing industries.

Multihospital Outbreak ofClostridium difficileRibotype 027 Infection: Epidemiology and Analysis of Control Measures

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoon A. Aldeyab ◽  
Michael J. Devine ◽  
Peter Flanagan ◽  
Michael Mannion ◽  
Avril Craig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Environmental Hygiene ◽  
Ribotype 027 ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
The Impact

Objective.To report a large outbreak ofClostridium difficileinfection (CDI; ribotype 027) between June 2007 and August 2008, describe infection control measures, and evaluate the impact of restricting the use of fluoroquinolones in controlling the outbreak.Design.Outbreak investigation in 3 acute care hospitals of the Northern Health and Social Care Trust in Northern Ireland.Interventions.Implementation of a series of CDI control measures that targeted high-risk antibiotic agents (ie, restriction of fluoroquinolones), infection control practices, and environmental hygiene.Results.A total of 318 cases of CDI were identified during the outbreak, which was the result of the interaction betweenC. difficileribotype 027 being introduced into the affected hospitals for the first time and other predisposing risk factors (ranging from host factors to suboptimal compliance with antibiotic guidelines and infection control policies). The 30-day all-cause mortality rate was 24.5%; however, CDI was the attributable cause of death for only 2.5% of the infected patients. Time series analysis showed that restricting the use of fluoroquinolones was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of CDI (coefficient, —0.054; lag time, 4 months;P= .003).Conclusion.These findings provide additional evidence to support the value of antimicrobial stewardship as an essential element of multifaceted interventions to control CDI outbreaks. The present CDI outbreak was ended following the implementation of an action plan improving communication, antibiotic stewardship, infection control practices, environmental hygiene, and surveillance.

THE ACADEMY AND PEDIATRIC OPPORTUNITIES IN UNDEVELOPED COUNTRIES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-688
Author(s):  
Louis K. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Nutritional Anemia ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

Last october, in a talk before the American Academy of Pedatrics, on Nutritional Anemia in Tropical Countries, I mentioned several important reasons why American physicians, especially pediatricians, should seriously consider working for a year or more in some of the underprivileged countries abroad. Three points deserve special emphasis. First, it can constitute a period of most valuable training and experience.1 In our own country, it is not unusual these days for a man to complete his internship and still have failed to see important and formerly epidemic diseases in all their manifestations. How many Residents now can recognize the early signs and symptoms of measles, smallpox, diphtheria, tetanus, tuberculosis, and typhoid fever, to mention just a few.

scholarly journals Male Breast Cancer- Report of Two Cases

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-82
Author(s):  
M Dayem Uddin ◽  
ABM Abdul Hannan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Male Breast Cancer ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Male Breast ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Early Signs ◽  
Bangladeshi Population

Male breast cancer is rare. It accounts for 0.2% of all cancers, and 1% all breast cancers. Most patients present late for several reasons, including the absence of early signs and symptoms, and reduced awareness of the existence of such pathology among patients and physicians, Reporting these cases from among the Bangladeshi population, we tried to observe any differences in clinical manifestation from those reported in the literature, and aimed to increase the value assigned to male breast as a source of pathology among patients and physicians as well.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v21i1.3226 TAJ 2008; 21(1): 80-82

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